US1720245A - Mixing device - Google Patents

Description

July9, 1929. WSMWH 1,720,245

MIXING DEVICE Filed April 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet l 10717@ ZUI/'ZZIam Brit/Zit INVENTOR WmSSMw/M M0@ ATTORNEY J. W. SMITH MIXING DEVICE July 9, 1929.

' Filed April 2.9, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet if E n D V kyk y WITNESS 9% imam INVENTOR July 9, 1929. J, w, sMrrH 1.720.245

MIXING DEVICE g I l g 5 g 5 g i 0071/11/ william Gini??? INVENTOR Patented July 9, 1929.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN \VILLIAM SMITH, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

MIXING Application led April 29,

The present. improvements while adapted for being used in the admixturing of various gases with each other and various liquids with each other, and also one or more gases with one or more liquids, are herein illustrated as being specially arranged and adapted for use in charging air with liquid fuel (usually in spray form) and bringing the said fuel to a highly comminuted condition and also intimatel inter-associating the said comminuted fue with and uniformly throughout t-he air.

A leading object of the present improvements is to provide fuel-charged-air of the highly conditioned character described, for

economically operating furnaces as, for instance, in the manufacture or working of steel or other metals and for operating oil or gas engines most advantageously. A further object is to provide an etiicient system and an arrangement of apparatus for mixing or blending two or more gases or two or more liquids as required for practically attaining maximum efficiencies and economies when employed in various industries.

In this connection, it will be remembered that serious losses of fuel are incurred through the common practice of using air in excessive quantities and thereby reducing the intensity and completeness of combustion; besides occupying valuable space and carrying olf much heat and thus resulting in an unnecessary waste of fuel.

For accomplishing the said results, the improved apparatus hereinafter described is shown as being specially organized and equipped for subjecting a stream of the charged air while forwardly-floiving in a conduit, to a` succession of progressive conditioning treatments, each involving a complex of actions and forces, whereby the stream is repeatedly formed, diverted, reformed, reversely shifted, and the materials thereof reblended during its fiowage; while at. the same time the uncomminuted or heavier bodies, as globules or molecules, are subjected to a repeated and forcible impactive and disintegrati ve dispersive treatment whereby to effectively inter-associate all of the materials coniprised in the forwardly flowing stream for Ythereby averaging the distribution in this stream of all the materials thereof in a highly uniform manner.

Further objects and advantages and devices for accomplishing the same are herein- DEVICE.

1926. Serial No. 105,610.

after described and explained in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is an elevation showing the present invention as arranged in an apparatus having a columnar formation, and enclosing a single and transversely non-curved conduit Channel between two fiat walls, F and B, respectively. This view (Fig. 1) shows the wallB as having a mid-length portion, between points 5 and 5', broken away for exhibiting certain of the interior details which are more fully illustrated in succeeding views.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the middle line 2-2 of Fig. 1 and shows the right-hand portion of the construction in Fig. 1, as seen from the left-hand thereof. In these views, 1 and 2), the conduit (comprising the aforesaid walls F and B) is shown of a short length, but, in practice, it may be made of any length required; in this view (Fig. 2) the several merge-chambers, as f, b, are shown in end-view and of a trinangular form, and are also here shown arranged in two series which are reversely positioned, being located one series along each said wall, respectively, as hereinafter more fully explained.

Fig. 3 is a plan View, drawn below and in alinement with Fig. 1, and shows that portion of the apparatus below the line 3&3, (Fig. 1), so that the conduit walls, F and B, are here shown in section, while the parts above said line 3 3 are omitted; this view also shows, as seen from above in Figs. 1 and 2, the positions of a series of interceptor blades, these being indicated in edge-view thereof at 14, Fig. 2, and in Fig. 1 as being seen. from the right-hand in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the conduit at line 4 4, (Figs. 1 and 2), and shows the positions, as seen from above, of the series of intercepter blades indicated in edge-view at 12, Fig. 2, and in Fig. 1 as being seen from the ri ght-hand in Fig. 2 the said series of interceptor blades 12 are here shown reverselypositioned relatively to the walls F and B, as compared with said next-following and lower series 14, the upper said series 14 being appartenant to wall B while the lower said series 12 are appurtenant to the opposite channel-wall F, and these two series, eac-h acting as a wing-stream-forming partition, departmentize the channel C for the forming between them of the merge-chambers, all as hereinafter more fully explained. To facilitate comparison, Fig. i has been placed at the left-hand of and in line with Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 illustrates by a sectional elevation, a modification and extension of the columna-r arrangement of Figs. 1 and 2, whereby a single stream may be carried and continuously treated through a series of channels; and

Fig. 6 represents a modified structural arrangement as seen in cross-section, of the plurality of columns, or conduit members illustrated in Fig.' 5,`and

Fig. 7 illustrates by a sectional elevation, how the apparatus ofFigs. 1 and 2 may be extended to form an organization having a plurality of channels, or a multiple channel, all operating concurrently on separate portions of the materials supplied thereto thro-ugh a single inlet at the base of the apparatus; and- Fig. S illustrates, by a cross-sectional view, how a plurality of conduits of the character shownby Figs. 1 to i, inclusive, may be assembled into a group, and be operable for use each singly, or concurrently as in Fig. 7; these foui views, Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive represent further improvements intended to constitute subject matter in separate applications, but they are hereinafter more fully, though briefly explained, since they embody features and combinations herein described and claimed.

Figs. 9 to 27, inclusive, illustrate, chiefly in a diagrammatic manner, a series of structural features and arrangements, aiid also certain modifications and devices, which are adaptable to the purposes of the present invention,

y and are hereinafter further described or eziplained. y

For convenience of illustration and description, the several conduit columns have been illustrated in t-he drawings as being located in vertical positions; in practice, however, any one of these conduits may be arranged for being used not only in a vertical position, but may-also be adapted and readily connected for being used in a horizontal or inclined position, whenever such a change may be found necessary or more desirable. In any such instance, the conduit column may be provided with, or be used in connection With some suitable supporting means or devices, such as are well known and commonly employed for many analogous purposes in various industrial or other establishments; for these reasons it has been deemed to be unnecessary to herein more fully describe the said variations in the positioning of the conduit column. In this` connection it is to be noted that the conduit columns may any of them be made of such sizes, both as to length and cross-sectional dimensions as shall be suitable for the service and capacity found to be lneedful in any particular instance. Therefore, in practice, the conduit column and the details and accessories t-hereof and therefor may be of small dimensions when the apparatus is constructed for work requiring the treatment of only small velun'ies, and may be of large dimensions when employed for treating large volumes of the materials, as for instance, when proportioned for admiXt-uring large volumes of gases, or for blending large quantities of liquids.

One of the leading features of the present apparatus when constructed as shown in Figs. 1 to et, inclusive, relates to the conduit column and its enclosed stream channel, and to a construction thereof whereby the stream is guided in its flow-age and while under an active interblending treatment by and between two symmetrically and oppositely disposed channel walls, as F and B, which are relatively near each other and which, as seen in the cross-sectional view Fig 3, may have a noncurved foi'mation or, as seen in the cross-s y tional View Fig. 25, may have the curved formation. And when the column shall be `constructed in either one of tho-se forms, it may have such a size and proportion, as to channel space and width or other dimensions, as may be required for obtaining a desired capacity.

A further feature, and one which is common to the said curved and non-curved column formations, is the forming of said conduit channel into a. series of 'communicating chambers, j", Z), herein, for convenience designated as merge-chambers, by means of two series of transverse members or partitioning walls or devices, as 12 and 14 (Fig. the members of one series, 12, being located in alternation and oppositely disposed in the conduit channel. relatively to the members of the other said series, 14, this organization is shown cleaily in Fig. 2, and is further explained in connection with Fig. 16.

Said chamber-forming walls, or partitions, when comprising a series of blades, as 1Q', 14, (see Figs. 3, 4, 17 and 2O to 27), located for coaction in any single row of them, constitutes a device which may be designated as a streamtreating dispersive-interceptor. In practice, the plain triangular form having all the blades in one plane, as shown in 1, 3 and 4, is regarded as being generally suiiicient, and being simple to delineate, has been shown in several of the other views. In Fig. 25, however, a modified and further improved form and arrangement is shown, andis adaptable foi use in place of said simpler form, whenever desired, and by properly proportioning the detail features thereof, may be used equally well in conduit channels of the curved cross-sectional form similarly as in Fig. 25, or of the non-curved form of Figs. 1 and Q, or of Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive.

In Fig. 24, an important further improvementis shown by the lateral inclinations of the blades, 16, 1G', these being disposed as shown at an angle sufficient, under the upflow stream-pressure in the conduit channel, to produce a lateral trend, and movement, in

llt)

such portions of the stream of materials as come with an impaetive torce against these inclined lower-surfaces ot the blades. This improvement constitutes in part the subjectinatter in another application which is intended to be copending herewith.

The herein described transverselynoncurved torni ot the conduit and its streamcliannel has the advantage of being readily adaptable 'for a variety ot' columnar arrangement-s, or systems of. apparatus, especially where duplicate channels are required, or a plurality ot' them are arranged side by side as continuations for a single stream. One arrangen'lent ot' the latter class is shown in the sectional side elevation in Fig. 5, and consists of three channel-lengths connected as shown and operating as a plural but continuous conduit for a single stream. The air, or other gas or fluid, entering at the right-hand side, at 15, flows up through the column 16, thence passes into the top of, and down through the middle column 17, and then enters the lower end 18, of the third and final up-take column 19, to be discharged at 20. lVhere air or a gas is thus treated; one oil-supply may be supplied by a jet, Q1, at the entrance to said iirst column, 16, and a second, and different liquid may be charged into the stream by a jet, as 22, located at the base of said tinal column 19. Also, any globules not readily comminuted may be collected and drained out at 23, at the lower end of a down-flowing stream which is there turned to flow reversely.

1t will be evident that the arrangement illustrated in said Fig. and others analogous thereto may be varied in size and proportion, tor adapting the same` to a wide range oi special situations and requirements. It will be noticed that in Fig. 5 there are small spaces, at 24, and 2", between the columns, and that these columns, when oi the transversely long and narrow form as in Figs. 3 and 4L, may thus be arranged ina compact manner, and so occupy a relatively small space in proportion to their aggregate capacity. A further compacting of this group of columns,

` can be made by the method shown in Fig. 6,

by using only a single wall between two streamchannels, these being designated by reference characters 24 and 25 in harmony with Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation showing diagrammatic-ally a three-channel formation ar ranged for using the said channels each for treating a portion only of the I'naterials supplied thereto irom one inlet-pipe, as 26, and the single liquid jet device at 27; eachsaid channel discharging into a discl'iarge-pipe, as 28, and thus in operation they may be said to be coactive and concurrent.

A further development of this multi-channel system is diagrammatically shown by the cross-sectional View` Fig. 8 where four ot the said channel-conduits are arranged in a simple manner to form a hollow square. In practice, this arrangement has the advantage, es pecially when the columns are vertical, o

'giving a direct access to a long side, or to one side-wall, oiteach said conduit. Though not herein so shown, it is intended that these channel-conduit walls shall be, in usual practice, made separate and removably secured together, thus (in this square-torni arrangement), giving full accessibility, for inspection, repairs, or other purposes, to any one ot' the conduits and their details, without iutertering with the others comprised in the columnar formation. One of said channels (F ig. S) has the two walls thereof designated by F and B, respectively, thus making this sectional view thereof comparable with Figs. 3 and Ll.

The aforesaid arrangements indicated brieliy in Figs. 5 to S inclusive, are not fully illustrated or described in detail herein, since each of them constitutes in part the subject-matter vfor a separate application which is intended to be copending with this present application, and to which reference may be had. It should be noted, however, that in any oit the columnar forma-tions herein disclosed or shown, any one or more of the channels may be provided with any one of the kinds or specific forms, of the chamber-forming and inter-blending devices indicated herein by Figs. 9 to 27, inclusive, and the descriptions thereof; also, that other suitable forms otI these devices may be employed, when having the described mode ot operation and functions, and adapted for treating the flowing materials in substantially the manner, or tor the purposes herein indicated or set forth.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, these views illustrate in a simple manner, the construction of one preferred form, oi embodiment, of the present invention. The conduit column, comprises the two channel-walls, F and B, these having angularly-disposed edge-walls, 29, 30, provided with flanges 31, 31, and 32, 32, whereby the walls may be releasably held together by bolts (not shown) such as conimonly use'd for analogous purposes. The column is shown provided with a base-flange, 33, setting on a base-trame 34, and with a top-Flange, 35, upon which is supporteda cap, 36, having the discharge pipe 37. Said base-frame, 34, has a supply-pipe, 38, which discharges into the lower end of the column channel, as clearly shown at 39, Fig. 2; the

air-supply, or other tlowable material to be It will be noted that in the improvements,

as thus far herein described, and wherever seetionally indicated in Figs. 1 to 16, inclusive), the stream-channel is regarded as being divided into compartments constituting two series of merging chambers, these being positioned respectively in alternation along the length of and within the channel, and having the chambers of one series reversely positioned relatively to the walls of the channel; also, that said chambers are, or may be in each said series, similar in form and proportion, and in their lengths transversely of the channel, and in their mode of action and effects as regards stream-control and the interblending forces and their modes of action.

In Figs. 2 and 16, the merge-chambers are shown of the simple form produced by the positioning of the several partition plates, as 12, 14, on equal angles, and in alternately reverse positions, respectively, relatively to the walls, F, B, of the cond-uit column. For instance, the partition plate, 14, is shown cxtending from and as being appurtenant to, the right-hand wall B and forwardly at an angle of about thirty degrees from the horizontal, while the next following said plate, 12, extends from, and has the same angle relative to the lefthand wall F, thereby forming, with the wall-surface F, the three chambers-enclosing members. Thus the several said chambers are here shown (as to the end-view form thereof) as having` the interior or cross-sectional space thereof, in the form, substantially, of an equilateral triangle. This construction, while regarded as sufficient and desirable for a variety of purposes or uses, may be modilied in form and proportion in accorda-nce with the requirements as these may arise in practice. A series of such modifications and further improvements are illustrated in the drawings, and in some instances are adapted for use in the forms of apparatus herein illustrated.

For the purpose of more clearly setting forth and explaining the structural nature and the functioning of the conduit channels and their interior equipment, aseries of views including Figs. 9 to Q4,have been arranged for illustrating, in a comparative and progressive manner, a succession of improvements through which the more complete development illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, is practically attained. The several cross-channel walls, or plates, as 12, 14, each operate to shift, or crowd, the stream away from them, and thus the VVstream is shifted back and forth as regards its passage along the conduit channel. This is shown, or indicated (but in an obvious manner) by vthe wave-line, as 43, Fig. 9; and by a similarly curved line so designated in other views.

Said wave-line 43 may also be designated as a mld-stream flowhne; and as indicating the path, approximately, of the mid-Zone of the stream; however, this interpretation of the line 43, and of the forces involved therewith, are not here fully explained, but should be considered in connection with the more extended explanations hereinafter given regarding the interblending process and actions, as performed in or by the aid of the merge-chambers, and the dispersiveinterceptors.

In practice, t-he exact form, and also to some extent the position of this mid-flow line, 43, will be varied somewhat by variations in the velocity of the stream, and in the weight of the component materials thereof, andwhether these are gaseous or fluid. In Fig. 16, said mid-How line 43 is accompanied at y44by a group of small arrows intended to indicate or suggest by their lengths and dispositions, the manner or nature, approximately, of the varying owages within, and from one to another of the successive merging-chambers, as b, f and Referring to Fig. 1G, as above described, it will be seen that inv each of the said succes sive and reversely positioned chambers, the whole stream is acted upon in a plurality of complex ways, this action comprising several factors, and being reversed at each successive interceptor,-these forming chambervalls, so that the whole stream and all the materials thereof, is re-treated by those complex actions in each said chamber. By comparing Fig. 16 with the other sectional views, it will be obvious how the interceptors are also diffusers, and how they may be extended from a wall of the conduit, inwardly and forwardly, in an alternating series. In these views each of the said interceptors and the proportional extent of the interceptor faces is gradually reduced from a full-width, as at 45 of Fig. 17, to a narrow point, or apex, as 46, which extends to a point near to the opposite wallF, of the conduit. These features may also, as herein shown, be proportioned for carrying the medial lineof the stream-areas, to a Vpoint well beyond a mid-line of the conduit, andthereby provide a meansy for shifting the stream-flow, (considered as a whole), first toward one said wall, and then, reversely, toward the opposite wall, and thereby favorably modify the otherwise normal flowages within, and of portions of, the total streams.

As more clearly indicated in Fig. 9, a cyelonal whirl is normally formed by the outer portion of the stream heilig driven aga-inst or intercepted bythe lower. or irnpactive, surface, as 47, of the cross-wall, 14', thereby violently agitating the flow in the corner-space between said surface 47 and the chamber-face of the channel-wall at 48, and so producing at that position a local interblending flowage for thereby re-lolending in lll) lill) a continuing manner a portion of the materials comprised in the main-stream as these are brought into the chamber. rIhis operation being repeated at each ofthe said cross-walls, tirst on one side and then on the other side of the chanibers, and heilig performed in connection with the described diversion of the stream (as shown by said wave-line path 43) very materially varies the otherwise normal flowage of the stream, and produces a continuous interblending, to a moderate degree, of the materials comprised therein.

In Fig. 12, the alternate interceptors, 12', in this instance, all those extending from the left wall, F, oil the channel, are shifted to an inclined position, and all are so shifted in the same direction; a reversal (which may be adopted whenever more convenient) of this specitic arrangement as to relative locations, is shown in Fig. 19. In practice, however, and for obtaining a more highly developed resultant organization of the eonduit as a whole, the series of said interceptors appurtaining to one channel Wall, may be shifted in an alternating manner, one-half of them forwardly-inclined, and the other half of them baclnvardly inclined, relatively to the stream-flow direction. This alternating arrangement is clearly indicated .in Fig. 123, (a nd, is further shown in Fig. 19), ,in which the intervening intereeptors, these being appurtenant, in this instance, to the `right wall B, remain unshifted, and thus appear in Fig. 13 in the same positions as in Fig. 12, in this position, which is deemed to be preferable, these interceptors, as 14, 14 and 1st, are positioned at right angles, or nearly so, to the inner surface, L19, of said right-wall, B. The interceptors extending from the left wall F of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 13 are designated 50 and 51 respectively, the interceptors 5() being those which incline forwardly in the direction of the stream flowage and the. interceptors 51 inclined in a direction opposite to the stream flowage. v

In Figs. 9, 12, and 13, just described, as well as Figsf 2. 11, 15, 1G and 19, there is illustrated a series of channel partitioning walls positioned on reverse angles alternately so that. in relation to one wall as F, a partition extending therefrom acts to force the stream to flow toward the opposite wall, as B, and the next succeeding partitionextending from the wall B being reversely inclined in and relatively to thelength of the channel, acts to torce the stream away from said channel wall B.

The movement of the stream passing through the channel and particularly its average curved form, designated generally lnv the dotted line 43, will depend upon the inclination of the interceptors one to another and the location of the interceptors one to another. The inclination of the intereeptors 52 and 53, of Fig. 14, is similar to the inclination of the interceptors 12 and 11 of Fig. 2 but are shorter and spaced a greater distance apart. In Fig. 16, as distinguished from Fig. 14, the interceptors 54 and form a sharper angle with the channel walls B and F and are spaced a. greater distance apart. In Fig. 15, as distinguished from Fig. 14, the interceptors 56 form the same angle with the wall F that is formed by the interceptors with the wall F of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 14, but the intereeptors 57 form a sharper angle with the wall B of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. than the angle formed by the interceptors 53 with the wall B of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1&1. Furthermore, the interceptors 56 and 57 are spaced a greater distance apart, as compared to the distance between the successive interceptors 52 and 53.

In Figs. 19 and 11, there is illustrated an embodiment in which the interceptors 5S and 59 extend at right angles from the walls F and B respectively, but have a greater length than the interceptors illustrated in Fig. 9 and have a serrated edge, as illustrated in Fig. 10, in which the edges of successive interceptors 58 and 59 substantially aline with one another.

In Fig. 17, as distinguished from Fig. 10, there is illustrated an embodiment in which the serrated edges or toothed edges 60 and 61 of the successive interceptors are spaced from one another. y

In Fig. 18, there is diagrammatically illustrated an interceptor having blade members of different length, preferably having the shortest blade 62 at one end and the longest blade 64 at the other end and the intermediate blade, as for instance the blade G3, in between and graduating from the shortest up to the longest.

This organization of admixturing apparatus, as will now be evident from the drawings and the descriptions thereof), comprises as a primary feature thereof, a series of chambers which are each enclosed by walls, and which each have in one said wall an in-flow area, or stream-admission opening, and each have in another said. wall thereof an out-flow area or opening for a chamber-mass depleting stream.

The materials being supplied in a continuing manner, upon entering a chamber, throughthe said in-iow area thereof, immediately combine, and with a continuing interflowage, with a merge-mass then filling said chamber, this merge-mass being at the same time depleted by an equal quantity out through said out-flow area of the other said chamber wall.

The stream` while continuous in some respects. is subjected at each chamber to a transforming process, and this is done by the aid of a merging operation whereby the materials of the successive transformation are so shifted that each succeeding stream portion contains, at any one moment, materials of a different selection, or identity of content, from that of the preceding stream portion at any time.

In this process the material in flowing as one stream becomes incorporated in the chamber with a confined mass undergoing` accretion and depletion, and from this mass, while in a state of active merging and inter-flowage, a different and newly-formed stream of material is passing out of the chamber. Thus the stream which so iii-flows adds its inaterials, in whatever proportion these may be at a given moment, to the mass then in the chamber, while at that moment the out-flowing stream is composed of materials previously subjected to the said kind of unifying inter-flowage; and, in this manner, variations of the admixture of materials as supplied by said inowing stream, are subjected to a quan titative-averaging and unifying process and finally pass out of the chamber in a stream having a different degree of variation in the ratio or ratios of the component materials thereof; and, in this process of reducing to an average the said ratio-variations continues throughout the series of connected and coacting chambers.

The stream of materials being forced in an in-fiow stream into a merge-chainber (as Fig. 1i6) at a position near one side of this chamber, (as at 65, near to wall F), is therein diffused and diverted by flowages having varying directions and velocities, so thatone portion of the material so entering said chamber is normally directed toward the out-flow passage, (as at 66, near to the wall B), at a side of said chamber opposite to said inflow stream While another portion of said inflowed material is simultaneously directed to a cham ber-zone, (here indicated at 67, and which is non-contiguous to either said iii-flow stream or out-flow stream) and there subjected to a continuing complex intel-blending by al retarded flowage. This flowage, owing to the said relative positions and modes of action, as just pointed out, normally has a rate 0f movement in said zone 67, less than the velocity of either of the said iii-flow and outflow streams, and this results in a re-distributing of the said materials while in and passing through. the chamber; and, as a further re-v sult of this dispersing of said materials, the out-flow stream is formed from, or supplied by, material of which one portion comes rela-- tively directly from the iii-flow stream, and another portion being drawn from material already' accumulated in the chamber by the said retarded flowage thereof. Thus, in a continuous process of volumetric re-associating, portions of the materials are detained or set back relatively to other portions, at each stage of the treatment thereof, in the successive inerge-cliambers, respectively; so that a given stream-content at, or in any, one said stage is radically changed in the stream flowing into a next succeeding chamber.

From the foregoing explanations, it will now be evident that the materials contained in the series of chambers, (these being connected substantially as set forth), constitute a single and extended stream which during its forward flowage, and at successiie positions in the path theieof, is subjected to a complex treatment that is applied, at each of said successive positions, to the entire content of the stream. And, owing to the described progressive and quantitative averaging of the said ratio-variations, (this proceduie being carried on simultaneously at all the merging-chambers of the series, and under decreasing pressure from the initial to the final chamber of said series), it follows that any group of content units which may be associated as the mass being treated at any one moment in the operations at, and within any one of said chambers, is thereby permanently broken up, so that in the treatment of the stream at each said succeeding chamber is applied to a mass of material which, as to the group of content units thereof, is di fterent from any mass found elsewhere at any moment in the series of chambers. Thus it may be said, that while the operation as performed at any one chamber is essentially an original one as to the material and the content-units thereof, and is not elsewhere duplicated in the series, nevertheless, in its mode of action, each said chamber coacts directly with the chambers immediately preceding and following, and through these with all the other chambers of the series.

In the plane, or main-stream cross-section al outline through which the stream passes and is shaped thereby, there is a progressive increase of the rate and volume of the flowage, this beginning at a Zero quantity at the points of the sub-stream or wing streams, and having a relatively high velocity (or rate) of How in, or at, the major-Zone portion of said fusing stream-section. This main-stream forming and delivery is effected as a continually and a newly-produced result, at each of said stream-ways, and intermediate to each pair thereof,the entire material of the niain-stieam passes through a. stage, or pi'ocess, of diffusion, intermerging and reformation that is intricate and complex in its character and inteiflowages, but is completed in each said chamber as regards the stream that is flowing therefrom; so that these operations as effective in any one said chamber, do not extend in a coactive manner into, or take direct part in the operations of the next follovh ing said chamber.

The combination of materials entering the first chamber in a given unit of time, and as- Cil suming the rate of in-tlow to be regular, will vary in proportion in accordance with the degree of uniformity in the initial mixing thereof. For instance, should the admiXture of two materials have, as a quantitative average, a ratio of nine parts of the major component to one part of the minor component, but have the initial distribution of the latter varying from a ratio of one-half .to nine and one-half at one time, to a ratio of one andone-halt to eight and one-half, there would be required a progressive averaging sufficient' to make the mixture of a uniform ratio of one to nine.

In this connection, it will be remembered that a well known phenomenon in the flowing of gases and liquids through conduits therefor, is the formation of a smaller and more rapid stream iiowing through the slower moving mass of the main stream. This un equal rate of flow-age may readily occur in conduits of various sizes, lengths and proportions, and especially when t-heconduit (as a chimney, pipe or flue) has a cross-sectional form of small dimension in one direction and in a direction transverse thereto has a much larger dimension. The latter condition appertains to the form of annular channel here,- in illustrated, as will be evident from the drawings. For instance in Fig. Q5, the thickness of the channel is indicated by the short radial line GS, whereas the transverse length of the channel, measured in a circle midway between the side faces F and B', is fully twelve times great as the length of said radial line GS. Thus, in practice, it becomes possible (especially in view of well-known instances of the class above noted) for the rip-flowing stream to have, on one side of the. conduit, a different rate of flowage, and also a different character of admixture, than on the other side thereof.

These results are overcome, or prevented, in the present system by the use of a construction and organization of the streamtreating blades shown in Fig. Q4 (or of a sufficient number ot them) whereby the blades, as 69. 69, have transversely thereof an inclined position, the angle, or pitch and the proportions thereof being suHicient for imparting to the material up-'Howing against and between them, a trend and lowage movement laterally within the conduit channel.

3y arranging said inclines in opposite di-V rections in successive merging-chambers, respectively, said lateral flowages may be, for instance, toward the right-hand and continuous in each alternate chamber of one series, and toward the left hand and continuous in each intervening said chamber; and while these fiowages are continuing rotatively of the column, the upilow of the stream is also continuously supplying material into each of the chambers, and also, in equal quantity, taking material out of those chambers, so

that any given mass of material starting upward in the stream will be repeatedly flowed back and forth laterally of and in the channel and so be repeatedly merged with, and inter-associated with other material or mass components of the stream. Furthermore, as will now be evident, the said treatment of the material by the described lateral flowages in reverse directions alternately, is now accomplished in a manner which avoids an)Y disarranging of the stream as a whole, and thus avoids the creation therein of any objectionable action or any segregative eect arising therefrom.

This streaiii-treating system of apparatus, essentially and in the iorms thereof herein illustrated, consists of, or coiuprises, as the primary feature thereof, a series (which may be two or more) of tlowage-treating chambers, or successive materials-blending compartments, which are located, supported and connected, as may be done in any convenient but suitable manner), for the flowing materials to enter each of a plurality of the chambers in the form of a flowing stream which there becomes blended and so combined with flowable material already therein, and there forms a newly-assembled out-flowing stream from, and of, the said combined materials.

For this primary feature of the operation and process, chambers suitable therefor may be constructed as herein illustrated by departmentizing a conduit-channel, (as in Fig. 2) and also may be made each as a complete but structurally separate chamber, wh ich may be of either of the described curved, or the non-curved cross-sectional forms. And, these separately constructed chambers, each having in-flow and out-flow stream-passages arranged for co-aetion similarly as herein described for those herein shown, (and also shaped and adapted by position or otherwise. for forming said streams to have the described wing-form as set forth in connection with Figs. 3, d, 1() and 17) may be directly and closely assembled together, one upon another and in a columnar arrangement, by means of ordinary supporting and retaining devices, and without the using of the partitioned conduit-channel (of Fig. l, or other views thereof) Aor of any channel-wall tubes or elements, or of any plate-form members. This simple and direct yet peculiar mode of construction and assembling, while having important advantages for some kinds of service is not fully described in detail herein, since it constitutes, in part, the subject-matter in a separate application intended to be co-pendingl herewith, and to which reference may be had.

Having in view the con duit column considered as a conductor for the stream during the whole length of its tlowage under treatment, then the conduit-channel, as C, Fig. 2, may be lli) considered as comprising one wall, as F, which is equipped with, 0r has appurtenant thereto a series of wing-streani-forming interceptor-plates located at successive posi- `tions suitably spaced along said wall F, and

.the described wing-stream-forming capacity; but those devices should, of course, be such as will properly7 co-act as regards the described back and forth shifting of the flowage-path toward and from the face of wall F, and preferably, for this purposeshould also have the described impactive action upon the materials in that side of the stream which is`contiguous to the wall B. For these purposes the said devices of wall B, Fig. Q, can be such as or similar to the impactive and streamshifting plates 12, 14, Fig. 9, these being also shown in an improved and extended form thereof in Figs. 10, 1 1, 12 and 13, where vsaid impactive plates or walls are also modified and extended to act as wing-streamforming devices, and are appurtenant to wall B, but in these views are only shown at a right-angle thereto.

In accordance with these explanations, an apparatus of the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, may be considered as having one channel-wall, as F, provided with a series of the described wing-strean'i-forming interceptors, or stream-furcating interceptors, and as thus constituting a complete structural` element of the apparatus organization; and the wall B may likewise be considered as constituting another such element, and as being equipped with a series of co-acting interceptors that are developed in form and function to be equal to those appurtenant to wall F; and these two assembled organization-ele` ments, when located as walls of the enclosed' channel, each supplements and co-acts with the other, and each so acts in substantially the same manner and with substantially equal co-aetive effects.

l/Vhen the two said channel-walls, F and B, are each equipped as described with a lonthese chambers, the materials flow in a stream from a next preceding chamber, (of an opposite series) and out-flow therefron'i in a stream into a next following chamber, (also, of the same opposite series), and these chambers, thus created and arranged in a co-acting double series, also constitute merge-chambers in which the said materials passing therethrough are Asubjected to a continuing process of volumetric interblending, this being of the character elsewhere herein more fully explained. And when said two series of interceptors are set'or positioned, on suitable inclined lines, (as illustrated, for instance, in Fig. 2), these merge-chambers are thereby shaped and proportioned as three-wall chambers, each of which is enclosed by two of the interceptor-plates and one intervening surface-portion of a channel wall. For instance, one such completely formed said chamber of this more perfected character is the chamber b, Fig. 2, it having the interceptor-wall 12, that is appurtenant to said wall F, and having the interceptor-wall 14, that is appurtenant to said wall-B, and here shown duplicated throughout the length of the conduit, and arranged in the two oppositely disposed series, asshown.

lfilhen, however, these developments are considered in connection with the transversely curved wall-faces of the concave wall F, and convexwall B, respectively of Fig. Q5, it will be seen that however equipped as regards the two longitudinal series of interceptors, (of walls F and B', these correspending in a general way with said walls F and B respectively of Fig. 2) said wall B and its-series of devices, cannotbecome equal to the opposite and chief wall F owing to the differences in= curvature and in the length of their cross-sectional lines, and consequently in the character of quantitative extent of engagement with and action upon the flowing stream, are essentially different; so that the said convex wall-facer and its said equipment are properly considered as being supplemental and secondary'to the main wall-face F and its equipment. Y

These distinctions, as will now be evident, will be increased on extending said curvet formation to a complete and circular circuit, and especially when this is done with a relatively reduced radius of the said convex wallface as compared with the radius of the concave wall-face, these forming the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of an annular conduit, and said inner surface acting as a flowage-guiding means for assisting in producing the describedwave-line flowage of the main stream.

From the foregoing description as illustrated, it will now be evident that in the present system and process, the volumetric interblending is performed in and by successive stages, these being effected in successive lOO llO

cept as acting through the described in-tlow and out-flow streams. And, when each of the merge-chambers (as herein illustrated) has a capacity, or volume of space therein, greater' than the volume of an in-flow stream that would extend directly from the in-flow passage to 'the out-flow passage thereof, the said chamber contains (while the apparatus is in operation) an eXtra quantity, or reserve volume, that constitutes a merge-mass, and that is under a constant accretion by material diverted from the in-flow stream and is constantly being depleted into the out-flow stream, and thereby said reserve volume or merge-mass is subjected to ,a constant change of its material.

Furthermore, in the apparatus having the described means and arrangements for the wing-stream-forming operation, and for giving to said streams the described successive reversed positions thereof in the conduit channel, these streams in each of the several chambers, respectively, are each joined into and with the merge-mass by over-bending the stream toward the wing-stream edges while subjected to a crushing flowage force that intel-blends the wing-stream material with the intervening merge-mass, thereby terminating the wing-streams as such, and forming a disorganized mass in the merging-chamber, An d from this merge-mass thus increased, the merge-chamber content is forced toward and into a reversed position and toward a wingstream-forming out-flow passage, whereby each of the wing-edges flows from the inletpassage of one chamber and is directed into the out-flow'passage of this chamber, and is thus normally incorporated into the main portion of the iii-flow stream-for the next succeeding merge-chamber.

In this process, continued as described, all the atoms throughout the entire mass of materials are each of them, throughout and during the flowages in each, and to and from each ofthe chambers of the s ystem, continuously re-associated with other atoms, thereby accomplishing acomplete volumetric re-forming of each of and all portions of eachof the streams as to the substance-content thereof, and doing this by a process that is continuous in and throughout each and all the spaces of the conduit-systems; and those results are thereby accomplished by process-actions which are completely performed in each of the successive chambers, so that said continuous re-associating of each and all the atoms, is repeated `in the passage thereof through each and all of a connected series of the chambers. Y

Thus the space within a merge-chamber has in differentV portions thereof,'flowages of widely varying volume and velocity; and in those portions of the chamber-slpiace where the flowage is less directly affected by the force of the in-flowing stream, the materials may be said to be there subjected to a retarded flowage, whereby any given mass of material therein at any one time, will be passed on `gradually and so distributed in and along the stream as this Hows through the length of the conduit channel.

In carrying out the interblending process in the more complete manner just explained, an important feature and advantage results from the use of interceptor plates having the blades thereof made of a length only permitted by the setting of said plates in greatly inclined positions relatively toa transverse sectional plane across the conduit channel. By this means, the blades may be much longer than would otherwise be feasible; this lengthened blade-construction is illustrated in the diagram, Fig. 18, and .is also indicated in Fig. 2 and also appertains to the structural proportions shown in several other views, as will be evident on inspection thereof. By said increased length of the blades, (as shown for instance at G4, Fig. 1S), the edges, as 70, 70, of said blades have a greatly extended length in the flowing materials, for the shearing thereof; by this shearing action, closely adjacent particles of the stream-substance on coming to the blade-surface close to said edge, are many of them so sheared apart that-one such particle or atom goes at once into a through-flowing stream, while another particle is abruptly interrupt-ed and is then sheared away from the said other particle and forced in a sliding manner along against the blade-face, the two particles being thereby widely and instantly separated, and -in such manner as not again to be closely re-associated.

Thus the said greater length of the bladeedges operates to materially increase the quantitative results and effectiveness of the described inter-blending tiowages. And these eiliciencies are further increased by the combining together' in the conduit channel. of the interceptor blades in closely-following and reversely-inclined positions, (these being from theopposite channel walls, respectively), whereby the shearing action proceeding along one blade-edge, as at 61 Fig. 17) terminates near to the' position, 71, Fig. 17), where that action begins on the edge of a nextfollowingI and oppositely inclined blade, (as 60, 17), thereby radically shifting the lines of shearing' action in relation to each other at each of the stream-terminating and stream-forming positions and operations. A further feature is'the transverse directions of a pair of the successive and'adjacentV shearing edges relatively to each other, this being combined with the described reversal of the inclinations thereof relatively to the chanchainber. Also, itwill'befiioted that each said i cross-channel chamber wall constitutes the forward wall otone merge-chambeigl and the reai'ward wall ot a next following mergechamber, solthat eaclrone otfthe saidfshearing edges appurtenant to one of said interceptor- Vplates (this being one ot-said cross-channel walls) 4acts simultaneously tor performing its.'` shearing tu'nction upon the out-flow' stream from one :inerge-cl'iainber, and upon the viii-flow stream' of the next 'following and reversely-positioiied merge-chamber, thus havingI a duplex functional purpose and etfect. v

The cross-sectionally curved columnariormation (already mentioned in connection with'Fig. -25'liereot) constitutes a turtheriinproveineiit'whichis shown in a complete apparatus, `(organizedand operatingin accordance'with t-lie said principle) which is described'and claimed Vin a separate yapiication'which isintendedlto becopending erewith.

Another and vfurther in'ipioveinent (already mentioned herein) hasthe said transversely 'curved formation -tully eitended into a circuit, and has the stream-channel of an annular and ftubular torm,-so thattlie conduit walls,fin'a vcross-sectional vView thereof, 'each extend through a coinljilete'circle; 4this improvement constitutes subject-matter described in detail'and claimedin a separateV ap` vplic'ation which =is intended to becopeiiding herewith.

'Considering fthe lowage of `the materials through the whole length of the conduit channel, Vand how =the streain-forming,l and .interblending operations as occurring' -in-each ot the merge-chambers involve a considerable expenditure of forcent-follows thatthe'pressure necessar-yfory operating the said chamber -at the discharoe endof the'ehannel reacts against the next vpreceding` chamber, and so 'onf through the whole series otI chambers until reaching ythe first one, Athis being, in Figs. 'l

and 2, the chamber at the base o'tthe columnn Therefore, as -will'now be evident, vthe said first chamber of the seriesof them, inusthave aipressure considerably greater: thanl is'maintained 'in said last one; and, thisex'cess of ipressure'operatesto torce the flowing materialsfasthese'enter the channel, to go torwardlfy, and also laterally toward any Yspace where 'there may be-a reducedpressure, and

thisaction operates to quickly distribute the -flow of said materials equally throughout the 'widthoi the conduit channel, and thus toA equalize tlieintensit-yot the finiva-ges within each said ymerge-Chamber throughout the length thereof, this length being transversely-ot' the channel. 4 l

F or thus automatically equalizing the rate, and the torce,-or both, of the forward iiowage oit the main-stream in the channel, it is desirable, va'sfan'aid thereto, tor the-several merge-chambers (or a series of them) to have a-construction, and the parts thereof be so proportioned that the capacity ot that portion of their interior space in which the described retarded lowage chiefly occurs, shall be somewhat in e., cess of the space normally required merely for the iormingrot the out-iow stream. y Thisfeature, under the described -iiowage pressures.fromone to another of the chambers in theseries, operates to induce a movement in and of the merge-mass, in a direction longitudinally thereto and this direction being yransverse ot the channel, (and also/relatively to the main-stream tlowage therethrough), any inequality of pressures at dirtl'erent points in the length ot' the merge-mass, producesor permits a tlowage therein from a point of higher pressure toward-any other point (in said'length) where thepressure is lower; anch-by this means and method the iorward flowagc and pressures are automatically regulated and equalized throughoutthe width ot the conduit channel, thereby making it practicable to malte this channel relatively Imuch wider, in proportion to other dimensions, than herein shown by the. lines ofthe drawing. Y

From the drawings, especially Figs. 2 and 16, and the description thereoi', it will be noted that the series of .merge-chambers, these being'located in close succession in -the conduit channel, may be considered as comprising successive'series each ot .which consists ottliree successive said chambers, a tirst, a second,.and aithird, each delivering' into fa nextptollowing one, vand so delivering,` the iowable materials'in a stream, and through a. restricted stream-passage. Also, it will be noted that in said combination ot thetliree said coactingchambers,ther-said stream-passages are restricted by means ot :fiowage-di- -viding interceptors, as l2 and 14, Fig. 2, which are located, respectively in Ireil'ersed `positions relatively-tothe stream being acted -upon thereby, and, thatiintermediate to a hrst and a third chamber, in each said series ot ythree 'ot them, lthere are two 'of said multifurcated tlowage-ldividing devices, each operating,l `in a direction opposite to the other. These interceptors operate on the stream upon opposite sides thereof, respectively, and by vthus hzrvin'gaplurality ot thin but connected sub-streams, `whereby to aid vinV they Vdescribed interblending fiowages and operations in and in relation to the chambers, and to the streams entering and leaving the same.

It is a well known phenomenon in streams of materials flowing forwardly enclosed in a pipe-form conduit, for the materials in a center-Zone portion of the stream to flow more rapidly than in a narrow Zone which is contiguous to the inner surface of the conduit, and in which there is a frictional contact of the stream with, orV against, that surface. This variability of flowage is normal to the said kinds of streams, in general, and Whether these are of liquids or gases, and whether' of large or small cross-sectional dimensions. These variable rates of said flowages, these including said higher center-Zone velocity, operate when the stream comprises small proportions of a heavier material, (as, for instance, when a stream of air or other gas is prelin'iinarily charged with a liquid fuel in spray-form), to produce a segregative action, or anti-blending effect, whereby said heavier materials during the forward flow thereof, are gradually carried outward toward, and ultimately against the said inner surface of the conduit. In this manner, said variability of flowage action tends normally and directly to reduce and destroy the high degree of uniformity which is not only generally desirable, but is often essential to the successful employment of admixturing devices. (This .mode of action and result are diagrammatically illustrated and briefly explained, in my prior application, Serial No. 99,885, filed April 5, 1926, to which reference may be had.)

In the improved organizations of apparatus such as herein illustrated and described, the aforesaid mode of action and its resultant efl'ects are reversed, and that higher center- Zone velocity, is now utilized as the principal force and agency, not for impairing uniformity of admixture, but'for producing and maintaining a highly uniform admixturing and inter-blending of all the materials of the stream. For this purpose, the conduit is organized and equipped for dividing its interior space, or channel, into a series of successive and transversely disposed communieating departments, or chamber-like spaces, through which, in succession, all of the associated materials flow forwardly, and while undergoing repeated and complex re-associating and inter-blending, treatments.

Said departmentizing of the conduit chan- :nel is herein shown as being accomplished by -means of a series of interceptor devices serving as partitions and located in close succession along and within the channel, and disposed transversely of the inner wall-'face of the conduit. These interceptor devices are herein shown of an improved form and arrangement, (see Figs. 2 and 1,6),being divided (preferably in about the manner and proportions illustrated) in a direction transversely of the said Wall-face, into relatively numerous and small sub-stream-forming spaces, or passages, having a long and narrow shape or form, and also, preferably, of a tapering form. This construction has the advantage of giving to the sub-stream, and mass-components flowing through such a space, a long and narrow center-Zone portion having a forward and center-zone velocity exceeding the rate of flowage of the extreme side-portions of the sub-stream.

Thus throughout the said series of channel departments, the main-stream fiows forward continuously, while the materials thereof are subjected to successive and repeated accelerated and retarded fiowages, and (as elsewhere herein more fully explained) to dispersive, diffusing and merging processes, whereby the molecules and stream-increments of the materials are repeatedly shifted yback and forth and re-associated relatively to each other, while the sub-streams are also shifted, diverted and divided, and then newly-formed, from stage to stage of the inter-blending operations; and, thereby the materials are constantly being re-distributed, re-associated and re-blended in a most active, diversified andy effective manner.

These important results of the described multitude of co-acting and diversified substream formations and fiowages, are further improved and perfected by the shearing action (already described) of the said substrean'i-forming devices, and by the described inclinations and alternately reversed dispositions thereof relatively to each other and in and across the channel, whereby the said complexity of functional features, and of their various co-actions, are many times and rapidly repeated, and with a cumulative beneficial effect as regards uniformity of the molecular intermixturing throughout the whole mass, and also as regards the re-associating and interblending of the mass-components.

I claim:

1. In a fuel mixing device, a conduit having one series of interceptor blades extending into said conduit in one direction, a second series of interceptor blades extending into said conduit in the opposite direction, the blades having their bases engaging the conduit and adjacent to one another, each blade having itsedges converging from its base to a point, the opposing series of interceptors crossing with one another' to form a plurality of merging chambers and a plurality of intermingling stream portions whereby the main stream flowing through the conduit will be caused positively to change its direction of flow when passing from one merging chamber to the next to be divided into a plurality Cfr ofintermingling stream portions-.Withitheresulting interbl'ending action performed bythe partcles formingV the main stream;

2. In a .fuel mixing device, aconduitl composed of two compleniental sections, a series of interceptor blades onone sectionextending into said conduit in one direction, the

blades-having their bases -engaging;the-conw duitand adjacent to one another, each blade having its edges converging from its base to a point, asecond series of interceptor blades. onithe other section extending into said conduit in the opposite drection, the opposing series of interceptorv blades crossing and" co-V operatingwvith the sections to forina plurality of merging chambers and avplurality of intermingling stream portions whereby the mainstream flowing through the conduitwvill be caused positively to change its course of flow When passingfroni one mergingchamber to the next to be subjected'to a constantsnbdividing` action with the resulting'inter-blendingaction performed bythe particles foi-ming the main stream..

3. In axfuelmixing device', a conduitfconr kposed oftivo complementari connected. sections, a series of-finterceptor blades on one sec- -tion extendingy into said conduit, a second seriesof interceptor: blades on the other section also extending` into-said:conduit,.the interceptor.bladesbeing inclined to the sections from which they extend and having their bases adjacent to one another,l eachy blad-e Y having its edges converging from its base to a point, the opposing series ofinterceptor blades crossing and cooperating With'the sections'to form a plurality of merging cham. bers and a 1 plurality of intermingling ystream portions whereby the main. streamfliowing through the conduit'will'be caused'positively to change its course ofy flow and to be-sub jected to `avconstant4 subdividingr action when passing from. one-merging chamber tothe next with the resultinginterblending-action performed 'by the particles forming Yther main stream.

et. In a fuel mixing device, a conduit-haw ing one series of interceptors extending-.into said conduit in one direction, a/second'series of interceptors extendingI into said -condui tin the opposite direction7 the opposingseries of interceptors, crossing with one another to form aplurality ofmerging chamberswhere.- by the stream flowing.` throughthe conduit Willibe causedpositively to change its direc-tion of flow when passing from one mergL ing. chamber'to the next, each interceptor being composed of a series of-blades having their blades engaging the conduit and adjacent to one another and arrangedinarow parallel to one another and inclined to the transverse section-of the conduit in the direction'ofjflow, each bladehaving-its edges converging` from its base to a point, the successive interceptors being inclined in opapart throughout the lateral extent thereof,

aud'two series of cross-Walls ofl which one seriesisappurtenant to andsupported by one of-said channel-Walls, and of which the other series Ais appi-ntenant to andsupported bythe other and opposite channel-wall, these cross- Wallsextending laterally of the channel, and each extending from ,its said supporting Wall and'toWardthe c-hannelwall opposite theretmandtoa position beyond a mid-zone of the streamtoform a restricted passage between the free endof-eaehcross-Walland the opposing` cross-Wall, said cross-Walls being located, those of one series intermediate longitudinally of the conduit,.to those of the other said channel-wallseries, andvtliereby bringing each member ofa pair of next-adj acent saidy cross-Walls, into-a reversely disposed positionrelatively to-the other member of the same pair, and sthereby, by the coaction of a series of these so-positionedpairs, shift the stream toward and from each'c-hanneil-Wall at successive positions, respectively, in the length ofthe channel.' i

6. In a fuel mixing. device, aconduithaving two cnnectedchannel Walls which are oppositely' and synnnetrically-disposed and having: non-curved cross-sectional outlines, and Which-are a substantially uniform distance apart throughout the lateral extent there; of, and twoiseries of Wing-streamfforming cross-Walls whichl are each composed of a plurality of stream-incising.sharp pointed bladesand'of'which one. series is appurtenantto and fsupportedj'by one of-said 'channel-walls, and ofivhich the other series is appurtenant toy and supportediby the other. and opposite said? channel Wallythese crossfavall pointed bladesextending laterally of and across the Widthv of the channel, and each'` extending from its said .supportingfwall and towardthe channelwall opposite thereto, and to aposition beyond a mid-fzon'e of the stream to form arestricted passage bet-Ween .the pointed ends ofthe blades andthe opposingblades, said cross-Wall Pointed blades beinglocated; those of one series intermediate longitudinallyof the c-onduitto those ovfrthe y'other said'chan nelfwarllseries, andthereby bring eachmefm ber of av pair of next-adjacent cross-Wall blades int-o a reversely disposed position relatively to the: other member of the same pair. and thereby, 4the coaetion'of'a series of these so-positioned pairs, shift'tlie stream to- VWard andffromeach channel-Wallet successive positions,respectively, in the length of the channel. K Y p t 7. In a fuel mixing device, a conduit'having two connected channel walls which are oppositely and symmetrically-disposed and which are a. substantially uniform distance apart throughout the lateral extent thereof, and two series of cross-walls and of which one series is appartenant to and supported by one of said channel-walls, and of which the other series is appartenant to and supported by the other and opposite channel-Wall, these cross-walls extending' laterally of and across the width of the channel, and each eX- tending from its said supporting wall and toward the channel-wall opposite thereto, and to a position beyond a 1nidzone of the main stream to form a restricted passage between t-he free end of each cross-wall and the opposing cross-wall, said cross-walls being located those of one series intermediate longitudinally of the conduit, to those of the other said channel-wall series and thereby partitioning said channel into successive and reversely positioned merge-chambers, and also forwardly inclined in the channel, the said cross-walls of each series being forwardly inc-lined relatively to the channel, and also located in transverse directions relatively to each other, and thereby bringing each member of a pair of next-adjacent cross-Walls, into a reversely disposed posit-ion relatively to the other member of the saine pair, and thereby, by the coaction of a series of these so-posit-ioned pairs, shift the stream alternately toward and from each channel-wall at. successive positions, respectively, in the length of the channel, and impart to the stream a Waveline path of lowage in the channel, substantially'as set forth.

JOHN WILLIAM SMITH.

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