US1740147A - Wall - Google Patents
Wall Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1740147A US1740147A US198932A US19893227A US1740147A US 1740147 A US1740147 A US 1740147A US 198932 A US198932 A US 198932A US 19893227 A US19893227 A US 19893227A US 1740147 A US1740147 A US 1740147A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- porous
- stratum
- reverberation
- cementitious
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
Definitions
- My invention relates to walls, and more particularly to a wall having a felted, compressedgwoven or otherwise constructed porous stratum aflixed to its masonry or other hard and unyielding surface, the said porous stratumbein covered with a layer of cementitious su stance preferably having admixed therewith a comminuted porous material, whereby the said wall will possess marked qualities of resonance and sound reilection, and reverberation be avoided therein.
- the invention is particularly applicable to masonry walls, such as those of auditoriums, theatres, concert halls, churches and the like, Where good acoustics are a prime consideration.
- masonry walls as heretofore and at present constructed the solidity of the structure promotes reverberation because of the hard and unyielding character of the surface against which the sound waves are directed, and such walls are found to be almost entirely lackin in that quality of resonance so essential or the production of a ood acoustic effect.
- umerous endeavors have been made to construct a Wall in such manner as to eliminate reverberation, but these structures have been based on the theory that reverberation caused by ahard unyielding surface can be counteracted only by providing a porous sound absorbing surface, whereby sound refiection is greatly reduced..- The effect thereof is to dampen or absorb the sound waves and while. such a structure does not permit of reverberation, the necessary property of resonance is absent therein.
- My invention is based upon an entirely difi'erent theory; that, while reverberation must be eliminated, absorption of the sound is equally detrimental, since it is essential that the sound be clearly audible in every part of the auditorium, whether church, theatre, concert hall or the like. tion of the sound, by presenting porous surfaces against which it is directed, audibility is greatly reduced, and the acoustics are but little improved by the substitution of. one disadvantage for another, namely the elimina- With absorp- 1927. Serial No. 198,932.
- the principal object of my invention is to promote resonance without reverberation of sound waves by providing a wall surface having resonant properties rather than a sound deadening or absorbin character.
- Figure 1 is a plan view of a wall broken airway to show the layers underlying its sur- 'ace.
- Figure 2 is a vertical section made on line 22 of Figure 1.
- A'masonry wall 10 is covered by a stratum of porous, woven or felted material 11 which is afiixed to its surface in any suitable manner.
- a stratum of porous, woven or felted material 11 which is afiixed to its surface in any suitable manner.
- compressed or felted hair, wadding, pulp be gasse or other material of sufficient porosity and strength may be used. Good results have been obtained with compressed or felted sugar cane fiber.
- This layer 11 is covered with a coating 12 of cementitious substance, advantageously of the character disclosed in my prior U. S. Patent N 0. 1,573,475, conigrising a cementitious binder having embeded therein a comminuted porous material, such as saw dust, cork meal, asbestos, pumice or the like.
- the exercise of the present invention is not confined to the use of a cementitious coating of the composition above described, as I have obtained excellent results by admixing the cementitious substance with a fibrous ma terial such as hair, the latter preventing the wall surface from cracking as a result of the slight but constant vibration to which it is [subjected when in use.
- a fibrous ma terial such as hair
- the surface coating of cement or plaster is permitted to vibrate because of the porous, relatively yielding, fibrous, and elastic character of the underlying stratum of material 11, and the capacity of the surface layer to vibrate, while at the Same time adhering perfectly to the underlying porous stratum, produces the desired acoustic effect.
- the material 11 and the cement or plaster may be applied in any desired thickness, but
- a wall constructed in accordance with my invention will be elastic and vibratory, and will resonate sounds directed against it by reasonof its acoustic property, yet will pre vent reverberation because its surface is not hard and unyielding as in ordinary masonry construction.
- a resonant wall consisting of a solid backing, a layer of non-resonant porous material, and a surface layer of resonant ce mentit-ious material.
- a resonant wall consisting of a solid backing, a porous layer of fibrous material,
- a wall comprising a solid base, an intermediate stratum of felted fibrous porous material, and an external stratum formed of a resonant cementitious material.
- a chamber having walls formed of a rigid base, an intermediate felted, com pressed, or woven porous stratum, and a cementitious external covering.
- a wall structure formed of a rigid nonvibratory base, a surface stratum, and a porous stratum interposed between said base and surface stratum, and to Which said surface stratum is affixed thereby to render said surface stratum vibratory.
- a wall structure formed of a rigid, nonvibratory base, a surface stratum, and a porous stratum interposed between said base and surface stratum and aflixed to both whereby the said surface stratum is rendered vibratory.
- a resonant wall comprising arigid surface, a relatively yielding, porous layer overlying said surface and a cementitious external covering for said porous layer, the said surface layer being permitted to vibrate because of the elastic character of the porous material to which it is afixed,
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
Description
Dec. 17, 1929. E. BERLINER WALL Filed June 15, 1927 gwumtoo Emil9 Berliner Patented Dec. 17, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WALL Application filed June 15,
My invention relates to walls, and more particularly to a wall having a felted, compressedgwoven or otherwise constructed porous stratum aflixed to its masonry or other hard and unyielding surface, the said porous stratumbein covered with a layer of cementitious su stance preferably having admixed therewith a comminuted porous material, whereby the said wall will possess marked qualities of resonance and sound reilection, and reverberation be avoided therein.
I The invention is particularly applicable to masonry walls, such as those of auditoriums, theatres, concert halls, churches and the like, Where good acoustics are a prime consideration. In masonry walls as heretofore and at present constructed the solidity of the structure promotes reverberation because of the hard and unyielding character of the surface against which the sound waves are directed, and such walls are found to be almost entirely lackin in that quality of resonance so essential or the production of a ood acoustic effect.
umerous endeavors have been made to construct a Wall in such manner as to eliminate reverberation, but these structures have been based on the theory that reverberation caused by ahard unyielding surface can be counteracted only by providing a porous sound absorbing surface, whereby sound refiection is greatly reduced..- The effect thereof is to dampen or absorb the sound waves and while. such a structure does not permit of reverberation, the necessary property of resonance is absent therein.
My invention is based upon an entirely difi'erent theory; that, while reverberation must be eliminated, absorption of the sound is equally detrimental, since it is essential that the sound be clearly audible in every part of the auditorium, whether church, theatre, concert hall or the like. tion of the sound, by presenting porous surfaces against which it is directed, audibility is greatly reduced, and the acoustics are but little improved by the substitution of. one disadvantage for another, namely the elimina- With absorp- 1927. Serial No. 198,932.
tion of reverberation by absorbing and deadening the sound waves.
The principal object of my invention is to promote resonance without reverberation of sound waves by providing a wall surface having resonant properties rather than a sound deadening or absorbin character. Other objects will be apparent from the following description in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of a wall broken airway to show the layers underlying its sur- 'ace.
Figure 2 is a vertical section made on line 22 of Figure 1.
Referring more particularly to the drawmgs: l'
A'masonry wall 10 is covered by a stratum of porous, woven or felted material 11 which is afiixed to its surface in any suitable manner. As an example of the material 11, compressed or felted hair, wadding, pulp, be gasse or other material of sufficient porosity and strength may be used. Good results have been obtained with compressed or felted sugar cane fiber. This layer 11 is covered with a coating 12 of cementitious substance, advantageously of the character disclosed in my prior U. S. Patent N 0. 1,573,475, conigrising a cementitious binder having embeded therein a comminuted porous material, such as saw dust, cork meal, asbestos, pumice or the like.
' The exercise of the present invention is not confined to the use of a cementitious coating of the composition above described, as I have obtained excellent results by admixing the cementitious substance with a fibrous ma terial such as hair, the latter preventing the wall surface from cracking as a result of the slight but constant vibration to which it is [subjected when in use. When the cementitious substance is applied to surfaces of relatively small area the addition of a fibrous or other reinforcing agent is unnecessary.
The surface coating of cement or plaster is permitted to vibrate because of the porous, relatively yielding, fibrous, and elastic character of the underlying stratum of material 11, and the capacity of the surface layer to vibrate, while at the Same time adhering perfectly to the underlying porous stratum, produces the desired acoustic effect.
The material 11 and the cement or plaster may be applied in any desired thickness, but
I have found that a thickness of approximately one-half inch of each gives excellent results.
From the foregoing it will be apparent that a wall constructed in accordance with my invention will be elastic and vibratory, and will resonate sounds directed against it by reasonof its acoustic property, yet will pre vent reverberation because its surface is not hard and unyielding as in ordinary masonry construction.
What I claim is:
1. A resonant wall consisting of a solid backing, a layer of non-resonant porous material, and a surface layer of resonant ce mentit-ious material.
2. A resonant wall consisting of a solid backing, a porous layer of fibrous material,
and a surface layer of resonant cementitious material,
3. A wall comprising a solid base, an intermediate stratum of felted fibrous porous material, and an external stratum formed of a resonant cementitious material.
it. A chamber having walls formed of a rigid base, an intermediate felted, com pressed, or woven porous stratum, and a cementitious external covering.
5. A wall structure formed of a rigid nonvibratory base, a surface stratum, and a porous stratum interposed between said base and surface stratum, and to Which said surface stratum is affixed thereby to render said surface stratum vibratory.
6. A wall structure formed of a rigid, nonvibratory base, a surface stratum, and a porous stratum interposed between said base and surface stratum and aflixed to both whereby the said surface stratum is rendered vibratory.
7. A resonant wall comprising arigid surface, a relatively yielding, porous layer overlying said surface and a cementitious external covering for said porous layer, the said surface layer being permitted to vibrate because of the elastic character of the porous material to which it is afixed,
In testimony whereof I affix my signature.
EMILE BERLINER.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US198932A US1740147A (en) | 1927-06-15 | 1927-06-15 | Wall |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US198932A US1740147A (en) | 1927-06-15 | 1927-06-15 | Wall |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1740147A true US1740147A (en) | 1929-12-17 |
Family
ID=22735497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US198932A Expired - Lifetime US1740147A (en) | 1927-06-15 | 1927-06-15 | Wall |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1740147A (en) |
-
1927
- 1927-06-15 US US198932A patent/US1740147A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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