US1715410A - Process of preparing fulling liquors and emulsions - Google Patents
Process of preparing fulling liquors and emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1715410A US1715410A US1715410DA US1715410A US 1715410 A US1715410 A US 1715410A US 1715410D A US1715410D A US 1715410DA US 1715410 A US1715410 A US 1715410A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- oil
- fulling
- liquors
- emulsions
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 44
- 238000009963 fulling Methods 0.000 title description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 40
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 210000002268 Wool Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001293 FEMA 3089 Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004755 animal textile Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 benzene hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon tetrachloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000004940 Nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001187 sodium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOSJKSGNLGONI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOSJKSGNLGONI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTFYJIXFKGPCHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C(C)C)=CC=C21 ZTFYJIXFKGPCHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710027366 ACVRL1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHHRJRBDYFHYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)C=1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C)(C)C=1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HHHRJRBDYFHYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OXHZXYPAOAIVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1=C(C(S(=O)(=O)O)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC)C=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(C)C1=C(C(S(=O)(=O)O)(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC)C=CC=C1 OXHZXYPAOAIVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNQDGUUHKJWPOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=C(C(=C2C=CC=CC2=C1)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=C(C(=C2C=CC=CC2=C1)S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)O PNQDGUUHKJWPOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIBIKFYUVQMBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1C(C(C=CC1)(C)S(=O)(=O)O)C Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C=1C(C(C=CC1)(C)S(=O)(=O)O)C UIBIKFYUVQMBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWWXQZYGZFMJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(CCC)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 AWWXQZYGZFMJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HHTHFRVIRJRMDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2CC1)(S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(CCC)C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2CC1)(S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HHTHFRVIRJRMDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUQIZYHGMVEONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)S(=O)(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(CCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)S(=O)(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NUQIZYHGMVEONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFJOMPSRTKGHNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCC)C=1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(CCCC)C=1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C1)S(=O)(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YFJOMPSRTKGHNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCJOQANLWNAZFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(CCCCC1)CCCCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)CCCCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O NCJOQANLWNAZFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXVMOSFZFFWSIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C(C(C2=CC=CC=C12)S(=O)(=O)O)=C)C Chemical compound CC1=C(C(C(C2=CC=CC=C12)S(=O)(=O)O)=C)C PXVMOSFZFFWSIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Camphor Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=O)CC1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000846 Camphor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000658540 Ora Species 0.000 description 2
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N P-Cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KDFQYGBJUYYWDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;sodium Chemical compound N.[Na] KDFQYGBJUYYWDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930007890 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUSWCWPCANWBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1 VUSWCWPCANWBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000749 insecticidal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001256 tonic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/52—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/522—Fulling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing
- Y10S516/05—Organic amine, amide, or n-base containing
Definitions
- the object of our present invention is the production of advantageous fulling liquors and emulsions particularly such as withstand the action of lime and acids, for which purpose we use sulfonic acids which exercise a no or an insufficiently tanning action but generally a more or less pronounced fatcleaving action.
- preparations of this kind are preferably used for finishing animal textile material etc., such for instance as wool, silk, leather hides or the like.
- the fulling liquors and emulsions obtainable according to our invention by means of the said sulfonic acids possess the great advantage over fulling liquors and emulsions of the ordinary kind, as previously prepared by means of soap, in that they do not give an alkaline reaction and that they can even be made acid without decomposition,' a fact which is of great importance in regard to the conservation of the animal textile goods and leather goods, because they stand a neutral or acid reaction much better than the generally weakly alkaline reaction of the ordinary falling liquors and emulsions prepared in the old manner by means of soap.
- Sulfonic acids which generally act more or less as fat-cleaving agents, and which ossess no tanning property at all or only in such insuflicient degree that they cannot be used for tanning purposes, are capable of accelerating the fulling action.
- Sulfonic acids of the said kind are readily soluble in neutral, alkaline, and acid solution so that they can be utilized when the fulling is carried out by means of an acid, or neutral, or also an alkaline fulling agent.
- the fulling agent may be used either in their free state or in the form of salts; in both cases it is advantageous to incorporate the fulling agent into the wool to be fulled during the initial stage of the process, say during the softening operation together with the softening oil, which has been stabilized by means of the sulfonic acid. This renders the separate addition of the said agent to the fulling bat-h unnecessary, since the wool to be fulled it is the practice to ine washed and thereby render the fibre more supple and soft and I thereby facilitate the spinnin process.
- Such emul- SIOIIS when allowed to stand, very soon separate into oil and soap water in consequence of the fact that, for certain reasons, their content of soap is generally kept extremely low so much so that this content of soap is insufficlent for a permanent emulsification, and therefore the said emulsions must be contin ually stirred or blown. Consequently it has been attempted to increase the stability of the emulsions by adding a protective colloid, such as a solution of ca'ragheen-moss or any other mucilaginous solution.
- a protective colloid such as a solution of ca'ragheen-moss or any other mucilaginous solution.
- the useof the stabilizing agents to be employed according to our invention involves the further advantage that the oil emulsion penetrates much quicker into the wool to be softened and that the emulsion which dries after the material has been spun, is much more easily separated from the soapor soda-bath during the scouring proc- IOU ess than is the case when other protective colloids (caragheen-moss) or no such colloids at all are applied.
- the addition of the stabilizing agent may take place at any stage of the process, it may partlcularly be added to the undiluted softening oil as well as to the water serving as diluent and also to the completely diluted emulsion.
- the concentrated aqueous solutions of many of these acids and salts, particularly the ammonium salt solutions, are capable of taking up large quantities of water-insoluble liquids, such as turpentine oil, decamphorated turpentine oil, benzene, tetraline, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene or the like, with formation of homogeneous mostly clear mixtures which may be diluted, as desired, with water without destruction and which may be used for various purposes, particularly owing to their property of withstanding the action of acids.
- water-insoluble liquids such as turpentine oil, decamphorated turpentine oil, benzene, tetraline, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene or the like
- the various classes of non-tanning or scarcely tanning but more or less fat-cleaving sulfonic acids to be used according to er invention may be subdivided into the folnuving four groups:
- Sulfonic acids of the benzene hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, cymol, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, tetraline, anthracene, phenanthrene
- Derivatives of these sulfonic acids substituted by cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or fatty acid residues and
- the fourth group comprises the sulfonic acids of the above groups 13 substituted in the nucleus or in the side chains by further As repfanihe acid; dimethylmethylidenenaphthalenesulfonic acid (obtained from acetone and naphthalenesulfonic acid).
- sulfonic acid compound as used in the claims annexed here-. to includes both the acid and salt derivatives of sulfonic acids.
- An emulsifying oil, suitable for oiling tanned hides may be prepared from parts of alcohol, .20 parts of any of the sult'onio acids obtainable from naphthalene, benzylchloride, butylulcohol and a sull'tmating agent and 70 parts of train oil.
- This oil when diluted with water, yields an emulsion, which may, for instance, be added to the vegetable tanning solution in the tanning cash towards the end of the tanning process.
- an alkali such as sodium carbonate, ammonia etc.
- the emulsion may also be rendered suitable for oiling chrom leather etc. after it has been tanned.
- an alkali such as sodium carbonate, ammonia etc.
- train oil there may also be used any other suitable oil- (5)
- An oil which yields in water a milky emulsion and which may be used for wetting and purifying purposes or for making dyestutl's into a paste etc.
- An emulsion suitable for treating wool which contains a softening oil, water, and a stal'iilizing agent comprising a sulfonic acid of a compound of the group including the benzene and naphthalene series, said sulfo'nic acid being substituted by asubstituent of the group including aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, and acyl.
- emulsion suitable for treating wool which contains a softening oil, water, and a stabilizing agent comprising a sulfonic acid of a compound of the group including the benzene and naphthalene series, said sull'ou ic acid being substituted by an alkyl group and a substituent of the group including aryl, aralkyl, cyclo-alkyl, and acyl.
Description
Patented June 4, 1929.
UNITED sr'rss PA E T orrics.
KARL DAIMLER, GERHABD BALLE, AND FRITZ JUST, or nocnsr ou-rnn-mam, ennmm, ASSIGNORS 'ro GBASSELLI DYESTUFF CORPORATION, or'nnw YORK, 11. m, A
' "ooR1=oRA'.r1oN or DELAWARE.
PROCESS OF PREPARING FULLING LIQUORS AND EMULSIONS.
No Drawing. Application filed January 28, 1926, Serial No. 84,498, and in Germany January 28, 1925.
The object of our present invention is the production of advantageous fulling liquors and emulsions particularly such as withstand the action of lime and acids, for which purpose we use sulfonic acids which exercise a no or an insufficiently tanning action but generally a more or less pronounced fatcleaving action. As is known preparations of this kind are preferably used for finishing animal textile material etc., such for instance as wool, silk, leather hides or the like.
The fulling liquors and emulsions obtainable according to our invention by means of the said sulfonic acids possess the great advantage over fulling liquors and emulsions of the ordinary kind, as previously prepared by means of soap, in that they do not give an alkaline reaction and that they can even be made acid without decomposition,' a fact which is of great importance in regard to the conservation of the animal textile goods and leather goods, because they stand a neutral or acid reaction much better than the generally weakly alkaline reaction of the ordinary falling liquors and emulsions prepared in the old manner by means of soap.
In the following description we describe the methods of using the said preparations.
In investigating the action of acid, neutral and also of alkaline fulling liquors we have ascertained that many sulfonic acids, which generally act more or less as fat-cleaving agents, and which ossess no tanning property at all or only in such insuflicient degree that they cannot be used for tanning purposes, are capable of accelerating the fulling action. Sulfonic acids of the said kind are readily soluble in neutral, alkaline, and acid solution so that they can be utilized when the fulling is carried out by means of an acid, or neutral, or also an alkaline fulling agent. They may be used either in their free state or in the form of salts; in both cases it is advantageous to incorporate the fulling agent into the wool to be fulled during the initial stage of the process, say during the softening operation together with the softening oil, which has been stabilized by means of the sulfonic acid. This renders the separate addition of the said agent to the fulling bat-h unnecessary, since the wool to be fulled it is the practice to ine washed and thereby render the fibre more supple and soft and I thereby facilitate the spinnin process. For
this purpose there are generally used no pure oils, but certain oil-soap-preparations, known under the names: softening, spinning, or spike oils. which may be bought ready made or specially prepared by the user himself, and which consists, for nstance of oils, such as olive oil mixed with a small quantity of soap or of oleic acid, mixed with a very small quantity of ammonia. When being used, these preparations are mixed and stirred with about two to four times the quantlty of water, whereby they are transformed into a kind of coarse emulsion. Such emul- SIOIIS, when allowed to stand, very soon separate into oil and soap water in consequence of the fact that, for certain reasons, their content of soap is generally kept extremely low so much so that this content of soap is insufficlent for a permanent emulsification, and therefore the said emulsions must be contin ually stirred or blown. Consequently it has been attempted to increase the stability of the emulsions by adding a protective colloid, such as a solution of ca'ragheen-moss or any other mucilaginous solution.
We have now found that in the preparation of emulsions of spinning oil the sulfonic acids above referred to and their salts are eminently suitable for being used as stabilizing agents (protective colloids) instead of mucilaginous substances, because their protestive power is much higher and, on the other hand, when drying they do not cause the formation of a hardening crust as does the said caragheen-moss. The useof the stabilizing agents to be employed according to our invention involves the further advantage that the oil emulsion penetrates much quicker into the wool to be softened and that the emulsion which dries after the material has been spun, is much more easily separated from the soapor soda-bath during the scouring proc- IOU ess than is the case when other protective colloids (caragheen-moss) or no such colloids at all are applied. The addition of the stabilizing agent may take place at any stage of the process, it may partlcularly be added to the undiluted softening oil as well as to the water serving as diluent and also to the completely diluted emulsion.
The above described favorable action of the sulfonic acids or their salts as they are to be used according to our invention as stabilizing agents, also suggests their use as emulsifying agents. Indeed, the products in question when in aqueous solution have to a great extent proved to be excellent emuL sifying agents. The concentrated aqueous solutions of many of these acids and salts, particularly the ammonium salt solutions, are capable of taking up large quantities of water-insoluble liquids, such as turpentine oil, decamphorated turpentine oil, benzene, tetraline, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene or the like, with formation of homogeneous mostly clear mixtures which may be diluted, as desired, with water without destruction and which may be used for various purposes, particularly owing to their property of withstanding the action of acids.
The various classes of non-tanning or scarcely tanning but more or less fat-cleaving sulfonic acids to be used according to er invention may be subdivided into the folnuving four groups:
(1) Sulfonic acids of the benzene hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, cymol, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, tetraline, anthracene, phenanthrene) (2) Derivatives of these sulfonic acids substituted by cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or fatty acid residues, and
(3) Derivatives of the said sulfonic acids substituted by alkyl and by cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or fatty acid residues.
As representatives of these groups may be mentioned:
(1) cymolpolysulfonic acid, solvent naphtha sulfonic acid, tetralinepolysulfonic acid;
(2) cyelohexylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, eyclohexyltetraline sulfonic acid, benzylnaphthalenedisulfonic acid, benzylxylenesulfonic acid, phenylbenzenesulfonic acid; sul'tonic acid from naphthalene and talloil (a Swedish fluid resin left as waste in the sulfate-cellulose process) or naphthenic acid;
(3) cyclohexylbutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid; butylbenzyltoluenesulfonic acid; amylbenzylnaphthalenesulfonic acid; butylbenzyltetralinesulfonic acid; diethylbenzyltoluenesulfonic acid; isopropylbenzylnaphthalenesulfonic acid; butylphenylbenzenesulfonic acid; butylated sulfonic acid from naphthalene and tall-oil.
The fourth group comprises the sulfonic acids of the above groups 13 substituted in the nucleus or in the side chains by further As repfanihe acid; dimethylmethylidenenaphthalenesulfonic acid (obtained from acetone and naphthalenesulfonic acid).
As will be seen from the foregoing we expressly exclude from the class of non-tanning but fat-cleaving sulfonic acids described above, those sulfonic acids of hydrocarbons which are merely substituted in the nucleus by one or more alk 1 groups of at least 3 carbon atoms, such or instance as isopropylnaphthalenesulfonic acid or dibutylnaphthaleuesulfonic acid, as these acids are of an entirely soapy character and as their usefulness for the purpose claimed in'our application is obvious and already known.
In an analogous manner there may also be used instead of the above mentioned acids their salts. The term sulfonic acid compound as used in the claims annexed here-. to includes both the acid and salt derivatives of sulfonic acids.
Examples.
(1) One part by weight of the sulfonic acid obtained from 100 parts of naphthalene, 100 parts of cyclohexanol and 200 parts of chlorosulfonic acid are mixed with 10 parts of saponificate-oleine, one part of alcohol and one part of a solution of ammonia of 30% strength. For being used this softening oil which serves at the same time as fulling agent to be conveyed into the wool for the subsequent fulling process is emulsified in 4 times the quantity of water.
(2) 7 parts of commercial softening oil which may, for instance, be composed of 6 parts by weight of olive oil and one part of soap, are dissolved in 20 parts of water to which has been added one part of a protective colloid obtained in the following manner:
Into 100 parts of an oil, prepared from naphthalene and benzylchloride according to German Patent No. 416,904 is run, for effecting the sulfonation, a mixture of 25 parts of oleum (20%) and parts of chlorosulfonic acid, the mixture is then neutralized with caustic soda lye and after being dried and ground a yellowish-white powder which is readily soluble in water is obtained.
(3) The mixture serving as softening oil, composed of 10 parts of savonette-oil, one part of alcohol, one part of ammonia of 30% strength and 16 parts of softening oil is run into 100 parts of water, wherein one part of the product used according to Example 2 has been dissolved.
(4) An emulsifying oil, suitable for oiling tanned hides may be prepared from parts of alcohol, .20 parts of any of the sult'onio acids obtainable from naphthalene, benzylchloride, butylulcohol and a sull'tmating agent and 70 parts of train oil. This oil, when diluted with water, yields an emulsion, which may, for instance, be added to the vegetable tanning solution in the tanning cash towards the end of the tanning process.
3y adding small quantities of an alkali, such as sodium carbonate, ammonia etc. to the solvent-water the emulsion may also be rendered suitable for oiling chrom leather etc. after it has been tanned. Of course, there may also be introducedsodium carbonate, ammonia. alkali, pyridine into the already diluted oil or, instead of the free sulton ic acid and alcohol, aqueous concentrated solutions of the respective salt of the sulfonic acid may be mixed a priori with train oil. In the place of train oil there may also be used any other suitable oil- (5) An oil which yields in water a milky emulsion and which may be used for wetting and purifying purposes or for making dyestutl's into a paste etc. and for other purposes can be obtained by mixing parts of alcohol, parts of the sulfonic acid. used according to Example 1 and (50 parts of any substituent for turpentine oil, e. g. of the (lecan'iphorated turpentine oil produced in the iuanu'factureof artificial camphor. A mixture thus obtained yields on addition of water an emulsion of acid reaction which cannot be destroyed even by the addition of a mineral acid and which may for instance be employed in the wool industry for the most varied purposes. If this emulsion is neutralized with sodium carbonate, ammonia or pyridine etc. it may be used with great advantage in the cotton industry, as insecticide and as an admixture to substances for washing clothes.
\Ve claim:
1. The process of preparing fulling liquors and emulsions suitable for treating animal textile materials which comprises incorporating in the liquors a sult'onic acid of a compound of the group including the benzene and naphthalene series, said sulfonic acid being substituted by a substituent of the group including aryl, aralkyl, cyclo-alkyl and acyl.
2. The process of preparing fulling liquors and emulsions suitable for treating animal textile materials which comprises incorporating in the liquors a sulfonic acid of a compound of the group including the benzene and naphthalene series, said sulfonic acid being substituted by an alkyl group and a substituent of the group including aryl, aralkyl, yclo-alkyl, and acyl.
3. An emulsion suitable for treating wool which contains a softening oil, water, and a stal'iilizing agent comprising a sulfonic acid of a compound of the group including the benzene and naphthalene series, said sulfo'nic acid being substituted by asubstituent of the group including aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, and acyl.
4 An. emulsion suitable for treating wool which contains a softening oil, water, and a stabilizing agent comprising a sulfonic acid of a compound of the group including the benzene and naphthalene series, said sull'ou ic acid being substituted by an alkyl group and a substituent of the group including aryl, aralkyl, cyclo-alkyl, and acyl.
In testimony whereof, we attix our signatures.
KARL DAIMLER. GERITA'RD BALLE. FRlTZ JUST.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2738324A (en) * | 1952-08-29 | 1956-03-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Anti-static rayon oils |
US2973240A (en) * | 1951-06-21 | 1961-02-28 | Boehme Fettchemie Gmbh | Tanning with alkylbenzene sulfonate in combination with chrome tanning |
US3104443A (en) * | 1957-12-04 | 1963-09-24 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method and composition for fulling fabrics |
-
0
- US US1715410D patent/US1715410A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2973240A (en) * | 1951-06-21 | 1961-02-28 | Boehme Fettchemie Gmbh | Tanning with alkylbenzene sulfonate in combination with chrome tanning |
US2738324A (en) * | 1952-08-29 | 1956-03-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Anti-static rayon oils |
US3104443A (en) * | 1957-12-04 | 1963-09-24 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method and composition for fulling fabrics |
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