US1720875A - Flexible anchor - Google Patents

Description

July T6, 1929. J. E. ANDERSON 1.720,8 75

. FLEXIBLE ANCHOR Filed Nov. 1, 1926 Elfi CII

Patented July 16, 1929.

UNITEDV STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN E. ANDERSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR 'TO 'ELIBRICO JGIN'ILESS .FIRE- BRIGK COMPANY, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION 0F ILLINOIS.

FLEXIBLE ANCHOR.

Application tiled November 1, 1926. Serial No. 145,466.

This invention relates to securing means, and more particularly to means for anchoring a coating or lining to a wall.

This anchoring means is intended to be 'used in connection with a refractory lining applied to furnaces, such lining having a thickened or overhanging portion and being initially formed of a plastic material. While the anchoring means is intendedV particularly for this use, it can-be used for many other purposes, as will be understood. In applying refractory linings to furnaces in plastic condition it is known to provide anchoring means for securing the lining to the furnace wall as it is formed. In cases Where the lining has to be provided with a thickened or overhanging portion, as frequently occurs, it is necessary under the present practice to provide suitable forms and timbers associated therewith for supporting the overhang of the lining until after it has been thoroughly dried and vitrilied to such an extent as to be self-supporting. This very materially adds te the cost of applying the lining in that considerable time and material are frequently required to construct the forms and supporting means therefor, and these forms and supports instead of being removed from the furnace structure are frequently burnt out and `completely destroyed due to the necessity of thoroughly drying and setting of the lining before removal of the supporting form.

I have found that it is possible to avoid the above noted objections by providing an anchoring member so shaped and constructed as to extend a great distance into the overhanging portion of the lining, beyond the portion thereof of normal thickness. One of the main obj ects of the present invention is, therefore, to construct an anchoring member of much greater etliective length than the ordinary anchoring members now used in conn ection with furnace linings, this member possessing comparatively great strength so to enable it to readily support the overhanging portion of the lining. This anchor member is also of truss construction so as to possess a maximum of strength for a given vweight or amount of material used and, when applied, it completely encloses a portion of the overhang of the wall so as to be very effectively secured thereto. Further objects will be understood from the detailed description.

In the drawing:

Figure l is a fragmentary sectional `view througha furnace wall and a lining having an overhanging 4portion applied thereto, illustrating the application of my anchoring means g Fig. 2 is a fragn'ientary sectional view illustrating on an enlarged scale the connections between the lining anchoring member and'one of the wall anchors; i

Fig. 3 is a perspective view, on an enlarge scale and partly broken away, of one ofthe wall anchors and the lower ond portion of the lower arm of the lining anchoring member;

Fig. 4l is a fragn'ientary horizontal section through the wall and a portion of the lining showing in plan view the adjacent end portions of the wall anchor and the lining anchoring member and the connections between the saine.

My anchoring means is intended to be used in connection with a brick wall l such as is commonly used in furnace construction. A lining i). of refractory material is applied to the inner face of this wall, the particular lining used being, in practice, applied in a plastic condition. rlhis lining includes a lower or body portion 2 of substantially uniform thickness at the upper end of which is a thickened portion or overhang 2l?, the lower face?.c of which is inclined downwardly and outwardly toward the wall l. In view of the tact that the lining 2 applied in a plastic Icondition it has been necessary, heretofore, to provide suitable forms and supporting structures therefor for holding the overhang :2b in position until the wall has been thoroughly dried outand set sutliciently to be self-support-ing. To thoroughly dry the wall out and cause it to set to this extent, it usually necessary to einploy such high temperatures as to destroy the forms and associated structures for supporring the overhang 2l. By providing a suitable anchoring,member which can be embedded in the overhang of the wall during construction thereof, this portion of the wall can be very eiffectually anchored in position without any necessity of employing supporting and associated structures.

In its preferred form, the anchoring member for this lining is of substantially V-shape and of truss construction, this member being formed from a single strip of strap steel or suitable material of proper gauge which is bent into substantially V-shape. The lining supporting member includes an upper horizontal arm 3 and a lowery inclined arm 5 bent transversely adjacent its lower end to provide a horizontally disposed element el. A finger 6 is formed at the apex of the lining anchoring member, this linger extending upwardly at right angles to arm l and being formed by bending the material of which the anchoring member is formed, back upon itself, as clearly illustrated in Fi l. The member thus produced is of truss construction and is of relatively great length so that it extends an apprecia ble distance into theoverhang 2b of the lining 2, with its inclined arm 4 disposed substantially parallel with the inclined surface or shoulder 2 of the overhang i2". lt will be also noted that the material of the overhang of the lining extends between the arms 3 and 5 and completely lills the space bounded thereby, the upwardly extending linger 6 projecting an appreciable distance above the horizontal arm 3 and providing an additional anchoring means. Due to the inclination of arm 5 the stresses to which this arm is subjected, are transmitted substantially longitudinally of the arm, this arm being secured at its ends to the arm 3 and element -l. This provides a structure of great strength which is readily capable of supporting the overhang of the lining.

In practice a number of lining anchoring members are employed, being spaced suitable distances apart depending upon the thickness and extent of the overhang of the lining. These members are anchored to wall l by suitable wall anchors Z of substantially elongated 'Ll-shape, these wall anchors being also formed from strap metal of suitable gauge. The wall anchor 7 is of sutcient length to accommod ate approximately one-half of a brick such as those used in constructing wall l, and to project inwardly a short distance beyond the inner face of the wall. By this means the wall anchors 7 are securely anchored in the wall l and project beyond the inner face thereof with their inner arms 8 disposed vertically. ln practice two wall anchors are used with each lining anchoring member, and are suitably spaced to accord with the height of such members, as illustrated.

As there is very appreciable expansion and contraction of the lining 2 under conditions of use, it is desirable that, connection between the wall anchor members and the lining anchoring members be provided such as will accommodate such expansion and contraction.

Element 4 of arm 5 of the lining anchoring member is provided, adjacent its outer end, with a transversely extending slot 9 formed by slitting the material of the arm and bending the portion thereof defined by the slit downwardly to form a flange l0, the end portion of element il being turned upwardly at right angles to form a second flange 1l. Slot 9 loosely receives arm 8 of anchor T, the slot being of greater length than the width of this arm, as will be clear from Figs. 3 and fl. It is also to be noted that the arm 8 of the wall anchor 7 extends an appreciable distance through the slot in element l and arm 3, arm 3 beine' connected to its cooperating wall anchor in the same manner as element l is connected to its anchor. To permit relative n'iovement between the ends of the arms of the lining anchoring member and the wall anchors, after the lining has been set and vitrilied, I place a suitable packing or filling 2 about the arn'is 8 of the wall anchors and the terminal portion of the arm of the lining anchoring member. This packing may be formed of suitable material which has a relatively great amountof give to it, such as moistened paper, and this material is placed between the lateral edges ot arm 8 and the ends of slot 9 so as to completely enclose and surround the upper portion of arm 8 and the adjacent portions of arm 3 or element al, as the case may be. The packine 12 provides, in effect, a pocket which einrectually prevents entry of the material of the lining about or between the arm 8 and the terminal portion of the corresponding arm of the lining anchoring men'iber. lf the packing l2 is formed of paper or similar combustible material, it will eventually be charred and burned due to the heat to which the lining snbjected thus providing, in fact, a pocket in the lining surrounding the connections between the lining anchoring member and the wall anchor. It is to be understood, however, that asbestos or suitable material may be employed for the packing l2 as well as moi stoned paper. ln either case, the co1nn-\.ct.ions between the terminals of the arms of the lining anchoring member and the wall anchorsI is such that the lining anchoring members are movable vertically and transversely 'of arm 8, these being the directions in which the greatest compera-mts of the expansion and contraction of the lining take place. lt will also be understood that other suitable means may be provided for anchoring the lining anchoring member to the wall so long as proper provision is made for expansion and contraction of the lining.

`While l have illustrated and described .my anchor as used in connection with a furnace structure including a brick wall, by way of example, it rcan also be used equally well with furnace structures employing sheet or cast metal walls. ln such case, suitable means is provided for securing the lining anchors directly to the furnace wall.

l claim:

l. In a furnace construction including a wall and a lining therefor, an anchor member secured in the wall, and an anchor inember embedded in the lining, said lining member being of approximately V-shape with the ends of its arms connected to the wall member for relative movement, the material of the lining enclosing the arms of the wall member and completely filling the space between said arms, the lining and the wall being joined together solely by said anchor members.

2. In a turn-acc construction includin a wall and a lining therefor, an anchor mem er secured in the wall, and an anchor member embedded in the lining and enclosing a prtion thereof, the lining member being connected to the wall member for relative movement and. the wall aud the lining being joined together solely by said anchor members.

In a 'turnace construction including a wall and a lining therefor having an overhanging portion., anchor members secured in the wall, and an anchor member of appreciable height embedded in the overhanging portion oi the lining and connected to the wall members at its top and bottom for relative movement.

l. In a. furnace construction includinga wall and a lining therefor having an overhanging portion, an approximately Vshaped anchor member of open construction embedded in the overhanging portion of the wall lining with its apex disposed away from the wall, and means anchoring the outer ends ot the arms of said member to the wall for relative movement.

5. In a lurnace construction including a wall and a lining therefor having an overhanging portion, an anchor member embedded in the lining and having an upper horizontal arm and a lower inclined arm, said arms being disposed in an approximate V- shape with its apex disposed away from the wall, the arms of said anchor member being anchored to the wall.

G. In a furnace construct-ion includin a wall and a lining therefor, an anchor mem er .of approximately V-shape embedded in the lining with its apex disposed away from the wall, said member having at its apex an angularly disposed finger, and means anchoring the arms ot the anchor member to the wall.

7. ln a furnace construction including a wall and a lining therefor having an overhanging portion, an anchor member of approximately Veshape and open construction embedded in the over-hanging portion of the lining with its apex disposed away from the wall, said member being provided at its apex with an upwardly extending finger, and means anchoring the arms ofthe anchor mem ber to said wall.

8. In anchoring means, an anchoring member of substantially V-shape and of open construction, said member having an angularly disposed linger at its apex, the arms of the anchoring member being adapted for cooperation with means :for anchoring the same to a wall.

9. In anchoring means, an anchoring member having a horizontal arm and an arm disposed at an acute angle thereto, the 'two arms forming an approximate V-sh'ape. said member having an angularlydisposed linger at its apex, and means for anchoring the ends of the arms to a wall. f

l0. In anchoring means, an anchoring member having a horizontal arm and an arm disposed at an acute angle thereto, the two arms forming an approximate V-shape, anchor members adapted to be secured in a 'all, and arm and slot connections between the arms of the anchoring member and the wall anchor members permitting vertical and transverse movement of the anchoring member relative to the wall anchor members.

1l. In anchoring means, an anchoring member having an upper arm and a lower arm disposed in angular relation and adapted to be embedded in a lining, anchor members adapted to be embedded in a retaining wall for the lining. and means for attachingthe outer ends of the arms of the lining anchoring member to the wall anchoring members, said attaching means preventing; movement of the lining anchoring member inwardly away from the wall while permitting relative movement of said lining anchoring member in substantial parallelism to the inner face of the wall.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 29th day of October, 1926,

JOHN E. ANDERSON.

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