US1715592A - Apparatus for sealing crevices in rock formations or the like - Google Patents
Apparatus for sealing crevices in rock formations or the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1715592A US1715592A US134921A US13492126A US1715592A US 1715592 A US1715592 A US 1715592A US 134921 A US134921 A US 134921A US 13492126 A US13492126 A US 13492126A US 1715592 A US1715592 A US 1715592A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- wire
- asphalt
- rock formations
- crevices
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
- E21D1/10—Preparation of the ground
- E21D1/16—Preparation of the ground by petrification
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
Definitions
- This invention relates to the sealing of subterraneous crevices.
- my Patents 1,327,268 and 1,327,269, dated J an. 6, 1920 a method and apparatus are disclosed for use 1n seahng crevices in rock formations and the like.
- a pipe is inserted in a hole which extends to the crevice,'and hot asphalt or the like is pumped through this pipe.
- a heating wire arranged within the pipe. This heating wire is held 1n the middle of the pipe by spacers of insulating material, as the pipe itself forms part of the electric circuit which includes the heating wire.
- one of the primary objects of the present invention is to providenovelmeans for holding the heating wire at the axis of the pipe and for preventing short circuiting while permitting free flow of the hot asphalt through the pipe.
- Another object of the invention is to pro,- vide the pipe with a special form of insulated stuffing box adapted to permit the' passage of the heating wire through theY upperV end of the pipe without allowing any asphalt to escape at this point.
- Y v The invention is illustrated in the a'eco panying drawings, in which, Y y. Fig. 1 is a side view partly in' section ofthe 'complete apparatus. i Y Fig. 2 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view of the feeding pipe, taken through one lof the joints and on line 2 2 of Fig. 3.
- Fig. 3 is avertical sectional view takenon line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 4 is a plan view of one of the spacers.
- Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the stufli'ing box arranged at the top of the feeding p1 e. Y
- FIG. 6 is a view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
- Figs. 7 and 8 are vertical sectional views of elements of the stuling box.
- 1 designates akettle heated by burners or the like 2'. Asphalt or similar thermo-plastic material is fed into this kettle and as it is heated, it runs olf through the gravity feed pipe 3, being strained by a within the pipe. tached in F ig.' ⁇ 4, and it consists of a short bar, Vformed of lava, porcelain kor other insulatrial 21, such as plaster of Paris.
- thermo-plastic material will be maintained in heated condition while it flows through the pipe 7 bymeans of an electric heating wire 12.
- This wire has its lower end Vconnectedv at 13 to almetal yplug 14 which Vis -in electrical connection with the lower end of thel pipe.
- the wire is held out of contact with the remainder of the pipe, so that the pipe maybe used as a part of the circuit for the electric currentflowing through the i heating wire l2.
- Theelectric current may be metallic couplings 17, and at each point where the coupling is located Va spacer 18 is arranged This spacer is shown deing material, provided with a central aperture 1'9 and curved'ends 20.
- the length of the spacer 18'i's is preferably tion by some suitable plastic insulating mate- As clearly shown in Figs. 2 and3 of the drawings, this plastic insulating materiall is arranged as a coating to form an internal ring within the ,coupling 17, which ring covers the portions *of the threads of the coupling which are notl 'engaged with the threads of the pipe sections.
- the plastic Vinsulating material 21 is extended inwardly as shown at 22 to cover portions of the upper face of the spacer between the hole 19 and the ends 20.
- These projections 22 have inverted V-shaped upper surfaces so as to guide the asphalt as it flows downwardly and to presecured in the coupling in a horizontal posivent it from lodging on the upper side of the spacer.
- My idea is to permit ready flow of the asphalt, but at the same time, shape the parts in such manner that no conducting particles will lodge on the insulator, which would be liable .toca-use a short circuit.
- the heating wire 12 extends through the holes 19 of the spacers and is more or less ⁇ freely arranged in the holes, so that the Wire maybe kept taut by ⁇ springs 23 which have their upper ends secured at 24 to some fixed point, and have their lower ends connected to the wire by an iiisulator25. Due to this construction, the wire will be maintained at the center of the pipe and there will be no liability of short circuiting.
- the stuffing box which I have devised for this purpose comprises a cup26 having threads at its lower portion .to engage internal threads at the upper end of the pipe, as shown at 27 in Fig. 5.
- the bottom of the cup is aperture-d at 28 to receive an insulating-bushing 29 formed of any suitable material;
- the bushing has an annular flange 30 which rests onV the bottom of the cup, and also engages the inner ysurface of -thecup to preventleakage of asphalt at these points;
- an insulat- Ving bushing 324 which is similar to the bushing A29, but is inverted so lthat its flange bears against the under side of an adjusting sleeve 33.
- This sleeve has external threads 34; which engage internal threads 35 inthev upper por'- tion of the cup, and the upper end of the sleeve Vhas a hexagonal surface 36 to receive 'a Wrench, used to adjust the sleeve.
- a third bushing 87 similar to the bushing '29 is' arranged at thek upper end of the sleeve, and the heating wireY 12 extends' through the bushings and packing with a vsnug sliding fit, so that the wire may be maintained taut and the asphalt prevented from leaking out through the stuilingv box.
- a spacer as claimed in claim 1 including ridges'of insulating material arranged on the upper face of the bar at opposite sides of the middle ofthe same.
- a pipe formed of a plurality of sec'- tions,'a coupling 'connecting adjacent ends 'of' the sections, said sections fand coupling being ⁇ of"e lectricity ⁇ conducting material, a 'ring of insulating material lining the pipe and located between'the adjacent ends ofthe pipe sections, and a cross bar of insulating Y material located in the'coupling between the endsof the ring and having a centrally disi posed aperture', adapted to receive a cu-rrent conducting wire.
- said cross' bar having its sides spaced.' fr om the innersurface'ofopposite sides; of the ring to provide aplurality of relatively rlargie openings capable of permitting the ready flowV offluid' through thel pipe.
- the sections and couplings being formed of lining rings arranged in the couplings be'- Vtween the ends of the sections, and barsI of jelectricity conducting i material, insulating ing their ends connected to saidrings, said bars having abutment surfaces adapted vto hold a current conducting wire away from ythe inner surface of the pipe.4
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
Description
June 4, 1929.
G. W. CHRISTIANS APPARATUS FOR SEALING CREVICES IN ROCK FORMATIONS 0R THE LIKE Filed Sept. 11 1926 I 2 Sl'leets-Sheekl 3mm/Wo@ n 516km? June 4, 1929, G. w. CHRISTIANS 1.715.592
APPARATUS FOR SEALING CREVICES IN ROCK FRMTIONS OR THE LIKE Filed Sep- 11. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 55 1 screen 4. The pipe 3 has its outletconneeted Patented June 4, 1929.
UNITED STATES GEORGE W. CHRISTIANS, OF CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE.
y .APPARATUS FOR SEALING CREVIGES IN ROCK FORMATIONS OR THE'LIKE.
Application led September 11, 1926.
' This invention relates to the sealing of subterraneous crevices. In my Patents 1,327,268 and 1,327,269, dated J an. 6, 1920, a method and apparatus are disclosed for use 1n seahng crevices in rock formations and the like. In my system, a pipe is inserted in a hole which extends to the crevice,'and hot asphalt or the like is pumped through this pipe. For theV purpose of maintaining the sealing material in heated condition whileit is travelling through the pipe, a heating wire arranged within the pipe. This heating wire is held 1n the middle of the pipe by spacers of insulating material, as the pipe itself forms part of the electric circuit which includes the heating wire. I have found, in practice, that it is very difficult to preventl short cirouiting within the pipe at the points where the spacers are' located, as conducting particles carried by the asphalt are liable to lodge on the spacers and eventually bridge the gap between the heating wire and the inner surface of the pipe. Therefore, one of the primary objects of the present invention is to providenovelmeans for holding the heating wire at the axis of the pipe and for preventing short circuiting while permitting free flow of the hot asphalt through the pipe.`
Another object of the invention is to pro,- vide the pipe with a special form of insulated stuffing box adapted to permit the' passage of the heating wire through theY upperV end of the pipe without allowing any asphalt to escape at this point. Y v The invention is illustrated in the a'eco panying drawings, in which, Y y. Fig. 1 is a side view partly in' section ofthe 'complete apparatus. i Y Fig. 2 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view of the feeding pipe, taken through one lof the joints and on line 2 2 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is avertical sectional view takenon line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of one of the spacers.
Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the stufli'ing box arranged at the top of the feeding p1 e. Y
1Fig. 6 is a view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
Figs. 7 and 8 are vertical sectional views of elements of the stuling box.
In the drawings, 1 designates akettle heated by burners or the like 2'. Asphalt or similar thermo-plastic material is fed into this kettle and as it is heated, it runs olf through the gravity feed pipe 3, being strained by a within the pipe. tached in F ig.'` 4, and it consists of a short bar, Vformed of lava, porcelain kor other insulatrial 21, such as plaster of Paris.
Serial No. 134,921.
to the intake of a pump 5, which forces the hot as shown at 11, and at the commencement of operations, a canvas wrapping is placed around the perforated portion 'of the pipe. When suilicient resistance is encountered, the pump 5 will cause the asphalt in the pipe 7 to puncture theoanvas, so that the asphalt will flow into the crevices to be sealed. This canvas wrapping forms no part of the present invention and is therefore not illustrated.
The thermo-plastic material will be maintained in heated condition while it flows through the pipe 7 bymeans of an electric heating wire 12. This wire has its lower end Vconnectedv at 13 to almetal yplug 14 which Vis -in electrical connection with the lower end of thel pipe. The wire, however, is held out of contact with the remainder of the pipe, so that the pipe maybe used as a part of the circuit for the electric currentflowing through the i heating wire l2. Theelectric current may be metallic couplings 17, and at each point where the coupling is located Va spacer 18 is arranged This spacer is shown deing material, provided with a central aperture 1'9 and curved'ends 20. The length of the spacer 18'i's ,aboutthe same as the internal diameter of the coupling 17, and it is preferably tion by some suitable plastic insulating mate- As clearly shown in Figs. 2 and3 of the drawings, this plastic insulating materiall is arranged as a coating to form an internal ring within the ,coupling 17, which ring covers the portions *of the threads of the coupling which are notl 'engaged with the threads of the pipe sections.
Immediately above the spacer 18, the plastic Vinsulating material 21 is extended inwardly as shown at 22 to cover portions of the upper face of the spacer between the hole 19 and the ends 20. These projections 22 have inverted V-shaped upper surfaces so as to guide the asphalt as it flows downwardly and to presecured in the coupling in a horizontal posivent it from lodging on the upper side of the spacer. My idea is to permit ready flow of the asphalt, but at the same time, shape the parts in such manner that no conducting particles will lodge on the insulator, which would be liable .toca-use a short circuit.
The heating wire 12 extends through the holes 19 of the spacers and is more or less` freely arranged in the holes, so that the Wire maybe kept taut by `springs 23 which have their upper ends secured at 24 to some fixed point, and have their lower ends connected to the wire by an iiisulator25. Due to this construction, the wire will be maintained at the center of the pipe and there will be no liability of short circuiting.
' 'Iheimproved stuffingv box, which I will -now describe, also functions to keep the wire at the center of the pipe, and to permit the wiretoexit fromA the pipe-'without leakage of asphalt. As the pump forces the asphalt into the pipe 7 under considerable pressure,
` it is obvious that the asphalt will tend to leak at the upper part of the pipe. Furthermore, as the wire 12 must extend through the upper end of the pipe in such a way that itmay be maintained taut by the springs 23, itis apparent that ,a special form of stufing box is necessary. The stuffing box which I have devised for this purpose comprises a cup26 having threads at its lower portion .to engage internal threads at the upper end of the pipe, as shown at 27 in Fig. 5. The bottom of the cup is aperture-d at 28 to receive an insulating-bushing 29 formed of any suitable material; The bushing has an annular flange 30 which rests onV the bottom of the cup, and also engages the inner ysurface of -thecup to preventleakage of asphalt at these points; Y
Within the cup I'place on,A topvof the bushing, an asbestos or r other suitable packing 31, and' above the packing,*I arrange an insulat- Ving bushing 324 which is similar to the bushing A29, but is inverted so lthat its flange bears against the under side of an adjusting sleeve 33. YThis sleeve has external threads 34; which engage internal threads 35 inthev upper por'- tion of the cup, and the upper end of the sleeve Vhas a hexagonal surface 36 to receive 'a Wrench, used to adjust the sleeve. A third bushing 87 similar to the bushing '29 is' arranged at thek upper end of the sleeve, and the heating wireY 12 extends' through the bushings and packing with a vsnug sliding fit, so that the wire may be maintained taut and the asphalt prevented from leaking out through the stuilingv box.
I ain aware that changesV may be made in the details which I have disclosed without sacrificing anyV of the advantages of the invention, and I claim. all modifications falling within the scope of the following claims.
lVhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is material arranged jin'the pipe'jat the place where the'bar is located.' n *Y 3. A spacer as claimed in claim 1 including ridges'of insulating material arranged on the upper face of the bar at opposite sides of the middle ofthe same.
y 4. In astructure of' thecharacter de'- scribed, a pipe formed of a plurality of sec'- tions,'a coupling 'connecting adjacent ends 'of' the sections, said sections fand coupling being `of"e lectricity`conducting material, a 'ring of insulating material lining the pipe and located between'the adjacent ends ofthe pipe sections, and a cross bar of insulating Y material located in the'coupling between the endsof the ring and having a centrally disi posed aperture', adapted to receive a cu-rrent conducting wire.
5. Incombin'ation, 'a pipeof electricity lconducting material, a ring of'insulating material arranged within theV pipe, a cross lbar of vinsulating material arranged 'between the ends of the ring and Yhaving'an aperture ladapted to receive a current conducting wire,
said cross' bar having its sides spaced.' fr om the innersurface'ofopposite sides; of the ring to provide aplurality of relatively rlargie openings capable of permitting the ready flowV offluid' through thel pipe.
I 6. combination as claimed in claim 5, in i which ridges of insulating material are arranged on the upper face of the cross/bar to facilitate the passage of fluid' through the pipe..
7. A combination as claimed in'claim', in
which the ring is formedf'of'plastic material,
and the cross bar has curved end' surfaces. 8; 'In combination, a sectional' pipe having threaded couplings connecting the sections,
the sections and couplings being formed of lining rings arranged in the couplings be'- Vtween the ends of the sections, and barsI of jelectricity conducting i material, insulating ing their ends connected to saidrings, said bars having abutment surfaces adapted vto hold a current conducting wire away from ythe inner surface of the pipe.4
9. A combination as claimed, in claim 8', in Y j which ridges of insulating material integral with the rings are arranged.4 on the upper surfaces ofthe cross bars to facilitate the passage 'the pipe across the interior of the latter to of fluid through the pipe. the inner surface of the same, the spaces be l0. Means for spacing an electric heating tween the sides of the arms and the innei` 10 wire from the Wall of a metal pipe through surface of the pipe being unobstructed, and 5 which the Wire extends, said means comprisabutment surfaces at the inner ends of the 1 ing a spacer including insulating arms eX- arms to bear against said heating element.
tending radially from the central portion of GEORGE W. CHRISTIANS.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US134921A US1715592A (en) | 1926-09-11 | 1926-09-11 | Apparatus for sealing crevices in rock formations or the like |
GB4498/27A GB277288A (en) | 1926-09-11 | 1927-02-17 | Improvements in or relating to means for sealing crevices in rock and like formations |
DEC41335D DE518182C (en) | 1926-09-11 | 1927-03-08 | Device for closing gaps in rock |
DEC39478D DE499226C (en) | 1926-09-11 | 1927-03-08 | Device for closing gaps in rock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US134921A US1715592A (en) | 1926-09-11 | 1926-09-11 | Apparatus for sealing crevices in rock formations or the like |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1715592A true US1715592A (en) | 1929-06-04 |
Family
ID=22465604
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US134921A Expired - Lifetime US1715592A (en) | 1926-09-11 | 1926-09-11 | Apparatus for sealing crevices in rock formations or the like |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1715592A (en) |
DE (2) | DE518182C (en) |
GB (1) | GB277288A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2660249A (en) * | 1949-11-18 | 1953-11-24 | John J Jakosky | Means for heating oil wells |
US2714930A (en) * | 1950-12-08 | 1955-08-09 | Union Oil Co | Apparatus for preventing paraffin deposition |
US2722278A (en) * | 1954-05-11 | 1955-11-01 | Sinclair Oil & Gas Co | Apparatus |
-
1926
- 1926-09-11 US US134921A patent/US1715592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1927
- 1927-02-17 GB GB4498/27A patent/GB277288A/en not_active Expired
- 1927-03-08 DE DEC41335D patent/DE518182C/en not_active Expired
- 1927-03-08 DE DEC39478D patent/DE499226C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2660249A (en) * | 1949-11-18 | 1953-11-24 | John J Jakosky | Means for heating oil wells |
US2714930A (en) * | 1950-12-08 | 1955-08-09 | Union Oil Co | Apparatus for preventing paraffin deposition |
US2722278A (en) * | 1954-05-11 | 1955-11-01 | Sinclair Oil & Gas Co | Apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE518182C (en) | 1931-02-13 |
DE499226C (en) | 1930-06-04 |
GB277288A (en) | 1927-09-29 |
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