US1731904A - Piston - Google Patents

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Publication number
US1731904A
US1731904A US175646A US17564627A US1731904A US 1731904 A US1731904 A US 1731904A US 175646 A US175646 A US 175646A US 17564627 A US17564627 A US 17564627A US 1731904 A US1731904 A US 1731904A
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Prior art keywords
struts
piston
strut
head
bearing portions
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Expired - Lifetime
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US175646A
Inventor
Adolph L Nelson
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Bohn Aluminum and Brass Corp
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Bohn Aluminum and Brass Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/04—Resilient guiding parts, e.g. skirts, particularly for trunk pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/02—Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion
    • F02F3/025—Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion having circumferentially slotted piston skirts, e.g. T-slots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/02—Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion
    • F02F3/04—Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion having expansion-controlling inserts
    • F02F3/047—Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion having expansion-controlling inserts the inserts being located around the gudgeon pin bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/06—Casting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making
    • Y10T29/49256—Piston making with assembly or composite article making
    • Y10T29/49261—Piston making with assembly or composite article making by composite casting or molding

Definitions

  • YlFhis invention relates to pistons, particularly to pistons tor use in internal coinhus tion engines, and airns to improve the construction and operative results ot such pistons Nll have previously disclosed in my Patent lilo. l,4l38,l82 granted Decernher 5, i922, the use ot relativey inenpansihle struts to over come the ditdculties due to the high rate oit thermal expansion ot certain light-Weight piston materials, such as aluminum alloys.
  • liig. l is an elevation partly in section oit a piston emhodying the invention
  • lllig. 2 is a section on line hun ot llig. l;
  • llig. d is a section on line h--d ot llig. l;
  • Fig. t is a section on line tl-ll ot lli t;
  • lilig., 5 is an enlarged sectional detai shovving a modihed torin ot joint, hetueen the end oit the strut and the hearing portions;
  • lllig. t is a vievv 'siar to liig... 5 shovving ⁇ a turther modihcation... y
  • the piston which is preterahly termed ot light-Weight material, such as an alloy oit aluminum, comprises a head portionand a slrirt ⁇ portion, the latter term applying to the rione lying helovv the head.
  • the piers l0, vvhich depend Itrom the head, are reintorced internally hy rihs ll and ea:- ternally hy a rih l2, and have the piston pin hosses i3 lormed therein. Below the pin hosses the piers connect vvith the horizontal arcuate vvehs 1d, which are joined to the lower circular part l5 ot the shirt. @n op osite sides ot the slrirt and located 90 from t e pin hosses, the semi-cylindrical hearing portions it and l? ertendupwardly from the circular part, l5 ot the shirt. These hearing portions are discontinuous from the ⁇ head and from the upper part of the piersand have hom0. gaseous connections with the piers through tterlal tta.. ltt'nlittt.
  • the circular portion l5 is reinforced at' points directly helovv the opening 2U vvhich lie hetueen the piers and the hearin portions. This reinltorcing may he accornp ished in any convenient inanner as -hy thickening the slnrt at these points to tor-m the pads 2l.
  • lFtiston ring grooves l@ are cnt into the side ot the piston head, the lovvest groove heing positioned so that the slots 19, hetvveen the hearing portions l5 and li' and the head, are located at the hottona ot this groove.
  • the shirt is provided vvith a slotor slots eatending upvvardly trom the lovver end thereozt as at 22.
  • Additional apertures 2li are formed in the strut and the material oit the pier is permitted to idovv through these apertures to strengthen and solidity the pier and assist in holding 4 f y this construction the is positively i held hyi the material ont the pier, the ends ot lill Stili the strut losing merely propped against the hearing portions. This tree joint loetween the struts and hearing portions reduces the.
  • the end of the strut is left straight and merely buts againts the end of the bearing portlons, while in Fig. 5 the end ofthe strut is bent to form an L-shaped foot 28.
  • This construction permits keeping the main parts of the struts spread far enough to suit certain piston designs, and at the same time reduces the effective length of aluminum be'- tween the'ends of the struts, thereby reducing the amount of aluminum expansion that has a bearing onthe resultant skirt expansion.
  • a piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, and a ⁇ pair,
  • a piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses f secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, and a pair of iat, plate-like struts 'of material less eXpansible than the material of the bearing portions, the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends ofthe strut having free surface contact with the bearing portions.
  • a piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, a pair of flat, plate-like struts of material less expansible than the material of the bearing portions, the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contact with the bearing portion, therebeing a connection between the bearing portions and the depending sections in addition to the struts, said connection being designed to carry the bearing portions.
  • a piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, a pair of flat, plate-like struts of material less expansible than the material of the bearing portions, ⁇ the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contact with the bearing portions, the struts being located in the vertical zones of the piston pin bosses.
  • a piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, a pair of Hat, late-like struts of material less expansilble than the material of the bearing portions, the -intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contactwith the bearing portions, the struts being located in the vertical zones of the iston pin bosses and there being aconnection Between the bearing portions and the depending sections in addition to the struts, said connection being designed to carry the bearing portions.
  • a piston comprising a head, piers def pending trom the head, piston pm bosses formed in the'piers, bearing portions formed et light-weight material, a pair .of fla-t, platelike struts of material less expansible than the material et the bearing portions, the intermediat-e portion of each strut being embedded in a pier, the ends of the struts having free contact with the bearing portions, and there being a connection between each bearing portion and each pierl in addition to the struts, said connection being designed to carry the bearing portions.
  • il. .ti piston comprising a head, piers de pending trom the head, piston pin bosses termed in the piers, bearing portions termed ot light-weight material, and a pair et dat, plate-lilxestruts ot material less expansible than the material ot the bearing portions, each strut extending between the bearing pertions and having. its intermediate portion embedded in the material et a pier, the intermediate portion ot the strut being termed with an aperture, the material et extending through the aperture.
  • a piston comprising a head, sections depending trom the head and haring piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions the pier .termed ot light-weight material, and a pair ot struts et material less expansible than the material ot the bearing portions extending between the ⁇ bearing portions, the centers ot contact ot thestruts with a bearing portion being closer together than the longitudinal centers et the struts.
  • l piston comprising a head, a pair ot struts ot relatively ineansible material, a
  • each strut extending between the bearing a portions .and having its intermediate portion embedded in the material of a pier, the strut being formed with a plurality of apertures pin bosses, the skirt being formed with a cir- I cular portion lying below the bosses and with cylinder-bearing.portions extending upwardly from the circular portion, the outer wall of the skirt having openings therethrough between the piers and the cylinder-bearing porv tions, and a horizontal arcuate web extending across the lower end et each pier and crossing the zones of the openings, the circular portioni being connected'to the arcuate webs.
  • A.' piston comprising a headand a skirt, piers depending from the head' and carrying pin bosses, the skirt being termed with a circular portion lying below the bosses and with cylinder-bearing ortions extending up- ⁇ wardly trom the circu ar portion, one et the cylinder-bearing portions being termed with a slot extending upwardly trom the bottom et the piston, the outer wall et the skirt having o enings therethrough between the piers and t e cylinder-bearing portions, and a boriaontal arcuate web extending across the lower end ot each pier anderossing the zones et the openings, the circular portion being connected te the arcuate webs.V i i lt..
  • .il piston comprising a head and a slrirt, piers depending trom the head and carrying pin bosses, the skirt being termed with a cirv cular ortion lying below the bosses and with Mld portion to the

Description

y anonrn n. naar, or nnrnorr, irrcnionn, aesronon. 'ro nenn" aan llt dell
`alli TED TES
u :n what@ ATEN'E Ft Y IN GURPUTIUN, Uh' METMML, ltCHIG-Mll tllttllmllll tonttuuation :tn part at application tlcrtall rta. tithttt, ated uthirty at, that. 'this application ed arch ia, raar.
YlFhis invention relates to pistons, particularly to pistons tor use in internal coinhus tion engines, and airns to improve the construction and operative results ot such pistons Nll have previously disclosed in my Patent lilo. l,4l38,l82 granted Decernher 5, i922, the use ot relativey inenpansihle struts to over come the ditdculties due to the high rate oit thermal expansion ot certain light-Weight piston materials, such as aluminum alloys. l he Apresent invention aims to utilise the principles heretofore disclosed and to produce an improved piston hy the cooperation ot certain novel tentures oit construction hereinafter more hilly set 'torth |llhe presentl application is in part a continuation ot' my application @erial lilo.. l25.,- 339 tiled duly 2h, i926..
ln the drawings, liig. l is an elevation partly in section oit a piston emhodying the invention;
lllig. 2 is a section on line hun ot llig. l;
llig. d is a section on line h--d ot llig. l;
Fig. t is a section on line tl-ll ot lli t;
lilig., 5 is an enlarged sectional detai shovving a modihed torin ot joint, hetueen the end oit the strut and the hearing portions; lllig. t is a vievv 'siar to liig.. 5 shovving `a turther modihcation.. y
Reiterring to the drawings more specifically, the piston, which is preterahly termed ot light-Weight material, such as an alloy oit aluminum, comprises a head portionand a slrirt` portion, the latter term applying to the rione lying helovv the head.
The piers l0, vvhich depend Itrom the head, are reintorced internally hy rihs ll and ea:- ternally hy a rih l2, and have the piston pin hosses i3 lormed therein. Below the pin hosses the piers connect vvith the horizontal arcuate vvehs 1d, which are joined to the lower circular part l5 ot the shirt. @n op osite sides ot the slrirt and located 90 from t e pin hosses, the semi-cylindrical hearing portions it and l? ertendupwardly from the circular part, l5 ot the shirt. These hearing portions are discontinuous from the` head and from the upper part of the piersand have hom0. gaseous connections with the piers through tterlal tta.. ltt'nlittt.
the ring l5 and vvehs lll. The circular portion l5 is reinforced at' points directly helovv the opening 2U vvhich lie hetueen the piers and the hearin portions. This reinltorcing may he accornp ished in any convenient inanner as -hy thickening the slnrt at these points to tor-m the pads 2l.
lFtiston ring grooves l@ are cnt into the side ot the piston head, the lovvest groove heing positioned so that the slots 19, hetvveen the hearing portions l5 and li' and the head, are located at the hottona ot this groove.
The shirt is provided vvith a slotor slots eatending upvvardly trom the lovver end thereozt as at 22.
.di pair ot dat, plate-lilac struts 2d entend hetvveen the hearing portions, the struts heing located above the anis oit the piston pin hosses and having their intermediate portons embedded in the materialA oit the piers. Positioning holes 25, formed in the strut., torna ineanshy vvhich the strut is accurately positioned and positively heldagainst all movement during the operation ot casting. Additional apertures 2li are formed in the strut and the material oit the pier is permitted to idovv through these apertures to strengthen and solidity the pier and assist in holding 4 f y this construction the is positively i held hyi the material ont the pier, the ends ot lill Stili the strut losing merely propped against the hearing portions. This tree joint loetween the struts and hearing portions reduces the.
amount of heat transmitted through the piers andstruts to the hearing portions. As the piston cools after casting the hearing portions tend to contract toward each other, ut the struts hold them out in positlons d osigned to give @min clearance that will prevent piston slap'when the motor is cold,
thereby setting up certain stresses in the bearing portions. As the piston warms up during operation the increase in temperature tends to relieve the stresses, but does not cause the bearing portions to expand away from the struts, as the operating temperatures are never as high as the casting temperature.
y Obviously any suitable joint may be used between l the strut end 'and the bearing por.
tions, the desired result being ajoint in which the bearing portion is merely propped agamst the end of the strut. In the )omt of Fig. 6
the end of the strut is left straight and merely buts againts the end of the bearing portlons, while in Fig. 5 the end ofthe strut is bent to form an L-shaped foot 28.
It will be clear from Fig. 3 that the center of thejoint between the end of the strut and the bearing portion is on the line w-b, and that the lines a-'-b are closer together than the lines o-Z,'thecenter lines of the struts.
This construction permits keeping the main parts of the struts spread far enough to suit certain piston designs, and at the same time reduces the effective length of aluminum be'- tween the'ends of the struts, thereby reducing the amount of aluminum expansion that has a bearing onthe resultant skirt expansion.
1. A piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, and a` pair,
of struts of material lessexpansible than the material of the bearing portions, the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contact with the bearing portions.
2. Apiston'comprising a head, sections de- `pending vfrom the head and having piston-pin bossessecuredthereto,bearingportionsformed of light-'weight material, a pair of struts of material less expansible than the material of the bearing portions, the intermediate portion of each strut being embeddedin a bosscarrying section,the ends of the strut having free surface contact with the `bearing portions, there being a conneetion'between the bearing portions andthe depending sections in addition to the struts, said connection bepending from the head and having piston pin osses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, a pair of struts ofsmaterial less expansible than the material of the bearing portions, the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contact with tlie bearing portions, the struts being located inithe vertical zones ofthe piston pin bosses and there being a connection between the bearing vportions and the depending sections in addition to the struts, said connection being designed to carry the bearing portions.
5. A piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses f secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, and a pair of iat, plate-like struts 'of material less eXpansible than the material of the bearing portions, the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends ofthe strut having free surface contact with the bearing portions.
6. A piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, a pair of flat, plate-like struts of material less expansible than the material of the bearing portions, the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contact with the bearing portion, therebeing a connection between the bearing portions and the depending sections in addition to the struts, said connection being designed to carry the bearing portions.
7. A piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, a pair of flat, plate-like struts of material less expansible than the material of the bearing portions,` the intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contact with the bearing portions, the struts being located in the vertical zones of the piston pin bosses.
' 8. A piston comprising a head, sections depending from the head and having piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions formed of light-weight material, a pair of Hat, late-like struts of material less expansilble than the material of the bearing portions, the -intermediate portion of each strut being embedded in a boss-carrying section, the ends of the strut having free surface contactwith the bearing portions, the struts being located in the vertical zones of the iston pin bosses and there being aconnection Between the bearing portions and the depending sections in addition to the struts, said connection being designed to carry the bearing portions.
lli
dii
tilt
49. A piston comprising a head, piers def pending trom the head, piston pm bosses formed in the'piers, bearing portions formed et light-weight material, a pair .of fla-t, platelike struts of material less expansible than the material et the bearing portions, the intermediat-e portion of each strut being embedded in a pier, the ends of the struts having free contact with the bearing portions, and there being a connection between each bearing portion and each pierl in addition to the struts, said connection being designed to carry the bearing portions.
l0. A pistonromprising' a head, piers-depending trom the head, piston pin bosses termed in the piers, bearmg portions formed ot light-weight material, a pair et dat, platelike struts Vot mateljial -less expansible than the material et the bearin portions, the intermediate portion et eac 'strut being embedded in a pier, the ends et the struts haying tree contact .with the bearing portions, the struts being located in the Vertical planes ot the piston pin bosses, and there be` ing a connection between each bearing portion and each pier in addition te the struts, said connection being designed to carry Ithe bearing portions.
il. .ti piston comprising a head, piers de pending trom the head, piston pin bosses termed in the piers, bearing portions termed ot light-weight material, and a pair et dat, plate-lilxestruts ot material less expansible than the material ot the bearing portions, each strut extending between the bearing pertions and having. its intermediate portion embedded in the material et a pier, the intermediate portion ot the strut being termed with an aperture, the material et extending through the aperture.
12. A piston comprising a head, sections depending trom the head and haring piston pin bosses secured thereto, bearing portions the pier .termed ot light-weight material, and a pair ot struts et material less expansible than the material ot the bearing portions extending between the `bearing portions, the centers ot contact ot thestruts with a bearing portion being closer together than the longitudinal centers et the struts.
t3. l piston comprising a head, a pair ot struts ot relatively ineansible material, a
cylinder bearing portion haring a cast-in titi t I pending trom the titl joint with an end et each strut, the centersl otthe cast-in joints being Icloser together than the longitudinal centers ot the intermediate portion et the struts.f\
il. it piston cemplrising a head, piers deead, piston pin bosses termed in the piers, bearing portions termed ot'light-weight material, and a pair ot dat,
plate-lilre struts" et material less expansible than the material et the bearing portions,
each strut extending between the bearing a portions .and having its intermediate portion embedded in the material of a pier, the strut being formed with a plurality of apertures pin bosses, the skirt being formed with a cir- I cular portion lying below the bosses and with cylinder-bearing.portions extending upwardly from the circular portion, the outer wall of the skirt having openings therethrough between the piers and the cylinder-bearing porv tions, and a horizontal arcuate web extending across the lower end et each pier and crossing the zones of the openings, the circular portioni being connected'to the arcuate webs.
.16. A.' piston comprising a headand a skirt, piers depending from the head' and carrying pin bosses, the skirt being termed with a circular portion lying below the bosses and with cylinder-bearing ortions extending up-` wardly trom the circu ar portion, one et the cylinder-bearing portions being termed with a slot extending upwardly trom the bottom et the piston, the outer wall et the skirt having o enings therethrough between the piers and t e cylinder-bearing portions, and a boriaontal arcuate web extending across the lower end ot each pier anderossing the zones et the openings, the circular portion being connected te the arcuate webs.V i i lt.. .il piston comprising a head and a slrirt, piers depending trom the head and carrying pin bosses, the skirt being termed with a cirv cular ortion lying below the bosses and with Mld portion to the
US175646A 1927-03-16 1927-03-16 Piston Expired - Lifetime US1731904A (en)

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AT (1) AT125074B (en)
CH (2) CH135562A (en)
DE (2) DE539906C (en)
FR (1) FR647844A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2737426A (en) * 1950-09-16 1956-03-06 Sterling Aluminum Products Inc Trunk piston
US2737427A (en) * 1952-08-29 1956-03-06 Sterling Aluminum Products Inc Trunk piston
US2874010A (en) * 1957-03-18 1959-02-17 Sterling Aluminum Products Inc Trunk piston
US5056218A (en) * 1986-11-25 1991-10-15 Izumi Automative Industry Co., Ltd. Method of making a hollow metal piston having elastic strip casted to its skirt
US5285840A (en) * 1991-09-30 1994-02-15 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing piston of internal combustion engine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19935410A1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Pistons, in particular for an internal combustion engine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2737426A (en) * 1950-09-16 1956-03-06 Sterling Aluminum Products Inc Trunk piston
US2737427A (en) * 1952-08-29 1956-03-06 Sterling Aluminum Products Inc Trunk piston
US2874010A (en) * 1957-03-18 1959-02-17 Sterling Aluminum Products Inc Trunk piston
US5056218A (en) * 1986-11-25 1991-10-15 Izumi Automative Industry Co., Ltd. Method of making a hollow metal piston having elastic strip casted to its skirt
US5285840A (en) * 1991-09-30 1994-02-15 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for manufacturing piston of internal combustion engine

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Publication number Publication date
CH135562A (en) 1929-09-30
DE521758C (en) 1931-03-26
AT125074B (en) 1931-10-26
CH137838A (en) 1930-01-31
FR647844A (en) 1928-12-01
DE539906C (en) 1931-12-03
US1732414A (en) 1929-10-22

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