US1720319A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Sheets-Sheet 1 Jill? 9 929 v. M. DEAN INTERNAL CQMBUSTION ENGINE med sept. 1e, 1925 ATTORNEY lNvEN when 777.

.'linly' 9, 1929. v. M. DEAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 1925 5 SheetSSheet 2 Filed Sept. 16

IIII/IIII I II III IIIIL l ll IIII.

INVENTOR Y A?, ATTORNE l V. M. DEAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Juy 9, i929.

Filed Sept. 16, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet w/awm ATTO R N EY Juy 9, 192.9.

y v. M. DEAN {IINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 16, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 A/////V A INVENTOR I ATTORNEY f July 9, 1929. v. M. DEAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 16. 1925 lNVE OR BY l ATTORNEY reine.

INTERNALJOMBSTIN ENGINE.

Application ledseptember 16, 1925-.

The ]jiresenlv invention relates to internal eomhuetion engines and particularly lo 1n ul'lni-eyli n der engines.

ln the emivonional engine of the soealled flour stroke eyele type, application o'li power lo lhe oxanlish from eaeh cylinder oeeurs1 during' Soniewlud'J less lhan hall of one revolution duringn two eon'iplelze revolulions;` olI Jrhe. erankshalz.

Among' the, olijeols` of the presienl; invenlion is lio Substantially double the time power .is applied by each eylindi lo the eriimlshalt so that 'for each llwo revolutions o'lt lihe shall'J power is applied dui-inicisubstantially one whole reviiilulfi on Anolfher ohj'eet ie to increase such appli eatioi'i of power while lnafintainiup,` the ad 7antages ol the four stroke cycle type of eng-ine.

kll'ill another objieou is lio suhslialunialljv double the horse power o'l such engines wilhout'` imil'erially increasing the hulk thereof and lo obtain l'he ac'lvantages ol.Z a niullnieyli nder engine without ma .erially inereasing the length or resorting lio a lil-type, arrangement ol` the eylinders.

Yeli another ohjeel. in a nuulti-cylinder engine in4 which lhe pistons are alnrayel in alignment wil'h the cylinders and henoe wear is evenly dielzrlhuljed about the cylinder and pieton with consiequent reduction.

Other ohjeea include the reduclzirin oil noise, in luch engines, lelie iinproveinent in luhriealion1 and Suhelanlial eliniimition ol. the nece. ity for lire/quent :uljuslinenlxs ol' one sorty and another.

llilh these and other objects in View af; will readily oeel'lr l;oil1l'ioSe skilled. in l'he arli, lhe ii'ivenlwion eonsislzs broadly in al double aeling internal combustion engine having; valve mechanism occupyingl a mininuun olf Space and requiring only an initial adjuntnienl'f, and also l wingI means; il`or delivering positively a plenliilful supply ol? oil to all oi. the hearing parte.

l? erenee .should bel made lio the aceoxnpan),Y i drawingie, in which:

Figi. l is a verjliieal Seel'ion Jlirimgli one of The Cylinders and valve n'ieehanisin thereilior.

serial No. meer.

liipg. 2 ,ie an end view of ihe enginer with pai-las removed. u

Fig'. 3 in a eide elevation wilh part in .eee`- tion showing 'the valve meehanifim and the mani'l'olding.

Figa +L lo 8 are enlarged details: of parte oil.' the engine :slururlzure l Fig'. 9 a view o'l. one hall.` ol the Crank case ilfroni l'he inside.

Fig. l() is a diagrannnalie end view olE lihe lnfpe ol eranleihalft uned in l'he engine.

nln the drawings, the crank rane olt the en- `gine indieal'eifl al'y l5 wilnh an oil pan at 1G and lixjiwheel housingl al', 1T. These parte will he euppoil'ed in a suilalile Frame in more or less coineiuional manner. The crank nasse l willj however, he provided with an upwardly eizlendinel portion 1,55 ol? less widlh than (hat portion havingl the Shalt ilse/li; Tliia upper portion in d esigned lio contain guides for erosie head#y 19,

lio he fflesieribed more in4 delai] lalzer.

Cross heads l!) will have pivolaliv connected lherelio lho connecting roda lflfn'hoee lower enllf-i in. turn conneel"4 with 'lzlie iranln-i Qloi Crankshaft E22. It proposed to .insert belnveen l'he cranks 2l and ronnerliiur rods; 9() and also al; lhe main `lieariiipn ol.t Sheila 22, euilalile anti-'friction hearine'ei euch as 'the hall heariirige` S22-l.

To [he uppei.I end olfrrone head lll .if-a eeeureifl a pia'lon rod 25. This; pielon rod L5 exlends up through a Salilfal'ile parliiineg. indieated ai; a whole by numeral 2G. and earrien :in ils upper end a pinion 27 adapled lo he, i'eoiprorated in cylinder 30. The paekingr 2G ie eeeured, in au intermediale lower eylinder head member 8l mounted on lihe upper parl; oil.l l'he eranlc ease l5, while the cylinder 3() in mounl'ed on ille llpper eide oil memlier 3l, there being; an upper head nieniloer 32 Surmounling lhe cylinder.

Pieton 27 will he cloned. al; holih ends as indiemlied and Secured lo pislon rod as; ln,T elampiiuz` ily on a l'aperi-l on said `rod hij n'ieaius "oll a nurr 84; and will he provided with a nel; of peeking ringe alieaeh end and with an oil 2s poove 56 about ils middle he tween the rings.

As thus constructed, each cylinder will have two combustion spaces, one between piston 27 and head 32 and the other between piston 27" and the packing member 2G and each of these spaces will be provided with a suitable ignition device such as a `.spark plug inserted in opening` 37. Further, the cylinder 30 and each of the members 2G and 32 will be water-jacketed as indicated at 38, ln order that piston rod 25 may travel only axially, it is necessary that the side thrust, due to the operation of the connecting rods 20 in conjunction with the crankshaft 22, be taken-.off this piston rod 25 and this is done by the use of the. cross head l!) and its guides. The latter are bearing plates 40 of suitable material set into the part 18 of the crank case and curved laterally and secured in any suitable manner. The cross head 19 is shown in detail in Figs. 5 and (3 and consists of a body portion 4l provided with a boss 42 into which the lower end of piston rod 25 extends and is secured. Portion 41 is also provided with diametrically opposite extensions 43 to which are secured the bearing shoes 44 adapted to slide in guides 40. Further, the body 41 is also provided with bosses 45 in Vwhich are `secured the ends of connecting rod pins (not shown). The shoes 44 are preferably secured to extensions 43 by tapering` the edges of the. latter and nndercutting to form the male portion of the slide while the shoes are correspondingly provided with a female slide. Shoes 44 are then fixed firmly on the slide by'studs 46a and nuts 46.

In order to permit a gas-pressure-tight lower head for the cylinder and vet permit sliding of piston rod 25 therethrough, a packing gland such asis shown enlarged in Fig. 7 is used. ln this ligure, piston rod 25 is'shown aspassing through head 26 and the elements of the gland contained in a waterjacketed inner cylinder or case forming an integral part of the head casting. rl`he lower end of cylinder V5() will project from head 26 and be threaded to receive a gland Ynut 5l which through a spring 52 maintains a pressure on the packing proper. The latter in the form shown consists of three rings 53 of asuitable anti-friction bearing metal each having one ilat end surface and one internal cone shaped surface, together with a similar ring 54 having an external cone surface, and another ring 55 having two external cone surfaces arranged as shown All of these rings will be divided radially into several pieces and ring 55 will be slightly smaller in outside diameter than the others. The end pressure of spring 52 causes the several rings to form a gas tight joint. In addition to the packing rings mentioned there is also another ring 56V `which tits closely around the shaft and lies above the others. This ring will not be divided and will be stopped as shown. lit desired` 'felt or other non-metallic ring 57 may also be used at the lower end of the packing to prevent a too free passage of oil from the packing hack into the crankcase.

The valve mechanism for the engine is illustrated in Figs. 'l to land t-i. Driven from the end of the crankshal't by means ot' a suitable bevel gear (itl is a substantially vertical shaft (il which through other bevel gearing (i2 drives a cam sha l'ttill, located about midway of the cylinders llt). carnving lams adapted to actuate the slide valves lll through the tappets The valves of a vertical pair will be displaced laterally and actuated hy double cams G3 on shaft 623, one valve controllingl a port in one end of a c'irf'linder and tht` other a port in the other end. ln the present. arrangement, as indicated by the iiiziilililtlillg, each pair of valves will consist of two intake valves or two exhaust valves, as the case may be.

The valves themselves are illustrated as pistons adapted to be reci] n'ocaled in water- July 22j, 1925, b v the present applicant.Y 'lhc valves and their cylinders will be. wustl-ucl'- ed as in that alnilication except that the inverted cylinder will be provided with an oil drain G9 leading therefrom into the space 7l) alongside of the crank case extension which space comnninicates with the interior thereof.

As indicated, the cylinders GG will be formed in integral lateral extensions on the, cylinder heads -ll and 32, and the cam sha l`t G3 and tappets (35 mounted in the space between 'these extensions, the shafi't being carried in ball bearings mounted opposite the spaces between cylinders :lll and at the, ends thereof, and the tappels carried in guide blocks 76 secured to the exterior walls olI cylinders 30 between the lam sha lt and the valve cylinders. .Each guide block 7G will consist of a casting having two parallel barrels 77' in which are bushings 7S providing the bearing surface Yl'or the. tappets (S5. lhe latter are cylindrical` and have at one end o each a roller -am follower' 7S). Further, each tappet is provided with a lateral tongue or projection SO adapted to slide in a slot 5l in bushing 7S so that the tappet and therefore the valve lannot rotate, these being lixcd together. Each block 7G is secured against a fiat portion 82 of the outside wall of water jacket 3S of the cylinders by means oll screws 'Ill llt)

'S3 in the holes 8l and 8l", the latter being located .so that a singlescrevv aids in securing two blocks 70.

rllhe chamber containing the cain shaft and tagiipets will be covered in an oil tight inanner by a plate 85, and intake, will overlie the cover as indicated in Fig. rlhe exhaust manifold will preferably consist oit two parteI 150 and 151. connected to the valve portsand may be joined to a common unilllcr pipe, il' desired.`

The intake manifold 1.52 `will lead from a common central inlet 153 to the several intake ports, a carburetor being connected in the usual manner to part 153.

The lubrication ot. the engine is by means ot a pressure system forcing oil under pressure to practically allot the bearing sur laces. ln Fig. 2, there is shown a vertical shaft 90, worin driven from the crank shaft. This shaft 90 carries at its bottom. end a pump 91 and at its upper end directly connected to the distributor (not shown) :tor the ignition system, and is momlted in a vertically extending tube 92 formed as a part oit? the crank case, which tube is con stricted at an intermediate point 93 to provide a bearing for the shaft 90. The shaft; is also provided with suitable bearings 9-/1- at its lower end.

The pump 91 drawn oil from the lower part of the crank case and forces it tllrough pipe 95 to a longitudinal pipe or passage 9G ilormcd in the crank case rom. which it is distributed to the several bearings. Frein passage 9G the oil travels through. passages 97 to the cross heads 19 and packing boxes 2G as shown best in Fig. 1. And, from the cross heads, the oil led to the piston 27 and to each connecting rod bearing. This latter is accomplished by leading the oil from passage 97 to a. groove 98 in one of the cross head bearing slices which groove is long enough to be always open to the short passage connecting` to passage 97. Frein groove 98,- the oil travelsl to the other bearing shoe and up through piston rod 25, which is hollow, to the piston. The oil also passes into passage 99 in the c rounecting rod 20 and so to the crank bearing tlu-u'eil'or. The main bearings :tor the crank sha'lt 22 will be lubricated by passages 1.00 leading from tube 96 directly thereto. rllhese passages 100 will be drilled in the bearing supporting webs.

1n order to lubricate the valve mechanism, avertieal pipe 105 is led from tube 96 to a point adjacent the chamber containing` the cam shalt and into said chamber, being provided with an atoinizing nozzle 106 as indicated in Fig. 1. The oil mist produced thereby lille the valve chamber and lubricales all ol the working parts therein. Seine oit the inist tinds its way up through the upper valve piston Gel and luln'icated the latter, while some passes out into the casing and the manifolds, exhaust 'for gearing G2 and lubricates this. Sonie ol the inist will collect in the bottom oit the chamber and pass through the lower 'alvcs (la: into the spring containing cluunbers` beneath, trom which it drains through tho small drain 107 into the crank cisc. The mist which passes into the housing tor gearing (l2 collects above an oilv retaining ring 108 carried by sl ulit til and drainsf; into tube 92 above I iearing 92E through passage 1.09.

An alteriuitive method oit supplying oil to the cain shaitit chamber will be to lead it from pipe 105 into the chambers above lthe upper value pistons through passages Glt whence it passes through lougit'iidinal passages in these pistons to the chamber below, thus citing all ot the Yalve parts.

Fresh oil is supplied through liller pipe 115 leading into a coredbut chamber 11.0 from which it escapes through the openins 117 and 118 in the walls of tube 92, into the crank Hase.

Fig. 9 ,is a. view, from the. inside, oit half o1 the cranlr case and .shows the location oli certain parts not clearly brought out in the other views. 1n this ligure, the flywheel housing` and therefore the rear ott the engine indicated at 120. The crank. case proper is indicated at and upper extension 18 is shown to be ygrid-like with openings between the upright ribs or bars 121 and 122. Ribs 121 are really extensions ot webs 123 extending across the case and :furnishing support :lor the main bearings which will be supported in. the bearing caps 121. (Only one-haljl oit. each bearing support 'is shown except o't' the center one. 1n this case the under part is shown for clarity.) Ribs 122 are supported by webs 128 at the bottom and. carry the cross head guide plates ll0.

In. the complete engine, the space on either side ot the extension 18 will. be covered by the plates 18 which extend vl'roin the upper part of the extension down to the crank case 15 and cover 'the openings between ribs 121. and 122, a gasket being used, i't' necessaryp.` to .make this cover oil-tight.

At 1.30 is shown one-halt ot" the support:-

tor the lower bearing itfor sha'tt (51, and it should be remarked that the tube 92 and pump shaft are located across troni shaitit 61 in the :trent ol case 15.

In Fig. 10 there is indicated the type ot crankshaft that used in the engine. 'lhis is a 90 degree liour-throw shaft with the 'tour throws arranged epirally, tl'iat is, when the l'irst throw is vertical, the second will be 90 degrees ahead; the third, also vertical but opposite; and the fourth 90 degrees behind the first. ln other words, the lour throws 201, 202, 208 and 204 will be at the Ltour quadraiits ott the circle and iu order 201 to 2011-.

Having now described the `invention and lateral'extensions and adapted to actuateV said valves, and means to enclose said space to form an oil-tight chamber for said shaft and valve parts and means to supply oil in the form of an oil mist to said chamber.

2. A double acting internal combustion engine cylinder havingr at each end thereof a lateral extension with a valve cylinder therein, valves in said valve cylinders, a cam shaft located in the space between said lateral extensions and adapted. to acinale. said valves, means to enclos-e said space to forni an oil-tight chamber .for said sbai't and valve parts7 and means to supply lubricant in the form of' an oil mist to said chamber.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a plu ality of vertically arranged double aciing cylinders, ports in each end of each cylinder', the ports opening to the same side oi the cylinders, vertically arranged piston valves for said ports, and a single cam shalt arranged between the upper and lower valves for actuating the said valves.

VERNON M. DEAN. I

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