US1739581A - Container and hood cap therefor - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 17, 1929. I c. ELLIIS 1,739,581

CONTAINER AND HOOD CAP THEREFOR Original Filed May :5. 1926 CARLETON E L\..\S

, INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y.

Patented Dec. 17, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARLETON ELLIS, OI IONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY,'ASSIGNOR TO' ELLIS-FOSTER COMPANY, A CORPOBATION NEW JERSEY CONTAINER AND HOOD CAP THEREFOR Ap lication and m a, 1926, SerialNo. 106,575. Renewed December. a1, 1928.

This invention relates to containers and to hood caps therefor, and relates particularly to bottles, the mouth or rim of which is covered and protected by a cap of paper or other fibrous material containing a waxy component of relatively high melting point.

' My invention is concerned especially with containers of the milk bottle type such as those having a ledge or seat in the mouth thereof to receive a paper disc, serving as a stopper. Around the mouth of bottles closed in this manner I employ a hood cap, preferably of paper, such hood cap containlng plastic material comprising wax of high melting point serving as abinder and stifl'ening agent. The composition of the hood cap material is such that when heated to a temperature above the melting point of the binder constituents, the paper becomes very plastic and may be pressed around the flange or rim of the bottle, thereby producing a seal which not onlykeeps out dirt and dust and other contamination, but also provides an indicator, as it were, which shows the consumer- 2 whether or not the contents of the bottle have been tampered with in any manner.

In the drawings which are of a conventional diagrammatic character, there is shown by way of illustration, in Figure 1, an elevation partly in section of a milk bottle provided with a hood cap; in Figure 2, a perspective view of a fluted hood cap; in Fig:

- ure 3, a portion of a bottle having such cap crimped thereon; and in Figure 4, a trans- 5 verse sectionthrough a cap showing portions thereof folded over.-

In certain co-pending applications I have specified the employment of carnauba wax, Montan wax, candelilla wax, shellac wax, and similar waxes of high melting point as binders for hood caps, the wax being applied by dip mixture of t e wax, or spraying the wax in a molten state onto the-walls of the cap.

In. the present invention I employ emulsions of such high melting waxes as for example, carnauba wax, and I may in one form of the invention introduce such wax emulsion or dispersion into the, paper pulp at some stage prior to its formation into a sheet or ing the shaped cap into a molten web. Thus, for example, the wax emulsion may be added to the pulp in the beater en-.

' gine.

A second form of the invention involves the spraying of a wax emulsion onto the paper material after it has been sheeted. In some cases, this application of the wax emulsion may be carried out on a part of the sheet, as 'for example, on one side or a layer of the sheet, as it is being formed in the paper make .ing machine and other layers of paper pulp superposed thereon, giving a finlshed sheet which has one or more layers of the wax emulsion or dispersion extending throughout the length-and breadth of said sheet.

Since, however, a very decided binding and setting action is required to hold the cap firms ly in place on the mouth of the bottle, I prefer to use a much larger quantity of wax than would be present if such treatment to form layers of wax only in the interior of the sheet were carried out. Preferably, therefore, I disseminate through the entire mass of the pulp or sheet fine particles of the carnauba wax or other high meltin point wax. 76

When such a substantia proportion of wax is present, the paper when hot is readily mo dable and plastic, so that it may be shaped around the mouth of the bottle, and on cooling will harden to form a stiff firm seal or so cover, which cannot be. dislodged without rupturing sufiioiently to indicate tampering, if such has occurred.

A hood cap for milk bottles should contain only substances of a hygienic and sanitary character, free from unpleasant odors and the like. The high melting p'o'lnt waxes aforesaid are satisfactory in this respect. They have other distinct advantages, as for 7 example, they do not stick to the walls of the bottle, but tend to peel from the surface thereof, as I have shown in my co-pending applications. The solidification point is high enough so that the rays of the sun striking on the capped bottle will not render the cap plastic and cause it to spring away from the sidesof the bottle.

The emulsion of the wax may be prepared in various ways, as for example, by heating the wax above the melting point'with water binder.

The use therefore of paraflin wax for waterproofin the hood cap does not become necessary, a though a small amount of paraflin wax may be-used in some cases to act as a:

lubricant is drawing the paper through dies to shape into ramekin or cu form.

In other cases the carnau a wax in emulsion form, and preferably the milled wax, that is, the highly dispersed wax obtained by means'of thecolloid mill, may be sprayed onto an absorptive aper sheet after said sheet has been comp eted on thepaper machine. The highl dispersed wax will penetrate quite readi y into absorptive aper, waterproofin it and adding a su cient amount of t e high melting point wax to serve as a binding agent when the paper is ap lied to the mouth of bottles, as aforesaid. y either of these Proceduresemploying -the emulsifiedor dispersed wax- I obtain an ture of the paper is uniform, that is, the wax effect different from that secured by dipping thehood cap into molten wax. The entire texapplied by the emulsion procedure and especia ly when such emulsion is em loyed in the beater en 'ne, uniformly distri uted or disseminat throu h the tissue. When such paper material is 'ap liedas a cap'to the mouth of a bottle and allowed to 0001 from a plastic to a solid unyielding cover the stresses or strains which are likely to be set up when wax is a plied in other ways are not likely to obtain under the presentinvention, so that a firm capping efiect is secured, and moreover, the cap on standing is less likely to loosen slightly and thus rotate about the rim of the bottle. 7

- Preferably product s tending to loosen slightl in this manner so that rotation is vpossib e', are not desired. The cap preferabl should have a very mild adhesion to the wa ls or rim of the bottle, so that a considerdering pre erably able twist with thehand is necessary in order -to loosen the cap. However, the adhesion should not be so meat that particles of wax or paper stick to t e walls of the bottle in any obipctionable degree.

aper sheet made in accordance with the present inventionv preferably is calendered afterleavin the pagr machine, suchcalen ing at a-temperaturesufficient to soften the wax and render. the

-sheet lasticin order to furtherenhance the distri ution of the wax. and compress the milled wax particles into intimate contact with the fibres constituting the paper, and

in order to build up a thicker sheet. Preferably the paper raw material is sulphite pulp,

or a mixture of ground wood and sulphite pulp. Usually a proportion of 1 part of ground wood to 3 parts of sulphite pulp is desired, but, in some cases, the proportions may be reversed, that is, 3 parts of ground wood may be used to 1 part of the sulphite pulp. In other cases a mixture of ap roximately equal parts ground wood and 'su phite pulp may be used. The employment of woodpulp, such as that made by the sulphate process, and also the use of other fibrous materials adapted for makinglsheet'ed material is within the province of t e present invention. In some cases the beating of the stock may be carried out to a rather protracted degreein order to produce a considerable proportion of hydrocellulose, acting as a fixatlve to hold the wax dispersion in the texture of the paper. In other'cases hydrocellulose separately made may be ad ed in such quantity as is desired.

With respect to the palpsr sprayed with the wax dispersion it is to expe ted that the distribution of the wax thereixi will not be as uniform as that in the case of the paper material made in the beater engine with the addition of the wax dispersion thereto.

However, the invention contemplates treat-' mentin both ways in so far as concerns the broad idea of employing an emulsion or dispersion of high melting (point wax to;yield a paper adapted for hoo caps asaforesaid.

Other substances such as resins 'or softer waxes, and the like, may be added to these hard waxes provided such additions do not alter the essential characteristics of said hard waxes. In cappin milk bottles it is impora tent that setting ta es place rapidly, usual] only a few seconds being allowed in whic the heated disc or cap is applied to the bot--..

tle and must set to a rigid state. The addition'of such substances as a considerable proportion of araflin wax or rosin may cause stikiness, fou mg of the bottle, or" failure toset with suflicient rapidityr Such addimy co-pending applications ts'suchas rosin size dispersion. Such wax may-be setwith alum or other appropriate setting may be used tb nauba or other-hard wax an the rosin in We area M tions as are contemplated here are 'set forth wax emulsion may be added engine at the start of the beating operation introduced into the beater engine separately. For example, thehi h melting point to the beater be added and at the close rosin size may In some and set with alum and the like.

cases the waxis first set by adding calcium chloride, aluminum sulphate, or other setting agent and the rosin size then introduced and duly set. The treatment of the paper pulp first with rosin size and afterwards with the high melting point wax dispersion also .is not precluded.

The waste or scrap obtained in cutting the discs or sections of the paper which are to be formed into hood caps may be utilized by introducing in small quantities into the beater engine along1 with'fresh paper pulp. In some cases t e scrap may be digested with dilute sulphuric or b drochloric acid to liberate the wax and ena le it to be re-emulsified and dispersed. The latter procedure may take place in the presence of the fibre normally in the scrap, or if desired, the wax ma be extracted from a part or the whole of sucli fibrous material.

An emulsion made from 100 parts by weight of carnauba wax, 100 parts of water, 20 parts stearic acid and 2.8 parts caustic soda, all heated to 90 C. and agitated violently, yielded a good emulsion. A mixture of equalparts by weight (dry weight) of sulphitepulp and ground wood, 20 parts al-v together, suspended in 400 parts of water wasagitated at a temperature of 90 C. with 40 parts of the foregoing wax emulsion. A sheet wasiformed from this material and this was calendered, first cold and then hot. So large a proportion of wax was introduced in this manner that the sheet was veryplastic when hot. However, the fibres of the sheet were so surrounded with wax that the tensile strength was not high. It is proposed therefore to employ proportions of the carnauba wax emulsion of lesser quantity to obtain stronger paper. Thus, instead of 40 parts there maybe used 30'parts, 20 parts, or even 10 parts of said emulsion. As the proportion of the emulsion is reduced, rosin size, when used, preferably is increased iriamount.

In another case a mixture of equal parts of sulphite pulp and ground wood was emulsified with a dispersion of Montan wax. The sheet, formed from this material was calendered at a temperature of'90 C.

In the case of both the carnaubaand the Montan wax paper the caps shaped into place on the bottle mouth when the paper was plastic from heating. were firmly and effectively attached, moreover;,';- on stripping the paper away from the rim'ofthe bottle, did not leave any matter adhering to the glass.

A milled carnauba wax dispersion may-be made as follows potassium oleate is introduced into a colloid mill and issues from the mill as a liquid containing the wax in good Brownian movement. 7

A dispersion is obtained in this manner which has the property of incorporating with fibre effectively and also when-sprayed on porous absorptive paper of being readily taken up by the latter, penetrating into the pores of the paper in a notable degree. Milled carnauba wax or other high-melting point milled waxes thus obtained are regarded as especially desirable in producing a single ply sheet paper material hood cap having an annular skirt. The incorporation in the fibres of the paper of such milled deposited wax yields a non-fouling, quick-setting, hard, high-melting avoids a coating of wax on the skirt surface, and the invention therefore comprises a bottle container having an enlarged mouth portion in combination with a single ply sheet paper material annular skirted hood cap point binder and posited or precipitated in the paper instead of, for example, dipping the skirt of the cap in molten binder (carnauba, or other highmelting point waxes) is that wax is not ex osed on the surfacev of the skirt portion when the preferred form of the present invention is utilized. l urthcrmore,the wax binder in the upper part of the 'cap (top) assists in overcoming the spring of skirt. Stiff paper, when molded against the bottle mouth, will, especially when exposed to a moist atmos: phere, tend to open or expand and thus spring away from the bottle walls. This may be in part attributed to the dilference in water resistance of the top of the cap from the more heavily wax-coated skirt. By having the composition ofthe paper uniform throughout, as may be accomplished by the present invention, such stresses are much less likely to be in evidence.

' The foregoing, however, does not preclude the applicationto hood caps made in accordance with the preferred form of the present invention, of a coating of wax or other binder,

bent into cup or ramekin shape 4 should occasion arise when such dual step'is "required.

Wax or other high-melting point binder binder remains in the pores of the paper sub-.

nally applied and impregnated. Incontrast.

thereto the deposited or precipitated wax constituting the'preferred form of the/pres.- ent invention. being substantially uniformly distributed affords a result diiferent from that when the annular skirt of a hood ca is simply dipped in molten wax- Even w en the paper material contains a very high pro- I portion of such high-melting point binder, so

that when. hot and plastic and considerable pressure is applied to the cap' on the bottle mouth a small amount of the binder may ex ude under the pressure applied and coat the paper at the point of such pronounced contact with the glass, it should nevertheless be observed that in the main the bulk of the stantially uniformly distributed, and that,

, therefore, the springing difliculties observed with hood caps of other types are very little in evidence.

By. theterm deposited as used herein, reference is made to wax which has been thrown down or deposited from a suspension,

the groove ormed by the latter bein shown at D. E is the binding material, while at F such binder is shown as omitted as ex lained above in connection with one phase 0 the invention.

What I claim is:--

1. A paper hood cap for bottles containing high-melting point, quick-settin wax uni.- formly deposited in the fibres t ereof and serving as a binder to permit the cap to be firmly molded about the mouth of the bottle without employment of externally applied high-meltin point wax. 2. In com ination witha bottle havin enlarged mouth portion, of a single-ply s eet paper material annular-skirted non-sprigs ing hood cap carrying a non-fouling, h

high-melting point, quick-setting binder comprising deposited wax incorporated in the fibers thereof substantially uniformly sln'rt of the cap carrying a binder containing carnauba wax and resin.

5. A paper hood cap containing'a wax unicontaining a considerable proportion of.

ground wood, said paper carrying a wax deposited in the fibers thereof.

7. A paper ca made from paper stock containing a considerable proportion of hydrocellulose, said pmr' carrying a hard wax deposited in the rs thereo 8. A hood ca made from paper containing a high melting point wax uniformly deposited in the fibers thereof, and set by treatment with a settingagent. Y

9. A hood cap made from paper containing milled carnauba wax' uniformly deposited in the fibers thereof.

10. A container closure shaped by a drawing operation from paper containing a wax uniformly deposited in the fibers thereof, in

amount sufiicient to and setting action.

11. A container closure shaped by a drawing operation and made of paper having wax introduced thereinto and su stantially uniformly incorporated therein.

12. A container closure shaped by a drawing operation and made of paper having incorporated thereinto wax introduced into the paper from an emulsified condition.

13. A container closure shaped by a drawin operation and made of paper carryin a substance acting as a die-lubricant during t edrawing'operatlon.

14. A container closure shaped by a draw-- i operation and made of paper carrying a su stance introduced in emulsified condition with the paper stock, said substance acting as a a diedubricant during the drawing operation.

15. A drawn paper container closure containing a hydrocarbon lubricant introduced in an emulsified state into the paper pulp from which the closureis made. i

16. A drawn aper product containingfa hydrocarbon lu ncant introduced inan emulsified condition into the paper pulp from which the closure is made.

' CARLETON ELLIS.

give a decided binding throughout the cap; said cap be' substantially free from externally-appli and im v pregnated binder.

wax introduced in emulsified condition with 3. A skirted paper hood cap containing a the paper stock in the condition of pulp, the skirt 0 the ca carrying a binder containing ahardwaxan aresin. I

4. A skirted paper hood cap containing a wax introduced in emulsified condition with the paper stock in'the condition of pulp, the

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