US1710153A - Process for cracking hydrocarbon oils to produce light oils - Google Patents

Description

G. EGLOFF ET AL OriginalFFiled June April 23, 1929.

PROCESS FOR CRACKING HYDROCARBON oILs To PRODUCE LIGHT oILs Patented Apr. 23, 1929.

UNITED STATES y 1,710,153 PATENT oFFicn GUSTV EGLOFF `AND HAERY'I. BENNER, OF CHIGAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS TO UNI- VERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY, QF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CGRPRATION OF scura nuora.,

EDRGGESS FOR GRGKING EYDROCALRBQN OILS r`.UO PRODUCE LIGHT OILS.

Application filed .Tune 2S, 1920, Serial No. 322,475. Renewed February l2, 1927.

@ur invention relates to a process and apparatus for cracking heavy hydrocarbon oils by ineans oi? heat and pressure in a double high pressure still, and means of internally heating same for the production' of light oils characteristically gasoline, or the like. y y

lts salient objects are to provide a pressure rlistillation process for cracking heavy hydrocarbon oils to produce light oils therefrom; to provide a process which may be operated continuously for the pressure distillation oit heavy hydrocarbon oils to produce light oils therefrom by lmeans of a combustion chamber set Within the body of ythe double high pressure still; to provide a process for the pressure distillation of heavy hydrocarbon oils to produce light oils thereilroin by nieansot a double high pressure still superheating the hydrocarbon vapors generated by one of said double high pressure stills; to provide a pressure distillation process 'for the heavy hydrocarbon voils to produce light oils, such as gasoline or the like, :trom said heavy hydrocarbon oils by means of charging the lower of .the double high pressure still and spraying untreated oil continuously over said oil While on pressure distillation; to provide a process tor the pressure distillation of heavy hydrocarbon oils to produce light oils therefrom by means of a double high ypressure still in which both stills of. said double high pressure still are charged with said hydrocarbon oil to be treated, and continuously charging untreated oil to the system during pressure distillation.

The following is a description of an apparatus as shown in the drawing.

The numeral l represents a gas burner set in corrugated tube 2, which is Within high pressure still 6. 2a is a connection*` between corrugated tube 2 and corrugated tube 8 set in pressure still 5, to which tube 3 stack 4 is attached. A vapor line connects pressure still 5 through valve 8 and pipe 9 to dephlegmator 10 having baille plates ll set therein and provided with an inverted dish l2, and dephlegmated oil trap 13. The numeral 13a, designates fa dephlegrnated` oil or reflex return pipe attached to the lower part of still 6. The numeral 14 desi nates a vapor conduit connected with dep legmator 10 in which conduit is placed valve 15. The pipe extension 15aA leads to condenser.l coil 16, set Within Water .condenser box l?. The condensed pressure distillate oil `passing through pipe 18. with iincoiidcnsable gas from condenser coil 16 passes to receiver 19. Pipe 2O is attached to receiver 19 with pressure distillate controlvalve`2l, having pipe 2l.a connectcd with storage tank `iltor pressure distillate oil. Pipe 23 is uncondensable gas line controlled by valve 22,1 Pipe 221" is connected to uiicondensable gas tank.. The numeral 24 represents pressure gage, and 24 the gauge' glass upon receiver 19. A raw oil puin) 25, pumps raw oil via valve 26 and discharges through control valve 27, through preheater coil 28. A control valve 27 is used for passing raw oil through preheater coil 28 set in the path of combustion gases in liuc 2a. The preheated raw oil from coil 28 passes through pipe 29 set in still t, having pertorations 30, through which the oil` sprays into said still d The numeral 6a represents nozzles which connect still t with still 5, being projected above the bottoni of still 5. Insulating `iiiatei'ial 5 surrounds stills 5 and 6. 3l is draw od pipe for residuum from still 6, controlled by valve 32, attached to pipe connection 33 with storage tank for said residuumoil.

One typical. method of operation of this process and apparatus when cracking a very refractory oil, such as steam still kerosene bottoms, Pine Island gas oil and the like, is to charge still 6 with one of said oils by means of raw oil pump 25, through coil 28 and pipe 29, or still 6 may be charged by vvay of residuum line` 31, connected with valve 32 and pipe connections 33 by means ot' pump not shown. The ressure distillate control valve 21 and uncon ensable gas valve 23 are closed. Valves 8 and 15 are opened. Burner l is ignited, the products of combustion passing corrugated tube 2., connections 2* attached to corrugated tube 3, set in still 5, passing out of stack 4l.. The hydrocarbon vapors generated in the system produce a generated pressure upon the entire system which is predetermined dependent upon thev type of oil used. After the desired self-impressed pressure has been created in the system the operation may be continued under such ressure by suitably controlling the thrott 'e valves 21 and 22 on the receiver 19t cel The hydrocarbon vapors generated in vstill 6 w passing through .pipes 6, connected to still are superheated by the products of comf bustion, passing through corrugated tube 3. The hydrocarbon vapors fromstill 5, passing through pipe 7, valve 8 and pipe 9, attached to dephlegmator 11 are fractionated, so that only the lighter vapors ypass out' throughconduit 14, valves 15 and pipe 15a to be condensed in condenser coil 16, running into receiver 19 when the system is 011 pressure distillation.' The dephlegmated liquid con" densed in dephlegmator 10 drops back in said dephlegmator to the. trap 13, passing down throu h pipe connections 13'? to the lower part o still 6.- Itis important to'note in this j process and apparatus t at we do away entirely with furnace construction of brick work or like material.

pressure distillation VWe also do away with high furnace box construction which necessitates all construction work on pressure distillation processesbeing l built 8 or l() feet higher than our process from` percent o and apparatus. We have Ifound that this cuts down the construction costs markedlyand is an important feature of our process and apparatus.` Our process and apparatus alsok economizes upon 'fuel consumption, as the products of combustion, pass through the internal part of the still so that we do away with radiating heat' from furnace walls and reduce heat loss to a minimum. Our stills are heavily insulated with magnesia brick or kieselguhr. It is to be iioted that 1 the productsof combustion within the lower still pass on after giving up part of their heat content to the liquid in said lower still and Y superheat the vapors in the upperstill, which then pass out through the dephle ator. We also have found that by preheating the raw oil fed into the system by means of waste products of combustion, that the'ca` pacity of the stills is increased.

A typical operating run was to distil a Pine Island gas oil of 31.0 Baume gravity at apressure of 125 pounds, producing therea pressure distillate. oil

` of 51.0 Baum gravity containing therein 55 ercent of a 57-58 Baum gravity gasoline.

his yielded 33 percent' of 57-58 Baum` gravity gsoline on the basis of oil used.

The a ve is the preferred method of operation of this process and apparatus. However, when using easily crackable oils, Such as fuel oils, heavy residuums,` heavy crude oils we may charge both stills with one of said oils and spray in raw chargingoil into the upper still instead of the lower.

We do not limit ourselves yto any particular amount of still charge, because this is determined by the type oilv which is to be .cracked in our process. Nor'does the e dephlegmator u on the system, as shown 1n drawing, act a vantageously on all hydrocarbon o1ls.' We have found that `the char-tclosed conduit located within said still, inv

passing the vapors generated in said lower still to the upper still wherein they are superheated by passing thecombustion gases through a closed conduit located in said upperistill, in continuously introducing a spray of preheated oil into said bulk supply of oil, in dephleginating the vapors passing over from saidupper still, in returning the reflux kcondensate resulting from such dephle ation to said bulk supply of oil, in

'continuously withdrawing heavy residuuin from said bulk supply of oil andin maintaining a superatmospheric vapor pressure on the oil undergoing conversion.

2. A process of treating hydrocarbon oil, consisting in charging the lower of a pair of interconnected stills with a bulk supply of oil, in heating the bulk supply of oil in said lower still by passin the heating gases through a closed con uit disposed therein,

in passing the vapors generated from said Y bulk1 supply of oil to the up er of said pairl of stills, and in there super eating they vapors by assing the combustion gases through a c osed conduit disposed therein, in continuously introducing raw oil to said bulk supply of oil through a spray, in dephleg- -mating the vapors issuing from said upper still, and in condensing and collecting they resulting distillate.

3. A comprising placing the oil to be cracked under ressure, initially passing the oil through an e ongated conduit of restricted cross section about which gases of combustion pass to.

impart heat to the oil, subsequently delivering theoil in the formy of aspray to an enr larged zone wherein the oil spray iscaused to directly contact with the exterior surface of a' heating element, through which com# bustion gases of a higher temperature .than the combustion gases passing about said conduit are flowing, in maintaining a pressure on the oilI in such elongatedv conduit and in saidenlargedi'fzone in excess of 100 pounds per square inch in removing vapor generated from the oil and'in subjecting such vapors to condensation and collection.

rocess for cracking petroleum oil 4. A process for cracking petroleum oil I comprising' placingI the oil to be cracked'.

under pressure, initially passing 'thel oil through an elongated conduit of restricted from the toil as the result of said heat treat- 10 ment and in passingr such vapors in heat interchange relatlon with combustion gases Whlch have been previously passed about said conduit, in thereafter subjecting the va pors to dephlegmation and condensation.

GUSTAV EGLOFF. HARRY P. BENNER. v

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