US1732620A - Construction of buildings - Google Patents

Description

- Omit. Z2, 1929.

' tH. J. 'SCHUBERT CONSTRUCTION 0F BUILDINGS Filed April zo, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l ATTORN EY Oct. 22, 1929. H. .1. SCHUBERT coNsTRUcTI'oN oF BUILDINGS Filed April 20. 192B 2 Shana-Sheet 2 l gh ATTORNEY Patented Get. 22, 1929 UNTED STATES PATENT OFFICE HERMANN J. SCHUBERT, OF

CONSTRUCTION Application tiled April 20,

This invention relates to the construction of the walls and other parts of buildings, and has for some of its objects, simplicity, cheapness, durability, and strength.

Facing sheets or material consisting of cast slabs or tiles previously manufactured are used on the outside of my improved constructiomin front and rear, and between them a binding and filling concrete or similar mixture is laid, in connection with which suitable air spaces are provided through the utilization of hollow sections of ordinary corrugated board of paper or similar substance, or other cellular sheets or units, folded or shaped as desired, which can permanently remain in the structure after the stitlening forms are removed, and thus insure continuous air Spaces of excellent and peculiar form to guard against heat and cold and dampness at all seasons of the year; though in some forms of the invention the air ducts are omitted. g

In carrying out the method of wall construction now proposed, I suggest numerous novel and elfective procedures, not only in the provision of certain kinds of precoustructed material, but in the character of the struct-ural units, and the interposition of contrasting materials, and the insertion of temporary and removable forms, so that a wall or other formation may be built of any desired size, using any composition with such proportions of cement and crushed stones or gravel as may be needed, with all thicknesses and air spaces, as required and demanded in all cases; and with such alternating, overlap, or stagger forms as may help to strengthen by a novel interlock, to permit continuous filling. In these Various and similar ways, the wall may be built quickly and cheaply, with results superior in many respects. And the inven tion further consists, with these manifold objects, essentially in the construction, com bination and arrangement of parts, contributed by the necessary working steps, substantially as will be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the annexed drawings illustrating my invention HAoKEnsacK, NEW JERSEY or BUILDINGS 1928. Serial N0. 271,560.

Figure l is a horizontal sectional plan of my improved building construction.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross-`section of the same on the line 2, 2, of Figure l. i

Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section n of the same on the line 3, 3, of Figure l, the same being on a smaller scale.

Figure 4 is a cross-section on the line 4, 4, of Figure l.

Figure 5 is a side elevation of one of the B0 concrete slabs or tiles.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of one of the corrugated hollow air duct members.

Figure 7 is avertical section of a modified form of the invention, showing its applica- 6l tion to a wooden clapboard structure of house.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding part-s throughout all the different figures of the drawing.

The blocks, tiles, slabs, or sheets 1 are cast or molded in any desired manner, from any species of concrete or other suitable composition, employing ingredients that are proper to create these artificial stone units that are 751` capable of being successfully used to veneer or overlay the outer and inner face, or otherwise, of a building Wall. I claim a Wide latitude of shape and materials for their manufacture; and they are provided as completed blocks ready for use in my improved building construction. One of these slabs l is shown in detail in Figure 5. Its outer face is preferably smooth, and its inner face is formed with integral ribs 2 produced there- 85- on simultaneously With the castingof the wall slab, for the purpose of strengthening the wall and enabling the inner and outer walls to be more effectively united by the inner filling of mortar or other substance. On one longitudinal edge is a tongue 4, and on one transverse edge is a tongue 4", while on the other edges are grooves, as 1l and 4C. 1When a plurality of these slabs are supported on each other the tongues and grooves interlock on all edges with the corresponding tongues and grooves of adjoining slabs, fitting neatly together Without mortar. Further it will be noted that While the slabs are being molded in the molds and before being set, dried or baked, transverse passages'are formed in the ribs 2 close against the wall of slab l, by placing rods or implements in the molds in the soft material to form passages 3, and withdrawing the rods after the setting of the material, whichpassages 3 will receive the angular ends 56L of bent rods or struts 5 which I use to hold'the outer and inner slabs l of a wall properly distanced or in a spaced relation apart while therwall is being built, all as clearly indicated in Figure 2.

As I have already suggested, in building the wall of a house, a number of the sla-bs l will be set up on edge, with their ribs 2 on the inside, and their ends and edges interlocking, as many of these slabs being used as may be needed for the outside area of the Y outer` wall to be built; and opposite this outer Wall, similar slabs l will be set up to form the inner wall, to be properly spaced from the outer wall, all as shown in Figure 2. Struts or rods 5 having right-angled ends 5la will be placed in a horizontal position between the walls at suitable intervals, with the ends agengagingthe holes 3 in opposite ribs 2. See Figure 2. With the outer and inner walls thus started to be erected, and occupying vertical positions, the space between them willjbe filled with a soft concrete, composite mortar, or filling of some kind. I will now explain how this isdone.

I find it convenient to make air duets in sectional form andV to mold these into the yfilling within the wall where they will remain permanently after the wooden forms on which they yare shaped and held while the filling is being poured in around them have been removed. Thematerial of these air ducts is somewhat light and fairly stiff paper or` papier mache board or the like, vas the Y common and well known corrugated board,

which consists of parallel. paper sheets a and b ywith an intermediate corrugated paper layer @,all three parts glued or cemented together into -a vunitary combination. See Figure 6. Thus the paper board itself provides further air channels in its 'own constitution. Any other cellular board might serve a similar purpose and I wish to broadly claim these air cells, tubes, or channels arranged throughout the mass of the wall to give the valuable advantages accruing from such a provision.

,This corrugated board, or its equivalent, is shaped insections v6 of rectangular form and of convenient length for handling, and are made with anV extension single leaf 7 on one side. `The length of section 6 is about the same as the width of slab l so that when the erection of the wall is started and slabs l are setup vertically opposite each other, a row of the'sections 6 can be set up centrally within the. space between the slabs, as shown in Figure 2. Sections 6 correspond in shape Vto the wooden forms 8 which are rectangular pieces of plank or board that are placed within the sections 6 before the latter are placed in position, with the upper ends of the forms 8 projecting above sections 6, these upper ends being perforated at 9 or otherwise shaped so that they can be grasped with a hook or tool to remove the forms 8 after thc sections 6 are set in mortar or filling 10.

In Figure l a row of the paper board sections 6 is shown in position between slabs l. The leaf 7 reaches from one section 6 to the next section and slightly overlaps the edge of it. The strut 5 which connects opposite slabs l between the ends of two sections 6 passes through the leaf 7 at this point. A hole can be easily punched through leaf 7 to permit this. After a row of sections 6 has been located in place in vertical upright position the mortar or filling l0 is poured in to fill the space between slabs l and around the sections 6 and between the ends thereof, and around leaves 7. When this is all com plete and the filling has hardened more or less, the board forms 8 can be withdrawn, leaving the hollow sections 6 of said row rigidly in position. The next upper row of sections 6 with their inserted forms 8 will next be provided and placed in similar position as the members of the previous row but on top of same, and in an alternate position with respect to their le aves 7 which are new on the opposite side instead of directly above the leaves 7 below, said leaves 7 being therefore in planes parallel to each other, but projeeting in opposite directions in the different rows, as the members rise in a vertical series piled one on the other. l This is clearly shown in Figure l and Figure 2. In order to more surely center one section 6 directly above the section 6 under it I allow the form 8 in the upper section to project slightly below the lower end of said section so that it may enter the upper open end of said lower section and hold the two sections in accurate alignment until the mortar has set su'liiciently around the upper section to maintain it in position. llVhen therefore the second row of sections 6 has been thus superposed on the first the filling l0 will be poured in to lill the space as before, and after it is hardened the forms 8 will be withdrawn and a new row of sections brought forward to make the third series. And so on, the wall may be built up as high as desired, first placing the outer slabs in position, then the inner corrugated board members, and then admitting the plastic filling.

The mounting of sections 6 on each other in a vertical series provides an air duct or channel of any desired length, which is most beneficial in the wall construction, for it affords continuous air spaces to keep out heat and cold and dampness and other deleterious influences.

I have spoken of how the different rows of sections 6 have their leaves 7 projecting in opposite directions in the different rows, so that they occupy two vertical parallel planes instead of the leaves 7 all being in the same vertical plane. This alternating or stagger arrangement causes the leaf on one section to lie on one side in one plane and the leaf on the next section above or below it to lie on the other side in another vertical plane, instead of both leaves being directly in line with each other. This is accurately brought out in Figure 2. This arrangement of leaves permits the concrete or lling l() to flow in a solid mass between and around the leaves, thus creating a continuous mass throughout the space between slabs or blocks l, which would not be the case if the leaves were all in a vertical row, for they would then form a partition that would divide the filling into two parts, and it would not be nearly so strong or homogeneous, but with the alternating or oppositely-placed leaves the distribution is perfect and equal in all parts.

It will be understood that the corrugated paper board members 6 form a part of the material brought together to form the wall. These members, as it were, are open-end cartons in rectangular form, made by any suitable machinery that will cut and shape the board to form a duct section, as 6, with its edge stapled, riveted, or otherwise secured after the folding is complete, and leaving the Aintegral leaf projecting at one side of about the size of the larger face ofthe section. These sections 6, so made and shaped, may without injury thereto, be iattened down into a thin, flat, sheet, for purposes of shipment, and will thus occupy only a very small space. When taken for use they are quickly opened or distended into theirnormal rectangular form, where they receive the closely tting wooden forms 8 that keep them stiff and rigid while the composition of stone and cement is drying and hardening around the duct sections in the wall interior.

While the invention is primarily intended for the construction of a wall, and to this end combines the prepared slabs, the prepared air channels, and the binder that unites them all in a solid mass, yet there are many cases where it is desirable to face the outside of a wooden building, like a clapboarded house, with a covering of the slabs 1 to give it the appearance of smooth or rough stucco, and not only rejuvenate its appearance, but give it a longer lease of life by imparting strength and tightness, as well as warmth and dryness thereto; and sometimes a newly build wooden house can be similarly iinished to advantage.

This construction presents certain modications of my invention, and I have illustrated the same in Figure 7 by showing a vertical section of such a wall, whose exterior overlaid with slabs l. Here l5 denotes an upright joist or timber belonging to the building frame, on the inside of which are' the laths 14 and plaster 13, while on the outside are the boards to which are nailed the overlapping clapboards 16. The slabs l1, equivalent to slab l, is supported outside the boards 16 by means of headed pins l2 that are driven into the woodwork, and have their angular ends l2a engage recesses l1a in the inner ribs on slabs l1. Further the slabs 11 will have tongues 11b and grooves 11.

Thus far I have described my improved wall as containing the air ducts. There are many cases however where the air passages may be omitted. This is particularly so in the foundation wall of a building. In making such foundation I still use the slabs or tiles l, placing them one upon another as before, and holding them in position by the struts or rods 5, so that they are spaced apart to allow the fluid mortar or composition to be poured into the space. When this hardens I have a solid wall, as before, but without the air spaces, as they are not needed in the foundation wall. There are moreover other places where a solid wall like this is desirable. Therefore my invention broadly covers a wall with the duplex parts held together by struts and filled with composition, whether or not the channels are provided.

What I claim, is: j

l. In the construction of buildings, the combination with outer and inner walls of superposed interlocking slabs having inner ribs cast integral therewith, of means. for spacing these walls and holding them in such spaced relation, continuous air passages consisting of hollow sections of paper board, each section having a leaf, and said sections being mounted one upon another, with their leaves in different rows projecting in opposite planes, and a binding composition lling the space between the walls and around between the air sections and the leaves thereof, to create a hard and substantial mass.

2. In the construction of buildings, the combination with outer and inner walls of superposed interengaging slabs, of air passages consisting of superposed hollow sections, each having a leaf, the leaf on the sections of one horizontal row extending on opposite sides so as to lie in a pair of vertical planes instead of a single plane, and a binding material filling the space within the walls and around the air passages and between the leaves of the latter so as to unite all these members in a solid mass.

3. In the construction of buildings, the combination with outer and inner walls composed of a plurality of members supported one upon another in a vertical series, each member having perforated inner ribs, of hooked rods engaging the perforated ribs to hold the outer and inner walls in spaced relation to each other and sectional air ducts each composed of sections placed one on another in a vertical series and held in place by said spaces for the filling, which is used to ill all filling, board.

said sections being made ot paper the wall space around the air channels.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aiiix my 4. In building construction, the combinasignature.

tion with walls spaced apart and composed of interlocking slabs or tiles, rods arranged between the walls tor holding them in spaced relation to each other, a iilling between them consisting ot a concretev composition poured in in a fluid condition and allowed to set, and a seriesV of air ducts composed of sections ot corrugated board that are set in the illing, said sections. having wings that occupy a stagger relation to each other.

5. In the construction of buildings of the class described, the combination with inner and outervwalls ot superposed interlocking prepared cast slabs, ot pre-constructed air duct sections that are assembled in continuous series in the space between the walls. said sections being formed ot corrugated paper board in rectangular form, one edge being secured to the body ot the section. and the section being adapted to be collapsed tlatwise for shipment, and distended into hollow shape fori use and to contain a removable vstiii'ener while the section is being set, together with a ,composite filling in the space in the walls and between the air ducts that will harden in a solid mass.

6. In the construction ot buildings ot the class described, the combination with inner and outer walls ot' cast pre-constructed slabs or tiles having inter-engaging tongues and grooves, of prepared sections ot air ducts that areassembled in continuous series in the space between the walls, said sections being placed in horizontal rows, said sections being formed .40. of paper board bent into rectangular form,

one edge being secured to the'body of the section, and each section having a single leaf, each alternate section in every horizontal row ot sections having its leat on the opposite side ot the section, so that a vertical series ot sections will have alternate gaps to allow a continuous space around the leaves, and a soft concrete filling in all the spaces within the walls. v

7. In the construction ot building walls, the combination of inner and outer walls composed of a plurality ot interlocking units, means holding these walls a distance apart, air channels madeup ot leaf-provided sections, one horizontal row ot which have their leaves projecting horizontally from one section to the nextl in the row and adjoining the outer wall, and the next horizontal row ot sections having their leaves projecting horizontally from one section to the next in the row and adjoining the inner wall, and the other rows ot sections all having their leaves. similarly alternately staggered, so that the leaves lie in two vertical parallel planes, to provide continuousF HERMANN J. SCHUBERT.

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