US1715324A - Tuning fork - Google Patents

Tuning fork Download PDF

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Publication number
US1715324A
US1715324A US38118A US3811825A US1715324A US 1715324 A US1715324 A US 1715324A US 38118 A US38118 A US 38118A US 3811825 A US3811825 A US 3811825A US 1715324 A US1715324 A US 1715324A
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Prior art keywords
fork
tuning
temperature
steel
elasticity
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Expired - Lifetime
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US38118A
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Hakon H Haglund
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Western Union Telegraph Co
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Western Union Telegraph Co
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Priority to US38118A priority Critical patent/US1715324A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10GREPRESENTATION OF MUSIC; RECORDING MUSIC IN NOTATION FORM; ACCESSORIES FOR MUSIC OR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. SUPPORTS
    • G10G7/00Other auxiliary devices or accessories, e.g. conductors' batons or separate holders for resin or strings
    • G10G7/02Tuning forks or like devices

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to the construction of tuning forks which are more especially intended to act as governors for controlling the speed of motors and nchronously o eratin devices or as relays or repeating "ie ectrica impulses in telegraph', 'telephone radio, photo-telegraphy, where uniformity o speed is essential.
  • tuning forks df this type is found in U. S. patent to Houghtaling, No. 1,466,623 dated August 28, 1923.
  • Tuning forks intended for the above mentioned pur ses are constructed with great precision rom steels of the best quality. Nevertheless, even the best of such prior tuning forks are subject to variations in frequency, at dilferent temperatures. These changes in frequency are caused by a change in the elasticity of the fork, and by the actual chan e in size due to expansion or contraction o the fork, orboth. v
  • the yoke may be provided as usual with an extensionv or stem 4, by which it is supported upon a pillar in the synchronizing controlling apparatus, relay or other well-known apparatus in which such tuning forksA are used.
  • the proper proportions of nickel steel and machine steel will vary with the different sizes of forks employed.
  • a tuning fork having two tines but it is evident that my invention is also applicable to vibratory reedshaving a single tine or member and hence they are I cla-im 1.
  • the method of constructing a tuning j fork which consists in combining with a bar of steel having a negative temperature coeicient of modulus of elasticity, a bar of steel having a positive temperature coeliicient of modulus of elasticity and welding the ad'a-A cent ends to form an integral bar, where y the vibrations of the resulting integral bar are substantially unaffected by changes in atmospheric temperature.
  • a tuning fork having a vibratory member comprising a portion having arpositive temperature coeliicient of modulus of elasticity and another portion having a negative temperature coeliicient of modulus of elastic- ⁇ ity, the portionsbeing welded at their adjacent ends and being so proportioned that the i vibratory member is substantially unaffected by changes in atmospheric' temperature.
  • ftuning fork having a vibratory mem-- ber comprising a ortion' of nickel alloy. steel 5 and a portion o Ymachine steel integrally united at 'their adjacent ends, said portions being so proportioned that the vibration ⁇ of said member is substantially unaffected by changesin atmospheric temperature. 10- 4.
  • a tuning fork which consists in forming each vibratory member of a plurality-of metal elements or' lengths welded end to end, said members having positive and negative temperature co- 15 eicients of modulus of elasticity respectivesaid elements being i such that the resultant eiectfof said temperature c 'Je i ⁇ 1icients upon the vibrations of said member with' changes ofatmo'spheric tempcraturc'is positive, negativcvor zero, as' desired.
  • a tuning Ifork which consists in forming each vibratory member of 'a plurality of steel elements welded together ,end to end, said elements having positive and negative temperature coeflicients of modulus of elasticity respectively, and each of said elements having a positive temperature coeicient of expansion, such that the resultant effect of the temperature coeicients of expansion and elasticity upon the vibratory member is substantially zero.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

TUNING FORK Filed June 18, 1925 N EBS Patented May 2s, 192,9..
UNITED STA l v BARON H. H-LGLUND, OF BROOKLYN, XNEW SSIGNOR TQ THE WESTERN UNION 'rias PATENT OFFICE.
marmara oonrm, orNnw Your, N; Y., a oonromrroncr Nrw You J TUNING ronx.- i
Application med June 18, 1925. Serial No. 58,118;
This invention pertains to the construction of tuning forks which are more especially intended to act as governors for controlling the speed of motors and nchronously o eratin devices or as relays or repeating "ie ectrica impulses in telegraph', 'telephone radio, photo-telegraphy, where uniformity o speed is essential. x An example of tuning forks df this type is found in U. S. patent to Houghtaling, No. 1,466,623 dated August 28, 1923.
Tuning forks intended for the above mentioned pur ses are constructed with great precision rom steels of the best quality. Nevertheless, even the best of such prior tuning forks are subject to variations in frequency, at dilferent temperatures. These changes in frequency are caused by a change in the elasticity of the fork, and by the actual chan e in size due to expansion or contraction o the fork, orboth. v
After an extended research to develop means for overcoming this diiiiculty I have found that while the majority of steels, and other metals that may be used\in the manufacture of forks of this kind, have a negative temperature coefficient of modulus of elasticity, certain materials may be obtained for which this coeiiicient is positive. A steel possessing this positivefcoeicient whichA I have used is composed'of 36% nickel and havf ing a carbon content of .18 and is commonly known as Invar steel but it is to be understood that my invention is not limited to the use of this material. I l
The low carbon steels commonly known as machine steels? which have a carbon content 4wherein the coefficient of expansion and elasticity of the different materials combine in such a manner that the temperature coeiiicient of the fork as a whole becomes zero. I have further found that by the same means, the total temperature coeiiicient for the fork as IFa whole may be made any desired value with'- intended to be'coveed by my clans.
positive coelicient of ex in rthe two limits produced when the fork is made of either one of the said materials above. The accompanymg drawing illustrates in conventlonal form a tuning fork constructed 1n accordance with my invention.
I prefer to construct the outer portions '1,
ofthe (tines of nickel alloy steel and the inner portions 2 and yoke of machine steel, these parts being welded together, the line of the weld being indicated at '3. The yoke may be provided as usual with an extensionv or stem 4, by which it is supported upon a pillar in the synchronizing controlling apparatus, relay or other well-known apparatus in which such tuning forksA are used. The proper proportions of nickel steel and machine steel will vary with the different sizes of forks employed. In forks constructed for use in controlling the speed of rotary distrib- 'utors used in multiplex telegraph systems, I have constructed a fork in accordance with the invention disclosed herein in which the outer portions of the fork tines are eleven and one-tenth inches in length, made of said nickel steel, and the inner ends of the tines to the `this fork having a zero temperature eiect when the fork is used in the re lar manner and fully equipped. with s li ing weights asu shown. in the Houghtaling Patent No. 1,466,623 previously referred to.
I have illustrated a tuning fork having two tines but it is evident that my invention is also applicable to vibratory reedshaving a single tine or member and hence they are I cla-im 1. The method of constructing a tuning j fork which consists in combining with a bar of steel having a negative temperature coeicient of modulus of elasticity, a bar of steel having a positive temperature coeliicient of modulus of elasticity and welding the ad'a-A cent ends to form an integral bar, where y the vibrations of the resulting integral bar are substantially unaffected by changes in atmospheric temperature. I
2. A tuning fork having a vibratory member comprising a portion having arpositive temperature coeliicient of modulus of elasticity and another portion having a negative temperature coeliicient of modulus of elastic-` ity, the portionsbeing welded at their adjacent ends and being so proportioned that the i vibratory member is substantially unaffected by changes in atmospheric' temperature.
3. ftuning fork having a vibratory mem-- ber comprising a ortion' of nickel alloy. steel 5 and a portion o Ymachine steel integrally united at 'their adjacent ends, said portions being so proportioned that the vibration `of said member is substantially unaffected by changesin atmospheric temperature. 10- 4. The method of making a tuning fork, which consists in forming each vibratory member of a plurality-of metal elements or' lengths welded end to end, said members having positive and negative temperature co- 15 eicients of modulus of elasticity respectivesaid elements being i such that the resultant eiectfof said temperature c 'Je i`1icients upon the vibrations of said member with' changes ofatmo'spheric tempcraturc'is positive, negativcvor zero, as' desired.
5. The methodof making] a tuning Ifork, which consists in forming each vibratory member of 'a plurality of steel elements welded together ,end to end, said elements having positive and negative temperature coeflicients of modulus of elasticity respectively, and each of said elements having a positive temperature coeicient of expansion, such that the resultant effect of the temperature coeicients of expansion and elasticity upon the vibratory member is substantially zero. l
In testimony whereof I ailix my signature.
HAKO'N` H.. HAGLUND.
US38118A 1925-06-18 1925-06-18 Tuning fork Expired - Lifetime US1715324A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489400A (en) * 1946-10-23 1949-11-29 Times Facsimile Corp Tuning fork
US2497143A (en) * 1946-10-23 1950-02-14 Times Facsimile Corp Tuning fork
US2673482A (en) * 1950-10-19 1954-03-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vibrating reed device
US2760168A (en) * 1952-08-16 1956-08-21 Collins Radio Co Temperature compensation for a magnetostrictive transducer
US3122047A (en) * 1960-04-25 1964-02-25 Gen Electric Tuning fork
US20040143200A1 (en) * 2001-04-23 2004-07-22 Hiroshi Nogami Tunning fork type therapeutic utensil
US20040244671A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-09 Murray Philip James Tarnish-resistant handbell and its method of manufacture
US20110004130A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2011-01-06 Encarnacion Mira Rodriguez Device for preventing skin sag and wrinkles

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489400A (en) * 1946-10-23 1949-11-29 Times Facsimile Corp Tuning fork
US2497143A (en) * 1946-10-23 1950-02-14 Times Facsimile Corp Tuning fork
US2673482A (en) * 1950-10-19 1954-03-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vibrating reed device
US2760168A (en) * 1952-08-16 1956-08-21 Collins Radio Co Temperature compensation for a magnetostrictive transducer
US3122047A (en) * 1960-04-25 1964-02-25 Gen Electric Tuning fork
US20040143200A1 (en) * 2001-04-23 2004-07-22 Hiroshi Nogami Tunning fork type therapeutic utensil
US7381193B2 (en) * 2001-04-23 2008-06-03 Drainage Academy Limited Company Tunning fork type therapeutic utensil
US20040244671A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2004-12-09 Murray Philip James Tarnish-resistant handbell and its method of manufacture
US6871613B2 (en) 2003-06-06 2005-03-29 Schulmerich Carillons, Inc. Tarnish-resistant handbell and its method of manufacture
US20110004130A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2011-01-06 Encarnacion Mira Rodriguez Device for preventing skin sag and wrinkles
US8282586B2 (en) * 2008-07-17 2012-10-09 Encarnacion Mira Rodriguez Device for preventing skin sag and wrinkles

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