US1735854A

US1735854A - Orthopedic manikin chart

Info

Publication number: US1735854A
Application number: US112853A
Authority: US
Inventors: Emerson George Berry
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1926-06-01
Filing date: 1926-06-01
Publication date: 1929-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 1946-11-19

Description

Nov. 19, 1929. G. B. EMERSON ORTHOPEDIC MANIKINpHART 7 Filed June 1. 1926 zigz- Patented Nov. 119, 192% G ORG BERRY EMERSON, or EEmironr, MAs'sAcHosErrs v ORTHOPEDIC MAEIKI'N CHART.

' Applieati on filed il'une 1, 1926. Serial No. 112,853.

My invention relates to problems of corrective orthopedics and particularly to the field of supervised physical culture and more particularly may be stated as having reference to the correction of posture. V

While my invention is variously applicable and may be variously used and. practiced in its most general aspects, I shall for the purposes of the presentinvention discuss it in its relation to themore specific field of posture inasmuch as the factors therein involved will be readily interpreted by those skilled in physical welfare, but also because as interpreted in terms of posture my invention becomes morereadily appreciated by the general public.

In considering my invention 1 will first discussit in relation to means of interpreting tothe individual those physical defects which system is intended to overcome as will be later described. As the former phase of my'invention is capable'if illustration I have shown it in the accompanying drawings partly as to structure and partly in diagrammatic outline. l V

-, Throughout the specification and drawings like reference characters) are employed to indicate corresponding "parts, and in the drawings: l

manikinin correct posture.

"Fig. 2 is a similar-view showing an incorrect posture. V j

Figs. 3 and 4' are similar views showing other postures. i I V v Fig. 5 is a rear view ot the device. --Fig..6'a sectional view of: the same. I

- Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic indication of the normal posture of vital organs of the human body, and

Fig. 8 asimilar view of the'same in an abnormal or deformcd position The device shown in the accompanying drawings consists of a chart member or background 1 graduated 1n vertlcal hens 2 run-- ning vertically of the chart and on each side .7 of a central space 3. Transversely offthe chart are a series of lines 4 which may be termed head lines, another series bracketed Fig. 1 is a view ofan anatomical manikin': chart in accordance w1th my lnventlon with as at 5 which may be termed chest lines, a

third series indicated at 6 which definethe abdominal region, and a fourth series indicated at 7 indicating theknee series. The

central region 3 is provided with an elon gated slot 8 disposed in the general region of the upper chest adapted to receive a pivot pin 9 which has a-position in the assembled figure of manikin corresponding with the seventh cervical. The manikin figure comprises ahead member 10 having a chest por-- tion 10?, a trunk member 11 which is pivoted vided with a shankorha'ndle' 9 the jointbeing'heldtight by a washer'9 'which against the rear of the plate 1. f

Ybears I 'When the figure is mounted on the back ground 1 and the handle" 9 gr'a sped by theq operator, the manikin'can bebrought into a perfectly erect position so to representa standing I figure in. proper attitude, lying within thevertical grad'uations 2- and'eXtending' up to the uppermostgraduations 4 at the head'aiid with the feet adjacent thelow} 'ermost'line of the chart." V

. By turning. the handle 9 and by'raisingv or."v

lowering the pivot 9 the slot 8 the manik'iny'; may be made to assume any one o f a large I number 'of characteristicpostures: few

of these postures areindicated in Figs. 2; .13 a

and 4. The posture in Fig. lis "anorma'l posture.

I In Fig. 2 the manikin" posture indicates.

characteristic of lordosis oranterior'curvaceroptosis,' while in Fig. 4" the posture is one,

ture of thespinep'f e e The degree ofdeformityin each one of these postures isindicated by the overlap of the manikin on the vertical or horizontal chart lines,'so that both lateral-deformity) p and vertical displacement can-be observed:

and notedin scale.

According to y'i e hodthe pasture bf the individual to'be'worked with isanaly'z'edby the medical or physical director and the manikin brought to a corresponding posture where the graduations on the chart can be noted and recorded. This does two things in that it provides a basis of measurement and study and visualizes for the patient that which he must overcome.

It Will be noted that the pivot 9 is connected I to the head member 10 which has in its lower part an upper chest portion 10 In turning the pivot9 the position of the headis notonly changed but the position of the chest area 10 relative to the upper, part of the body por-- tion 11 is shifted. i e

In a similar manner I extend the upper leg member 12 to c-arry'an abdominal extension '12 which is displaceable relative to the lower part of the body portion 11 to. show visceroptosi's or saggingof the viscera. This is not only important in thematter of appearance but is of vital health importance. For example, this deformity is productive of that most common of human ailments, viz, consti'patio'n. p

,I have illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 7 and '8 the general positions of the viscera in relation to the diaphragm in nor- 7 mal posture (Fig. 7 and an exaggerated deformed-posture, as in Fig. 8. In Fig. 7 it will be seen-that'the diaphragm D is dome shaped being mechanically a double arch which not only supports the heart and lungs,

but supports the whole upper chest region providing freedom for heart and lungs. In

,this connection, it will be notedfthat it has a mechanical relation to the spine together with, the neck' in relation to it as a bodily 7 super-structure, and is of the highest importance not only to physicalwelfare, but to the disorders arising therefrom.

' The lmmediate. and. is thecompression or distortion of the -in.; I testines',]wi-th the resultantldisordersusually:

higher functions of man.

Considered from below, the diaphragm has anotherpimportantjfunctionj in that it provides av dome or support over the visceraonwhich life and health. is'so dependent. In

'- this phase of our, consideration attentionis 'calledto Fig.8 in "which thediaphragm D. is shown rather in an exaggerated collapsed position; Insucha position the liver B and, stomach S are permitted to sag,- pressing; downward on the transverse colon C and ultimately bringing pressure to bear on the intestines generally.

known as constipationand with the indirect I In my corrective method nay, without going intodetail, pointout that it baseduponf muscular development, first in the diaphragm muscles and in those'associated with. the diaphragm, as constituting supports and control -for the diaphragm arches or dome. Second, it contemplates result of this;

of dan with these difficulties through the diaphragm I,

those muscles which support and control the arch foundations and super-structure, if we may consider these anatomical elements as mechanical.

In this connection the abdominal muscles, such'as externaland internal oblique and the trans-versalis quadratus lumborum and erect or spinal as I- also call attention to the contributing to the basic support of the diaphragm. I .have devised certain exercises developed in "detail in my postural series above referred to, it is probably not necessary for me to go into detail as I, believe that I have herein indicated sufficient of the gen eral principles involved to coverbroadly that portion ofmy invention.

'Referring again to the drawingsand'this time to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the relation of my method and apparatus will be more apparent. In my manikin chart the. adjust: ments provided produce observable characteristic displacements of certain "anatomical parts relative to certain other parts so as to;

be visibly notable and "capable-of observation andrecord. In this connection Ifcall attention to the movements of that portion of the head member which Ihave indioated as 10' and that portionof the'leg member which I have indicated at1'2 The result of de formity of postureis: ShOWIL'by the'la'ckf-o'f coincidence of these parts with the corre spending parts of the trunk member 11.

Referring to :Fig. 2 'i't'will be seen that the;

rear portion of the area 10 has begun to over-.

lap the upperdorsal region so thatth-e mar ginalline which in Fig. 1 just comes into contact with the first vertical ruling of the chart, has in Fig. 2 overlapped the chartito contact with the third graduation which represents an upper dorsal deformity or kyphosis. This in the case of. an}average size patient in this posture represents a deformity of three inches. f 1 1.

In Fig. 3 the upper portion 12 of the leg member represents the abdominal region and in this figure the abdominaldisplacement corresponds to' the position ofth'e organs as indicated in Fig. 8'. It will'be noted inFig.

3 that the resultant forwardthrust of thcj v hips in an effort to produce support gain;

balance, have resultedin a displacement from the normal shown in Fig. 1 to a degree indicated on the chart of some nine inches In each-case shown in these two figures, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it will be seen that the dia 5 phragm region as shown by the displacement of the lower part of the region has slumped and that'the distortion of the silhouette outline is the result of that slump or depression of the diaphragm arches.

10 I note particularly, in order to'avoid false impression, that the actual anatomical con- I call particular attention to this feature because in my system ofcorrective exercise I control posture by the diaphragm and by the readjustment of the abnormal spinal curves to normal position. This readjustment of the body structure restores the mechanical balance or inter-relation of the parts which have been designed by nature in accordance with physical laws.

In the manikin the cervical pivot 9 makes a convenient point of adjustment to swing the lower edge of the chest portion 10 This movement corresponds with that produced by the tightening of the diaphragm which elevates the chest to normal position while at the sametime relieving encroachment upon the viscera. V I

The leg posture both as to hip and as to knee will be found in such a manikin to follow almost automatically the given or adjusted position of the chest; While the fig-' urc shown may be considered in general to be a male silhouette it will indicate to those of the female silhouette.

V In presenting my invention for patent I dee sire to disclaim any intention of unreasonpractice of my system of exercise. In indicating my position, however, I am compelled to reserve to myself all rights in re-' 7 to the methods involved in analysis and in: my

exercises as developed by me.

As regards theseI desire to retain reasonable control in order to make sure that the served in practice and where I have provided material equipment to'assuremyself reasonable control and recompense for such devices or publications asI may make. I have made this statement in filing my application so that ably restricting or limiting the teaching and gard to the mechanical devicesfcharts'and features of my invention are faithfully pre-' derstood.

The device shown'iand described is capable ofI'a-great variety of manipulations and can be made to indicate with veryconsiderable accuracy a large variety ofpostures oncombined postures. Nhere desired a series of manikins may be provided showing. average male and female figures for childhood, youth and middle age, as my. corrective system con templates a reclaiming of normal posture at ages even beyond those usually'considered as subject to corrective methods. As above explained, the form of my invention and the practice of or exercises under my method as suggested are to be taken herein as illustrative except as where features are specifically claimed and all modifications and variants are l to be considered as within the purview ofmy I invention. I What I therefore claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I

1. In an apparatus for posture analysis, a base having a verticallyelongated opening, an articulated manikin, a support projected through said opening and rotatable and slidable therein, and charted areas adjacent the contour of the manikin for the analysis of manipulated postural deformities of the ar ticulations of the manikin.

2. In an apparatus of the class described,

an articulatedmanikin including a body member, a head and chest member pivoted to said body member, an upper leg member having an abdominal portion formed at the upper end therefor andpivoted to the body member at the region of the hip jointindependently of the pivoting of said head and chest member, and a charted support for saidmanikin having reference lines for'vertical and lateral displacement.

H 3. In apparatus for posture analysis, an" articulated figure having a leg-portion p1:o-

vided'with'an abdominal part projectable into positions representative of postural deformities.

4. In apparatus for. posture analysis, a charted'background, and an articulated figure having a leg portion provided with an abdominalpart projectablelrelative to said back- 5 positions representative of ground 'into postural deformities. v v 5. In apparatus for, posture analysis,ian articulatedmanikin including a head and chest member, a body member pivoted thereto, and aleg member'pivoted to said body 'member and having an abdominal part, said.

head and chest member and said abdominal part being independently and selectivelyprm jectableinto positions representative '--of postural "deformities. i

6.-In apparatus for postureanalysisg a charted background, an articulated manikin including ahead and chest member, a body "member pivoted thereto, and a leg member pivoted to said body ine'mber and. having an abdominal part said head. and chest membef and said abdominal part being independently and selectively projectable relative to. said. charted background intoiposition's re'presahtative of postural deformities; v

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

GEORGE BERRY EMERSON.

so I