US1727156A - Hammer crusher - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 3, 1929. w. A. BATTEY ET AL 1,727,156 HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Dec. 27, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 3, 1929. w. A. BATTEY ET AL HAMMER CRUSHER Filed D66. 27, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Wm y 6660" Sept. 3, 1929. w. A. BATTEY ET AL 1,727,156

HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Dec. 27, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet I5 Sept. 3, 1929.

w. A. BATTEY ET AL 1,727,156

HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Dec. 27, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Sec/00M Patented Sept 3, 1929.

. UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. BATTEY, 01:

OF PHILADELPHIA,

HAVEEFORD, AND JAMES E. STINE AND GEORGE W. BOBTON, IPENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOBS TO PENNSYLVANIA CBUSHE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

HAMMER CBUSHEB.

Application filed December 27, 1928. Serial No. 682,965.

This invention relates to hammer mills and Crushers, and the principal object ofthe invention is to provide a machine adapted for crushing wet, damp and sticky material, such as wet coal.

The invention further resides in certain novel and useful structural features hereinafter clearly set forth and illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation illustrating a hammer mill made in accordance with our invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2-2, Fig. 1; I

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are, respectively, a fragmentary longitudinal section, plan, and transverse section, illustrating details of the mechanism shown in Figs. 1 and 2;

Figs. 6 and 7 are, respectively, longitudinal and transverse sections illustrating a mod1-' fied form of the invention; and

Figs. 6 and 7 are, respectively, longitudinal and transverse sectional views illustrating another modification of the invention.

The usefulness of hammer mills in crushing or pulverizing wet, damp and sticky ma-' terials has been seriously handicapped by a tendency of these materials to accumulate on the various parts of the mechanism, and 5 particularly on the crushing, breaking and screening surfaces. This has been partlcularly true in crushing or pulverizing wet coal, the wet or damp coal fragments and dust adhering to and blocking up the crushing and 0 screening surfaces and materially curtailing the capacity of the mills. This curtailment in capacity has in some instances been so great as to make the use of the hammer mill commercially impractical.

We have discovered that by using flexible, movable, or vibratory crushing and breaking surfaces in place of the relatively fixed and solid surfaces heretofore employed, we are able to overcome the aforesaid difficulty and prevent the blocking-up of the surfaces by the wet material.

Numerous methods may be employed for obtaining the necessary movable or vibratory characteristic in the crushing, breaking and screening surfaces, and for the purposes of description, we have illustrated in the attached drawings a number of embodiments of the invention which are particularly well adapted for the purpose, although it will be understoodthat we do not limit ourselves to 55 the herein described and illustrated embodiments.

With reference toFigures 1 to 5, inclusive,

we have there illustrated a well known form of hammer mill comprising the usual casing 1, having at the top an intake opening 2 for the entrance of the material to be crushed, the material being conducted from this opening by a suitable guide to the hammers 3, which latter are pivotally mounted in well known manner upon the rotor 4, the inducted materia'lbeing caught by the hammers and thrown violently a ainst a crushing surface mounted on the inside of the top cover liner 5. 1 This crushing surface, which may be termed the rear top crushing surface, instead of as in mills of the usual construction constituting fixed elements, is so constructed as to provide for a movement sufficient to dislodge the wet, damp or sticky material which may tend to adhere in the interstices and to the crushing surfaces. In the. present instance, the said rear top crushing surface consists of a plurality of tensioned chain sections 6 placed close to the top cover liner 5. These chains in the present instance, as most clearly illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, are rigidly fixed at one end to one of the side pieces of the casing by means of bolts 7, and are flexibly held in the opposite side plate of the casing by springs 8. These springs are mounted upon bolts 9 attached to the chains and extending through the said side pieces, and the springs are confined between the side pieces and nuts 10.0n the outer ends of the bolts. By adjusting the nut 10 on the bolt, it will be apparent that the tension of the spring and consequently the tension of the chain may be varied. In the present instance, the projecting ends of each of the bolts 9 and the springs carried thereby are housed within a container 11, which as clearly illustrated have a projection 12 at their inner ends adapted to seat within a suitable recess in the side plate of the casing 1, the container 11 being held to its seat by the pressure of the spring 8, which in this instance is confined between the nuts 10 and the bottom of the spring container 11. Each of the containers 11 also includes a suitable closure member 13. Although we prefer to provide, at least one end of each of the chains which plate which it adjoins.

constitute the crushing surface with a flexi-' It will be apparent that impact of the coal or other material against the chains makes them quiver, which tends to break up and dislodge any sticky bond of the damp or wet material that may have accumulated on or adhered to the chains. It will be noted further that a material advantage in the use of chains is found in the articulated characteristics conferred by the relatively movable individual links which makes possible a maximum vibratory efiect. Also these chains, if placed close enough together, will come in contact with their neighbors on either side, thereby setting up additional vibration and further dislodging the wet or sticky material. Also each chain further tends to be vibrated against the top cover All of these motions tend to free the chains and keep them free from the damp or wet material.

These series of chains form a rough crushing surface which is very desirable in crusher mills, particularly in breaking down and crushing coal. Where tramp iron is met with or other foreign materials, thechains tend to have an individual flexibility which protects them to a considerable extent from breakage, and this individual flexibility is increased by the aforedescribed spring suspension.

Further and analogous uses of chains in crusher mills are illustrated in Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive. In Figures 6 and 7 for example, we have illustrated a mill in which instead of the usual top breaker plate, We employ a corresponding breaking surface consisting of a plurality of chains arranged in parallel.

rows as previously described. In this instance, we illustrate the chains 15 suit-ably suspended across the face of the breaker plate 16. These chains may be suspended in any manner that may be found suitable, such as for example the suspension described in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5. Also in this instance, we have shown the cage or screen 17 as comprising in place of v the usual gratings or cross bars, the parallel rows of chains 18 which are stretched between the side frame members of the cage, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 7, suitable bolts 19, 19, being provided which attach to the opposite ends of the chains and are held in the said side frame pieces 17, 17, by means of nuts 20 at the outside of the latter. In both the cage and breaker plate, the important function of these chains is to prevent the building up and blinding of the surfaces with the wet material, although in addition to this function, they provide an excellent rough surface well adapted for breaking and crushing purposes. I

In Figs. 8 and 9, we have illustrated a further application of the chains to the cage or screen, these chains being designated by the reference numeral 21. In this instance, however, only a portion of the cage designated by the reference numeral 22 has been screened with the said chains 21 whereby an opening is provided at the end of the screened portion which permits the material to fall below the crusher and into the hopper not shown. In this instance, however, we locate opposite the end of the cage a surface 23 built up of chains in the manner previously described and as well illustrated in Fig. 9. The crushed product is kicked off the cage at a tangent by the hammers and is made to impinge against the flexible chain surface 23, after which it passes as previously described to the hopper. The chains 23 by reason of the vibrant characteristic previously described prevent the building up of the wet and damp crushed material on this final crushing surface and maintain its efiiciency at a maximum. Although in this instance we have shown the chains as rigidly fixed in the supporting structure 24, it will be understood that we may utilize the aforedescribed spring or similar flexible suspension if this is desirable.

We claim:

1. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a crushing surface comprising a plurality of chains adapted for coactionwith the hammers in crushing material entering the crusher.

2. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a plurality of chains suspended in said frame and forming a crushing surface, and means for impelling material introduced through said inlet against said surface.

3. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a plurality of chains having resilient connection with said frame and forming in the latter a crushing surface coactive with said hammers.

4. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a plurality of chains each having one end resiliently connected to the frame and forming therein a crushing surface coactive with said hammers.

5. The combination in a hammer crusher, of'a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a plurality of chains suspended in the frame, each having a spring interposed between at least one to have material end and said frame, and said chains formhammers.

6. The combination in a crusher, of a cage, a plurality of chains adjustably suspended in said cage and forming a crushing surface,

and mechanism for impelling a material in against said surface.

7. A crushing surface for crusher mills comprising a plurality of parallel members, each of said-members comprising a plurality of interconnected and independently movable elements.

8. In a hammer mill, the combination with a rotor having pivotally secured thereto a plurality of hammers, and a breaker plate comprising a plurality of chains constituting an abutment against which the material is impelled by said hammers.

9. In a hammer mill, the combination with a rotor having pivotally secured. thereto a plurality of ,hammers, and a plurality of chains constituting a screen over which the said material is conducted by said hammers.

10. In a hammer mill, the combination with a rotor, of a plurality of hammers pivotally mounted in said rotor, a screen adapted conducted thereover by said hammers, and an abutment comprising a plurality of chains located opposite the end of said screen and adapted to receive the material impelled from the end of said screen by the hammers.

11. A crusher comprising a plurality of closely suspended chains forming a crushing surface, and mechanism for impelling a material against said surface.

12. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a crushing surface comprising a plurality of separate and ,independently movable members each composed of a plurality of elements articulated with respect to each other,

and a series of rotary hammers adapted to impel material against and over said surface from the inlet toward the outlet openg. 13. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a crushing surface comprisin individual separate members arranged su stantially parallel to the axis of rotation of said hammers and each composed of a plurality of elements articulated with respect to each other and adapted for continuous limited movement under theaction of material impelled against the sur face by the hammers.

14. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a series of rotary hammers, and a crushing surface comprising a plurality of substantially horizontal separate members adapted for free limited and independent movement under the normal action of material impelled by said hammers and each composed of a plurality of elements articulated with respect to each other.

15. The combination in a hammer crusher, of a frame having inlet and outlet openings, a series of rotary ammers, and a screen comprising a plurality of separate members adapted for independent movement under the normal action of material driven over the screen by said of a plurality of elements articulated with respect to each other.

WILLIAM A. BATTEY. JAMES E. STINE. GEORGE W. BORTON.

hammers and each composed

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