US1716420A - Cellulose-ether film and composition for making the same - Google Patents
Cellulose-ether film and composition for making the same Download PDFInfo
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- US1716420A US1716420A US128337A US12833726A US1716420A US 1716420 A US1716420 A US 1716420A US 128337 A US128337 A US 128337A US 12833726 A US12833726 A US 12833726A US 1716420 A US1716420 A US 1716420A
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- cellulose
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- making
- same
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 title description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229960004667 ethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 poly brom benzols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001908 cumenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930007927 cymene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005194 ethylbenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002932 p-cymene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
Definitions
- compositions of matter in which cellulose, ethers, suchas water-insoluble ethyl c ellulose,[are combined or mixed with other substances which im- 5 part not only low infiammability, but likewise give compositions the other properties of which are also highly advantageousin the plastic and analogous, arts, such, for instance, as the film or varnish arts.
- One objectof the invention is to provide cellulose ether "films having not only all of the. ordinary desirable qualities of films for veinpurposes, but also having unusually ⁇ low infiammability and extremely highj resistancesto deterioration by heating.
- Another object of. theinvent-ion is to provide permanently transparent, strong, flexible sheets or films of desired thinness, which are substantially waterproof, are unaficcted byf-"ordina'ry photographic fluids, are subst'ant'ially colorless, are substantially without "harmful action upon light-sensitive photo.- graphic coatings, are of low inflammability and highly resistant to prolonged heat.
- Another object of the invention is to provide compositions capable of easy manipulation in film making, varnish making, or allied plastic arts.
- Another object is to provide compositions which will not injure or be in-' jure'd :by the substances or surfaces with which they are associated during manufacture,. storage. or use.- Other objects will hereinafter appear. 1 In U. S. Patent No. 1,188,376, Lilienfeld,
- brominated compounds are initially purified from free bromine and free hydrobromic acid and are incorporated in filmshaving an alkalinity greater than Pi there is no acidity in the film-making solution, nor in the film, nor does this condition develop during the normal storage of the solution or during the normal useful life of the film.
- the ingredients of t esolvent are of sufli-- cient'purity'to avoid acidifying the composition.
- This ,cjom osition is suitable for coating, from which "the volatile solvent flexible sheet, -which is stripped ofi and o'therwisei treated'in a manner well lmown';
- the ingredients in the film-forming com-1 position are th'orough'ly'mixed and may be filtered if desired. WVhon more fiowable solutionsrarejdesired, or when. the compositions are to :he employed as.lacquers,,thc volatile solvent may be increased; until the desiredflyi'scosity is obtained, or volatile liquids, such" as.l. benzol,-alcohol, and the like mayjbelmdded to the thinner.
- I may add one oi ;.mo're supplementary organic bodies .7 of.
- oi1l ⁇ slight volatility which enhance the flexib' ifty" ofthecoinpositions and'regulate the preparation; of film'jtherefrom; but such bodies are, "otessential-b Examples of them i ty' ate, the various amyl alcohols, the '-'vai:'ious.iibutyl alcohols, and
- Filmsfprepar'ediromthe hereinabove (lescribed ;compos' itions are flexible, smooth,
- composition of matter comprising 'partsofmonobrombenzol substantially ree from-funco'mbined bromine and hydrobromic acid, and more than 300 parts of a volatile common solvent, said composition comprising sufiicient inorganic alkalito give it an alkalinity in excess of Ph,.
- a film comprising colloidized' water-insoluble 'cellulose other and "a 'brom-nucleo substitution product of benzol and its homologues, said product being substantially free from uncombined bromineand hydrobromic acid, said film having'distributed therein suflicient inorganic alkali to give thefilm, an al-. kalinity in excess of Ph, the-proportions of the ingredients being such that the film is floxiblejtrans'parent andincl't to photographic emulsions.
- said film having jiiniformly distributed therein suflicientg norganic alkali to give-the film an alkalmityjin-excess of P11 the 1 amount of alkalibeing insufiicient to impair the transparency of the film, the proportions n ofthe ingredients being such that the film is flexible, ,transparentfand inert to photo graphic emulsions.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Cal
Patented June 1-1, 192:;
srEwAa'r' .1. A
nonnfor ROCHESTER; NEW YORK, AssIGNoa 'ro- EAsrMAN xonAx COMPANY, osnocnns'rna, EW YoainA ooaroaA'rroN or NEW-YORK.
.eELLuLosn-arrinn FILM. AND comrosrrIoN FOR MAKING THE sAmni --No Drawing.
..Thisgi'nvention relates to compositions of matter in which cellulose, ethers, suchas water-insoluble ethyl c ellulose,[are combined or mixed with other substances which im- 5 part not only low infiammability, but likewise give compositions the other properties of which are also highly advantageousin the plastic and analogous, arts, such, for instance, as the film or varnish arts. I i
One objectof the invention is to provide cellulose ether "films having not only all of the. ordinary desirable qualities of films for photographiepurposes, but also having unusually} low infiammability and extremely highj resistancesto deterioration by heating.
Another object of. theinvent-ion is to provide permanently transparent, strong, flexible sheets or films of desired thinness, which are substantially waterproof, are unaficcted byf-"ordina'ry photographic fluids, are subst'ant'ially colorless, are substantially without "harmful action upon light-sensitive photo.- graphic coatings, are of low inflammability and highly resistant to prolonged heat. Another object of the invention is to provide compositions capable of easy manipulation in film making, varnish making, or allied plastic arts. Another object is to provide compositions which will not injure or be in-' jure'd :by the substances or surfaces with which they are associated during manufacture,. storage. or use.- Other objects will hereinafter appear. 1 In U. S. Patent No. 1,188,376, Lilienfeld,
June 20th, 1916, there are disclosed a series of alkyl ethers of cellulose. Certain of these are particularly insoluble in water, and the present invent'on finds its chief value in connection with ethers having this property, 40 such as water-insoluble ethyl cellulose, films of which have small shrinkage characteristics, after treatment in photographic baths. In U. S. Patent No. 1,583,709, \Vebb, May 4th, 1926, there are-disclosed films of'such cellulose others in which the ordinary desirable qualities-of photographic film base are combined with resistance to .prolon ed heating, this result being brought about y maintainin an alkalinity in excess of Ph,. It is desirable that such films,'-especially motion picture films, be capable of withstanding heating without becoming brittle. Whether or not film'swill possess this property can be foretold with practical accuracy by testa ing samples, say by heating them for weeks.
Applieation fled Au ust 9, 1m. serial No. 128,337.
and even months'at a continuous tempera: I ture of 0.. Films which remain usefully flexible after such a severe test are capable of withstanding the conditions met with in use.
I have found that these qualities of-the films may be maintained and yet the inflammability greatly lowered by incorporating in such films and in the compositions out of-- -which theyare made, one or morev of the brom-nucleo substitution products of benzol and itshomologues, especially those which .are liquid at ordinary temperatures and have 1 saturated. side chains, such, for example, as mono, di, tii, or other poly brom benzols,
. toluenes, xylenes, mesitylenes, ethylbenzenes, cumenes and cymenes. .Where ortho, .meta or para isomers exist, they are all usable. On account of their relative cheapness and simplicity of manufacture, I prefer monm brombenzol, .parabromtoluene, and ortho bromtoluene. All of these substances, when mixed into the film-making compositions, should befree from free bromine and free hydrobromic acid. Otherwise" they will cause sufficient discoloration to make the film undesirable for photographic purposes,
- will cause deterioration of any photographic emulsions placed upon the film, and will destroy the alkalinity upon which the resistance of the film to prolonged heating de pends. If the brominated compounds are initially purified from free bromine and free hydrobromic acid and are incorporated in filmshaving an alkalinity greater than Pi there is no acidity in the film-making solution, nor in the film, nor does this condition develop during the normal storage of the solution or during the normal useful life of the film.
I shall now give one example of myiinvention' by way of illustration, but it will be understood that the invention is not limited to these details, except as indicated in the appended claims. parts by weight of water-insoluble ethyl cellulose containing sufiicient alkali, say by undergoing the treatment given in lines 78 to 920i page 1 in the above cited Webb patent, arerdissolved along with 5 to 50 (say 10 parts) of monobrombenzol in 300 to 500 parts of a volatile common solvent. The latter may usefully comprise a mixture of methyl acetate and methyl alcohol, the weight of the methyl acetate be g approximately nine t' g s t e no weight of themeth 1 alcohol. Of course,
the ingredients of t esolvent are of sufli-- cient'purity'to avoid acidifying the composition. This ,cjom osition is suitable for coating, from which "the volatile solvent flexible sheet, -which is stripped ofi and o'therwisei treated'in a manner well lmown';
- 'substantially the ,following: 100 parts by. g weight of water insoluble ethyl-cellulose 10 spreading upon a lm'eforming'surfac'e-in a evaporates s'ufiiciently to leavea transparent,
to-those skilledin' this art. :In place of the monobromhenzol, an equal'n'umber of parts bye-weight can be substituted of any one of the- 'brominated bodies mentioned herein-fabove, or mixtures ofjthem. By reason of the fact that these brominated products are '1 of the 'nucleotype, having thebromine atoms directly bonded to the-ring of carbon atoms,
- they are particularly stable. v
w The ingredients in the film-forming com-1 position: are th'orough'ly'mixed and may be filtered if desired. WVhon more fiowable solutionsrarejdesired, or when. the compositions are to :he employed as.lacquers,,thc volatile solvent may be increased; until the desiredflyi'scosity is obtained, or volatile liquids, such" as.l. benzol,-alcohol, and the like mayjbelmdded to the thinner. Along with I the ingredients mentioned above, I may add one oi ;.mo're supplementary organic bodies .7 of. oi1l {slight volatility which enhance the flexib' ifty" ofthecoinpositions and'regulate the preparation; of film'jtherefrom; but such bodies are, "otessential-b Examples of them i ty' ate, the various amyl alcohols, the '-'vai:'ious.iibutyl alcohols, and
, mixtures of the1n'-.- -Of course, these ingredients-are also s'ufiiciently pure to be non-acid;
Filmsfprepar'ediromthe hereinabove (lescribed ;compos' itions are flexible, smooth,
transparent, strong, "substantially colorless, substantially waterproof, are unaffected by ordinary )hotogra'phic baths, and in addition, com ine'unexpectedly low inflammability,with-highx'reslstance against brittle- [ness' upon prolonged-heating at 65 or equivalent conditions .in" actual use. 7 "amount of alkali .in' 'the film is, of course,"
,1 insufficient to: impair their transparency.- ,Q Having'thu'sf'described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by ,.-Let .l vters Patent is 1. A fiowable composition comprising'a waterinsoluble cellulose= ether, a brom-nucleo s'ubstitutionproduot of benzol and its 'homologues, which product is substantially J free fromuncombined bromine and hydro- 5 tbromicaci'd, and a solvent-commonto'said ingredientg said composition being stabilized by the presence therein of inorganic" ,alkali; which creates an alkalinity in the composition inexcess of Ph,, -the proportions being such that .a product formed'therefrom "willhave the properties of {high transparencies," freedom from accidental color, inert-- toward photograp'hic emulsions and. high'i'esistancetoheating; 1
- 2; A. composition "of matter comprising 'partsofmonobrombenzol substantially ree from-funco'mbined bromine and hydrobromic acid, and more than 300 parts of a volatile common solvent, said composition comprising sufiicient inorganic alkalito give it an alkalinity in excess of Ph,.
alkali to giveit analkalinity in excess of P11 the proportions being'such that a prod-- riot-formed therefrom will have the properties. of? high transparencies, freedom from accidental color, me'rtness toward photoa graphic emulsions m l' si flnce to heating.
4. As an article of manujltacture, a film comprising colloidized' water-insoluble 'cellulose other and "a 'brom-nucleo substitution product of benzol and its homologues, said product being substantially free from uncombined bromineand hydrobromic acid, said film having'distributed therein suflicient inorganic alkali to give thefilm, an al-. kalinity in excess of Ph,, the-proportions of the ingredients being such that the film is floxiblejtrans'parent andincl't to photographic emulsions. r
5. A S': ;;&Ift Ij-til6 of manufacture a film comprising. colloidlzedwater-insoluble ethyl ccelh'ilo'scangi'monobromhenzol free'from uncombmedjbromlnejand hydrobromic acid,
said film having jiiniformly distributed therein suflicientg norganic alkali to give-the film an alkalmityjin-excess of P11 the 1 amount of alkalibeing insufiicient to impair the transparency of the film, the proportions n ofthe ingredients being such that the film is flexible, ,transparentfand inert to photo graphic emulsions.
:Signed. atRoche'ster, York, thi 9 "-1 dayofJuly',-' 1926.- a 1 saEWaRT CARROLL.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US128337A US1716420A (en) | 1926-08-09 | 1926-08-09 | Cellulose-ether film and composition for making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US128337A US1716420A (en) | 1926-08-09 | 1926-08-09 | Cellulose-ether film and composition for making the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1716420A true US1716420A (en) | 1929-06-11 |
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ID=22434839
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US128337A Expired - Lifetime US1716420A (en) | 1926-08-09 | 1926-08-09 | Cellulose-ether film and composition for making the same |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US1716420A (en) |
-
1926
- 1926-08-09 US US128337A patent/US1716420A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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