US1714933A - Coke oven - Google Patents

Description

May 28, 1929. VAN ACKEREN 1,714,933

COKE OVEN Filed April 13, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l I VEN T0 TnmdA? 40.

ATTORNEYS.

May 28, 1929. J. VAN ACKERE N coxEovEN Filed April 13, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS.

Patented May 28, 1929.

JOSEPH VAN AGKEREN, OLE PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE IIOPPERS COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COKE oven,

Application filed. April 13, 1926.

My invention comprehends improvements of general utility in the coke oven art and also comprehends certain improvements especially applicable to coke ovens of the well known regenerative cross-over type exemplified in the patent to Becker1,374,576, granted April 12, 1921.

In ovens of the latter type in which each heating wall is provided with vertical combustion flues communicating through regulatable ports at their tops with horizontal flues, each horizontal flue respectively connecting a group of vertical flues and being itself connected about the oven chamber with r a corresponding horizontal flue in the opposite heating wall, that portion of the heating wall lying between the vertical and horizontal flues and in which the ports between them are located is ordinarily made of thicker brick than the portions of the wall in which the vertical and horizontal flues proper are located since the ports must be relatively small in cross-sectional area as compared with the corresponding area of the flues and must be partially closed by slidable and adjustable bricks to permit regulation of the flow whereby the combustion in each vertical flue'may be adequately regulated to effect a'uniform distribution of heat across the entire heating wall. Due to the thickening of the wall brickwork adjacent the ports the heating effect over the corresponding oven surface of the wall is diminished below both that of the vertical flue portion and that of the horizontal flue portion. so that black spots and improper coking of the oven charge in this region are apt to occur, necessitating either a longer coking period than is required for the main portion of the charge oiless efiicient coking in this region.

If, as has been proposed, it is attempted to overcome these difliculties by dividing the port for each flue into three sections, one a central regulatable portion similar to, though smaller than, the usual port, and two side portions each extending along the side of the oven chamber in the plane of and for the full extent of the flue side below it, the side portions of the port being made of such width as to maintain in conjunction with the central portion the aggregate port area of the same order of magnitude as where a single central port is en'iployed, then the side portions of the port must be so narrow that no flame but only waste gases from the vertical Serial No. 101,672.

flue below can pass through them and coking in the adjacent region of the chamber becomes less eflicient. Also, since the velocity of the flow through the horizontal flue and consequently through the ports is materially greater near the center portion of the wall, or point of reversal, it becomes necessary in constructions of the type indicated to make the side portions of the ports progressively narrower from the ends of the wall to its center in order that the desired heat distribution across the wall may be obtained, but since these side portions are out of line with the sight openings in the oven top they cannot be regulated by sliding bricks or the like and therefore the attempt must be made in building the battery to give these side portions.

deposits form on the sides of the ports. Such deposits are difficult to remove and by modifying the size of, or even plugging up the ports render still more impracticable the regulation desired.

I overcome all of the difliculties encountered in the prior art practices hereinbefore enumerated by suspending, as it were, my horizontal flue in the tops of the vertical fines of a heating wall and by employing only a single port between each vertical flue and its horizontal flue located preferably in the top of the latter rather than its bottom as has heretofore been the practice. Since my vertical flue extends continuously on each side of its horizontal flue and is of sufficient cross-sectional area and width at all points to permit combustion to take place throughout its entire height no dark spots can be formed in the oven chamber in the region of the horizontal flue, and since the products of combustion pass through a single regulatablc port directly below and in line with the inspection passages, permitting intelligent adjustment of the sliding brick, I am able to maintain flame heat throughout the entire height of the oven heating surface of the wall and can regulatethe heat intensity 'to any desired degree in accordance with the conditions actually found to exist. over, I have removed the horizontal flue whose heating effect it is impossible to regulate'from its position in the prior art contiguous to the coking chamber and have isolated it altogether therefrom and effect the heating of the wall in this region, instead, by a prolongation of the flue itself which in my system is entirely regulatable throughout its extent. I further provide. for the regulation to be effected outside rather than inside the horizontal flue whereby interference with flow in the horizontal flue is avoided. This I am able to accomplish be cause by my special arrangement of vertical and horizontal flues it is possible to locate the sliding bricksemployed for regulation in the top of the vertical lines and over the 'port leading into thehorizontal flue, where as in prior practice it was necessary to locate said bricks in the horizontal flue itself.

My construction, moreover, resultstin the strengthening of the wall structure and renders possible the building of the walls and coking chambers to a greater height, as set forth more at length in my copending application Serial No. 101,671, filedApril 13,

advantages in construction and operation as are found to obtain in the structure and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification and showing for purposes of exemplification a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention specifically to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a vertical section transverse of the battery through a heating wall and regcnerator chamber on the line 11 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a composite longitudinal vertical section of a portion of the battery on the lines A and B respectively of Fig. 1,-

Fig. 3 is a partial transverse vertical section on the line 33 of Fig. 4 showing in detail the upper portion of the flues, a horizontal flue and inspection passages,

Moreof the drawings.

' Fig. 4 is'a partial vertical section on the line H of Fig. 3 showing in detail the same features in transverse section, and

Fig. 5 is a partialhorizontal section on the lines 55 of Figs. 3 and 4.

The same characters'of reference indicate the same parts in each of the several views In the specific embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the invention is incorporated in a combination coke oven battery of the well known Becker type above identified.

Referring to the drawings there are illus- ,trated' views of a coke oven battery or plant of this type comprising a plurality of crosswise elongated heating walls 11 and a plurality of intermediate crosswise elongated vertical coking chambers 12 beneath which are the usual heavy supporting walls 13 and 13 and regenerator chambers 14 communieating with the flues of the heating walls through the ducts 15. There are also pro- I vided coke oven gas duets 16 communicating through nozzles 17 with the ducts 18 leading to the flues of the heating Walls, it being understood thatthe ovenis operable alternatively on producer gas introduced through the appropriate regenerators of the regenerative system or by coke oven gas introduced through the ducts 16.

Each heating wall 11 is provided with a plurality of vertical combustion fines 20 communicating at their tops with a horizontal flue 25, the horizontal flue in turn being connected by a plurality of cross-over ducts 40 with a similar horizontal flu'e in the heating wall on the opposite side of an adjacent oven chamber whereby the burnt gases from the up-burning flues of one side of the oven battery are conveyed to the down-burning flues on the opposite side as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and as is well understood in the art.

My invention involved herein, however, differs radically from prior art practice in the manner in which the horizontal fine 25 in each heating wall is connected to the vertical flues 20 and the manner in which the horizontal and verticalflues are related to each other and to the wall structure proper. In prior practice the vertical flues in each heating wall terminated just below the horizontal flue and each vertical flue was connected thereto by a port or ports in the bottom of the horizontal flue. These ports would necessarily not permit of the passage of flame because of their limited cross-sectional area and the fact that it was undesirable to have flame in the horizontal flue itself since the heating effect of the latter could not be regulated. In my improved construction I. in effect continue my vertical flues upward throughthe region formerly occupied by the horizontal flue alone and in effect suspend the horizontal flue within the tops of my vertical flues, as more clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 4. This I accomplish by bridging the horizontal flue between the .end walls of the respective vertical flues, free flue spaces 21 of suflicient width and cross-sectional area being provided at the sides of the horizontal flue to permit of the passage of flame without its being extinguished. The flue spaces 21 merge into a similar free flue space 22 above the horizontal flue. Communication between the tops of the vertical flues and the horizontal flue is preferably obtained through ports 26 located in the top of the horizontal flue, and not in its bottom as in prior practice. I also prefer to employ adjustable sliding bricks 27 located in the tops of the vertical flues for regulating the port openings, the ports and sliding bricks being respectively in ali nment with the several inspection or access flues 30, to facilitate regulation. In the bottom of the horizontal flue I preferably provide inspection and access plugs 31, corresponding in number to the number of vertical flues. These plugs are preferably normally provided with inspection openings 32. The access flues 30, port 26, access and inspection plug 31, and gas nozzles 17 are preferably in substantial vertical alignment whereby it is possible'by removing the plug 31 to remove and replace the nozzles 17 to regulate the gas flow or for other purposes.

In the operation of the oven the combustion gases are burnt upwards-in the vertical flues in a wall on one side of an oven chamber, the products of combustion passing into the horizontal flue distributing themselves therealong and thence passing through the several cross-over ducts 40 to the other side of the oven chamber and into a similar horizontal flue in the opposite wall, and thence downwardly through the flues of that wall. Since the several flues of a given wall occupy different relative positions as regards the inflow and outflow through the regenerators accurate regulation of the ports in the individual fluesof a given heating wall is essential. This regulation in my system can be very readily and accurately accomplished by adjustment of the respective sliding bricks 27 to eflect regulation of each individual flue in accordance with the actual conditions observed at the time. Since the entire coking surface of a heating wall is heated by the vertical flues only and since these flues are continuous from top to bottom and permit the presence ofv flame throughout, I can by appropriate regulation effect the desired degree of heat distribution over the entire heating surface of the wall which is impossible where theheating is done in part by the horizontal flue which cannot be regulated. The location of the sliding bricks in the top of the vertical flue also has the distinct advantage over prior constructions where it was located in the horizontal flue that it does not restnct the cross-sectional area of the latter and thereby impede flow therethrough or "cause eddies which give rise to poor regulation. My simplified construction also results in a great increase in wall strength and permits me to carry the vertical flue much higher than in ordinary constructions which in turn enables me to make the coking chambers of greater height, a very important consideration in modern coke oven practice.

I have disclosed my invention herein as applied more particularly to the Becker type of oven as illustrated, for instance, in his'patent hereinbefore identified. In my hereinbefore mentioned copending application, I have shown the application andspecial utility of the invention to coke ovens of the well known Koppers type and have directed the claims of that application to the latter type of oven as well as to more general aspects of my invention.

" The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of construction, but may be variously embodied within a the scope of the claims hereinafter made. I claim:

1. In a coking oven, or the like, in combination: coking chambers alternating with heating walls; each heating wall being provided with vertical combustion flues and a horizontal flue in each heating wall passingthrough the upper portions of and communicating with a plurality of said vertical flues in the same wall therewith and duct means connecting said horizontal flue in one wall with said horizontal flue in another of the heating walls.

2. In a coking oven, or the like, in combination: coking chambers alternating with heating walls; each heating wall being provided with combustion flues and a connecting or end flue in each heating wall passing through one end portion of and communicating with a pluralityof'said combustion flues 1n the same wall therewith and duct means connecting said connecting or end flue in one wall with said connecting or end flue in another of the heating walls.

3. The combination as defined in claim 1 in which each of the horizontal flues is entirely surrounded in a'- plane transversely thereof, by each vertical flue that it passes through in the same wall therewith.

4. The combination as defined in claim 2 in which each of the end flues is entirely surrounded in a plane transversely thereof by each combustion flue that it passes through in the same wall therewith.

5. The combination as defined in claim 1 in which each of the horizontal flues is entirely surrounded in a plane transversely thereof by, and communicates through a port in its top side with, each vertical flue that it passes through in the same wall therewith. 6. The combination as defined in claim 2 in which each of the end flues is entirely surrounded in a plane transversely thereof by,

and communicates through a port in its side remote from the main body portions of the combustion fiues with, each combustion flue th at it passes through in the same Wall there- Wit 1.

7. The combination as defined in claim 1 in which each of the horizontal flues is entirely surrounded .in a plane transversely thereof by, and communicates through a regulatable port in its top side with, each vertical flue that it passes through in the same wall therewith; and in which means are provided for regulating the portsl 8. The combination as defined in claim 2 in which each of the end fiues is entirely surrounded in a plane transversely thereof by, and communicates through a regulatable port in its side remote from the main body'portions of the combustion fiues with, each combustion flue that it passes through in the same heating Walls; each heating wall being provided with combustion fiues and a connecting or end flue in ieaeh heating Wall passing through one end portion of and communieating with a plurality of the combustion fiues in the same wall therewith at said one end; duct means connecting said connecting or end flue in one Wall with said connecting or end flue in another of the heating walls; and means located in the combustion fines for regulating the degree of flow through said combustion fiues and the connecting or end fiues.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto setmyhand.

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN.

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