US1719595A - Detergent composition - Google Patents

Description

Patented July 2, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

rAnmne'roN nANiaLs,

DETERGENT Ho Drawing.

phosphates I include the phosphates of the .various members of the alkali metal series including ammonium and substituted ammonium derivatives); for example, the diand tri-substituted phosphates of sodium, potassium, ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, and the like; and also the mixed phosphates, such as ammonium sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium ammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium potassium ammonium phosphate and the like. I prefer to employ the di-sodium or tri.-sodium phosphates. i

The oily vehicle with which I admix the alkaline alkali metal phosphate compound is one which preferably 'includesa fatty acid compound such as a fatty acid, or an ester of afatty acid although the detergent action of the composition may be secured without the presence of sueha compound. The vehicle also includes an oily substance capablepf mixing with ordinary grease or oil, as normally present in dirt to be removed by such detergent compositions. Thus I may employ ordinary fatty oils derived from animal,

or vegetable sources, in which the oily vehicle inhcrently-includes the fatty acid compound. I may likewise employ hydrocarbon oils in the 'oily vehicle, either alone or with a fatty acid compound.

The precise proportions in which the constituents of the detergent mixture are mixed is not material. In general I-prefer that the proportion of the solid phosphate constituent shall be suchas to produce a pasty mass, which, for example, may be a fairly stiff paste if it is desired to dispense the product in the form of a mechanic soap or paste in cans, or may be a somewhat more fluid paste if it is de-' OF MADISON, WISCONSIN.

COMPOSITION.

Application filed October 16, 1925. Serial No. 62,937.

sired to dispense the product in tubes. A suitable mixture, for example, is one containing to parts of the solid phosphate in; granulated or finely powdered form and 20 to 30 parts by weight of the oily constituent.

These proportions may be widely varied, according to the nature of the constituent and the consistency desired, My preferred mixure is one containing tri-sodium phosphate and an oil such as cottonseed oil, olive oil, or corn oil. The mixture may be moderately unnecessary. a In preparing the mixture I may also add a small proportion, say 1 to 5% of palm oil, which appears to stabilize the composition, tending to prevent separation of its constituents. Thus a suitable specific mixture is 50 parts tri-sodium phosphate; 30 parts cottonseed oil and-1 part palm oil.

No substantial chemical reaction takes place; in fact, in general no chemical re action is detectable except, perha s, on long standing of the composition. 11 use, the mixture ispreferably employed as adetergent composition, for example, by thoroughly rubbing itupon or into the parts to be cleansed with a minimum amount of water and subsequently removing the composition by rinsing with more water. It is believed that, in the initial'application of the detergent composition, in which small amounts of water are present, a sufiicient saponification of fats or oils present in the composition itself or in the dirt to be removed occurs toproduce an emulsifying agent and permits the formation of a wa'terand oil emulsion, the oily portion of the vehicle of the 'composition causing it to thoroughly interpenetrate the dirt particles. In subsequent rinsing an oil-in-water emul sion is formed, which is readily removed by water. I have found that,'in the use of such compositions upon the skin, the natural oils of the skin are protected from the action of I lutionof phosphate and the strong alkaline there is uniformly eft athin, imperceptible oil film which prevents ping of the skin. I claim:

heated, if desired, although such heating is drying out and chap- 1. A detergent composition comprising an alkaline alkali metal phosphate and an oily fatty oil and trisodium phosphate dispersed 1 vehicle including a fatty acid compound of therein and substantially free of soaps. the class consisting of the fatty acids and 4. A detergent composition comprising 50 their glycerides, said composition being sub.- to 60 parts of trisodium phosphate and about 5 stantially free of soaps. to parts of a vegetable oil, said compo- 2. A detergent composition comprising sition containing a minor proportion of palm 15 to parts of tri-sodium phosphate and about oil. 20 to 30 parts of a vegetable oil.

3. A detergent composition consisting of FARRINGTON DANIELS.