US1727261A - Process of manufacturing cyanides - Google Patents
Process of manufacturing cyanides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1727261A US1727261A US149284A US14928426A US1727261A US 1727261 A US1727261 A US 1727261A US 149284 A US149284 A US 149284A US 14928426 A US14928426 A US 14928426A US 1727261 A US1727261 A US 1727261A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- coke
- cyanides
- heating
- manufacturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 3
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical class N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNLSXXHOHZUADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium cyanide Chemical class [Ba+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] UNLSXXHOHZUADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000758791 Juglandaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Ba+2] CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
- C01C3/002—Synthesis of metal cyanides or metal cyanamides from elementary nitrogen and carbides
Definitions
- My invention relates to improvements in the process of manufacturing cyanides.
- alkali metal or barium cyanides in which nitrogen is caused to act on mixtures of substances containing carbon and oxides or carbonates hf the alkali metals and the barium at elevated temperature the binding of the nitrogen should be effected as rapidly and completely as possible. A rapid binding is obtained if the coal and the metal compound are intimately mixed, the coal has a high degree of activity, and the nitrogen has a ready access to the mixture.
- the object of. the improvements is to provide a process by means of which products answering this condition are obtained and, accordingly, alkali metal and barium cyanides are rapidly and economicallyproduced.
- my invention consists in manufacturing the said products from substances capable of producing highly active coal and having the property of producing a granular product when heated in mixture with alkali metal and barium compounds. A suitable matter of this character is the humic acid.
- Humic acid or alkali metal humates obtained from matter containing humic'acid are mixed with a sufiicient excess of alkali metal or barium oxides or carbonates, and the mixture is heated while continuously removing the gaseous products.
- a granular highly active coke is produced which is rich in alkali. metal or barium.
- the said coke is subjected to the second step of the process, in which it is heated in the nitrogen current at a temperature of about 1000 C.
- suitablecatalysts such for example as iron compounds may be admixed, and I have found that as .compared to processes heretofore in use. small amounts of the catalyst result in a considerable acceleration of the reaction and in an improved yield.
- Free humic acid is found natural mainly in' the form of the so called coal humus which, by reason of its brown colour, is also used as an earth dyestuff known in the trade as brown of Cassel. In some cases the coal humus contains much earth. Therefore I prefer to treat the same with alkali metal carbonate, to separate the solution of alkali metal humate from the earth, andto obtain the alkali metal humate pure while removing the water in a suitable way.
- alkali metal humate being separated and subjected to the above rocess.
- the alkali metal compound can be added to the initial materials in the form of concentrated waste lyes of the industry which are IlCl'l in alkali metal compounds, and
- the material is removed from the drum in the form of a dark brown or black glutinous and doughy material.
- the said material is heated within a rotary oven up to 550 C.
- the suspension is allowed to settle, and the solution is decanted from the sediment formed, whereu on the solution containing the alkali meta humate obtained by the rocess is thickened as far as necessary be ore heating the same. Thereafter the thickened matter containing about 250 kilograms of alkali metal humate is mixed with 20 kilograms of Fe O heated and azotized.
- I claim: 1. The herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises heating matter containing free humic acid in the presence of a. compound of an ⁇ alkali metal and heating the coke thus produced at a temperature of at least about 1000 C. while causin nitr en to act on the same.
- the herein described process of manufacturing cyanides which comprises heatinga mixture of matter containing humic acid in the presence of an alkali metal compound and a suitable carbon carrier, and heatin the coke thus produced at a temperature 0 at least about 1000 C. while causing nitrogen to act on the same.
- the herein described process of manufacturing cyanides which comprises treating matter containing free humic acid in the presenceof water with a suitable alkali metal compound, separating the solution from the solid residue, thickening the solu tion, heating the thickened matter to produce a granular coke therefrom, andheating the coke thus produced at a temperature of at least about 1000 C. in the presence of nitrogen.
- the herein described process of manu- O are finely matter containing humic substances with a basic alkali metal compound, separating therefrom the solid matter, thickening the solution by evaporation, heating the product in the presence of an alkali metal comound to form a coke therefrom, and heatmg the coke thus produced at a temperature of'a-t least about 1000" G. in the presence of nitrogen.
- T e herein described process of manufacturing cyanides which comprises heating I matter containinghumic acid in the presence of an alkali metal compound,and a metal of the iron group as a catalyst, and
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
Patented Sept. 3, 1929.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
HERMANN WIEDEBHOLD, OI FURSTENWALDE-ON-THE-SPREE, GERMANYpA ssIGNon TO THEzFIRM N. V. NEDERLANDSCHE EIJNBOUW EN HANDED MAATSGHAPPIJ,
OF AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS.
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING CYANIDES.
Ho Drawing. Application flled liovember 18, 1926, Serialv No. 149,284, and in Germany December 10, 1925.
My invention relates to improvements in the process of manufacturing cyanides.
In the manufacture of alkali metal or barium cyanides in which nitrogen is caused to act on mixtures of substances containing carbon and oxides or carbonates hf the alkali metals and the barium at elevated temperature the binding of the nitrogen should be effected as rapidly and completely as possible. A rapid binding is obtained if the coal and the metal compound are intimately mixed, the coal has a high degree of activity, and the nitrogen has a ready access to the mixture. The object of. the improvements is to provide a process by means of which products answering this condition are obtained and, accordingly, alkali metal and barium cyanides are rapidly and economicallyproduced. With this object in view my invention consists in manufacturing the said products from substances capable of producing highly active coal and having the property of producing a granular product when heated in mixture with alkali metal and barium compounds. A suitable matter of this character is the humic acid.
Humic acid or alkali metal humates obtained from matter containing humic'acid are mixed with a sufiicient excess of alkali metal or barium oxides or carbonates, and the mixture is heated while continuously removing the gaseous products. Thus a granular highly active coke is produced which is rich in alkali. metal or barium.
Preferably in a separate oven, or in a second chamber of the same oven, the said coke is subjected to the second step of the process, in which it is heated in the nitrogen current at a temperature of about 1000 C.
or more. By reason of the porosity of the granular coke the nitrogen is rapidly absorbed, and the alkali metal or barium oxide is almost completely used up for producing cyanide.
To the initial substance suitablecatalysts such for example as iron compounds may be admixed, and I have found that as .compared to processes heretofore in use. small amounts of the catalyst result in a considerable acceleration of the reaction and in an improved yield.
Free humic acid is found natural mainly in' the form of the so called coal humus which, by reason of its brown colour, is also used as an earth dyestuff known in the trade as brown of Cassel. In some cases the coal humus contains much earth. Therefore I prefer to treat the same with alkali metal carbonate, to separate the solution of alkali metal humate from the earth, andto obtain the alkali metal humate pure while removing the water in a suitable way.
In some cases I break up matter such as peat or certain kinds of brown coal containing much humic matter by alkali metal compounds or by pressure hydrolysis with steam,
in which case free humic acid or alkali metal humates are produced from the humic substances whlch in my opinion are of the nature of anhydrides, the said humic acid or,
alkali metal humate being separated and subjected to the above rocess.
I have found that w en heating the ure alkali metal humates," and more particularly those obtained from coal humus, a material is obtained the binding power of which is so high that a granular porous coke can be obtained even if to the humates other produots containing carbon are added which when heated by themselves do not yield suitable coke. I have discovered that u to about 60% of the said matter can be a ded.
The alkali metal compound can be added to the initial materials in the form of concentrated waste lyes of the industry which are IlCl'l in alkali metal compounds, and
even such lyes may be used which have or is developed. After 10 or 15 minutes the,
material is removed from the drum in the form of a dark brown or black glutinous and doughy material. The said materialis heated within a rotary oven up to 550 C.
After thus heating the matter about 30 or- 40 minutes, a compact coke is obtained the particles of which have the size of peas or drum of a length of 3 meters with 1 he toliter of walnuts. which coke is subjected to the amground and boiled with 150 kilograms of sodium carbonate and water while stirring.
Thereafter the suspension is allowed to settle, and the solution is decanted from the sediment formed, whereu on the solution containing the alkali meta humate obtained by the rocess is thickened as far as necessary be ore heating the same. Thereafter the thickened matter containing about 250 kilograms of alkali metal humate is mixed with 20 kilograms of Fe O heated and azotized.
I claim: 1. The herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises heating matter containing free humic acid in the presence of a. compound of an \alkali metal and heating the coke thus produced at a temperature of at least about 1000 C. while causin nitr en to act on the same.
e herein described process of manufacturingcy'anides, which comprises heating alkali metal humate, and heating the coke thus produced at a temperature of at least about 1000 C. while causing nitrogen to act on the same.
3. The herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises heating matter containing humic acid in the presence of an alkali metal compound toproduce a granular coherent coke, and heating the said coke at a temperature of at least about 1000 C. while causing nitrogen to act on the same. Y
4. The herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises heatinga mixture of matter containing humic acid in the presence of an alkali metal compound and a suitable carbon carrier, and heatin the coke thus produced at a temperature 0 at least about 1000 C. while causing nitrogen to act on the same.
,5. The herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises treating matter containing free humic acid in the presenceof water with a suitable alkali metal compound, separating the solution from the solid residue, thickening the solu tion, heating the thickened matter to produce a granular coke therefrom, andheating the coke thus produced at a temperature of at least about 1000 C. in the presence of nitrogen.
6. The herein described process of manu- O are finely matter containing humic substances with a basic alkali metal compound, separating therefrom the solid matter, thickening the solution by evaporation, heating the product in the presence of an alkali metal comound to form a coke therefrom, and heatmg the coke thus produced at a temperature of'a-t least about 1000" G. in the presence of nitrogen.
7. he herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises heating matter containing humic acid in the presence of alkali metal salts, and a suitable catalyst, and heating the mixture thus produced at a temperature of about 1000 C.
in the resence of nitrogen.
8. T e herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises heating I matter containinghumic acid in the presence of an alkali metal compound,and a metal of the iron group as a catalyst, and
heating the mixture thus produced at a temperature of at least about 1000 the presence of nitrogen. 1
9. The herein described process of manufacturing cyanides, which comprises treating matter containing humic substances with water by heating under pressure, dis-.
solving the formed free humic acid by adding a basic alkali compound, separating from the solution the solid matter, thickening the solution by evaporation, heating the product in the presence of an alkali metal compound to produce coke therefrom, and heating the coke thus produced at a tempefi ature of at least about 1000 C. in the presence of nitrogen.
10. The process of forming cyanogen compounds by causing nitrogen to react with a charge comprising a basic compound of a metal selected from the alkali and alkaline earth metals and carbon produced by the carbonization of a humate.
11. The process of forming cyanogen compounds by causing nitrogen to react with a charge comprising an oxidic compound of metal selected from the alkali and alkaline earth metals and carbon produced by the carbonization of a humate of such a metal.
12. The process of forming cyanogen compounds by causing nitrogen to react with a charge comprising a basic compound of an alkali metal and carbon produced by the carbonization of a humate.
In testimony whereof I hereunto afix my
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1727261X | 1925-12-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1727261A true US1727261A (en) | 1929-09-03 |
Family
ID=7740827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US149284A Expired - Lifetime US1727261A (en) | 1925-12-10 | 1926-11-18 | Process of manufacturing cyanides |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1727261A (en) |
-
1926
- 1926-11-18 US US149284A patent/US1727261A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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