US1708013A - Burner for liquid fuels - Google Patents

Description

LWWQEE Alwifl 3 9 DQMAN BURNER FOR LIQUID FUELS Filed May 17, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet Apwifi 9;, A, DOMAN BURNER FOR LIQUID FUELS 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed May 17, 192'? I 50 ing petroleum lamps without any alterationr Patented h s a, less.

, unites-stares earanr cas es,

AIZLADAB nearer-i, on BUDAPEST, NGARY, .essxenon 'ro ransom-nan mesa-n. manna-sensuous, nniunnnn A. o., os wanna, anaemia,-

-ieuannn. son mourn aunts.

n ueaem filed ma 17, 119%,Serial1ll0. 192,109, and in Hungary m 22, was;

The appliances hitherto known for the combustion of liquid fuelsfor'lighting or heating purposes exhibitva'rious disadvantages.

Above all, the fuel not burnt chrnpletely,

so thatits lighting or, heating power can only be incompletely utilizedlihe luminous flame is not sufliciently white, andin the case ofheatingthe flame cannot evolve the desired degree of heat because the supply 7 of air to the flame cannot be regulated inde-' f p'endentlyof the adjustment for the most favourable evolution of gas and height of flame.

' The flame therefore does nota'eceive suflicient air,,con 1bustion does. not take place without smoke, andthe air of the room lighted -orh eated isrendered foul. a w o "f The fuel container becomes highly heated *"gvhen the flame-is burning, which haslthe reg; 2Q ult that thevolatile and foul smellingicom L istituents of the liquid. iuel' 'escape and swap-g crate;

'Qfbe attained notwithstanding the cleaning.

{After the extinctionof the flame foul smelling ases are evolved therefrpm for some as petroleum and the like are employed. The

' appliancessuggested for this purpose and also actually employed in various iormsare however very complicated, require-constant "attention, and for the supervision thereof mostly necessary." Moreover the cost of man 7 short time. 'rhe apparatus form1n of the present invention e present in use, since it can be fitted'intoexi The essence of the invention resides; in the act that the strength of the light or the capacity for the evolution oi-heatis mainv a fllllBfWlCk necessaryiorthe formation oi i {the flame requires cleaning or'trirnming each '25 time the apparatus is'used, and alsoiiiejnders frequent changin' necessary, withnuthow- 1 fever enabling uniformity of tha'fiame to iforedoes not occur.

WICkJntO a hotzone and a cold zone, or the yeo special technical knowledge and Iskillare pressure. r l ufacture is considerable, fand nevertheless l "failure is to lie-"expected in a comparativelyii i :,eiam lamp remainindependent ofthe adj usts'j fluent and constant, and the fuel can be coml'pletely consumed, the regulatingoi the evolution of gas, as contrasted with known ap- 1 pliances, being ,made independent. of the the subject-matter v. iminates the above mentioned disadvantages and involves-inc alteration in the construction of the lampsat' tained constant in one andthe same burnermdependently of the shifting of the wick, that is to say, the flame does not become smo when the. wick is turned up, irrespectively of whether it is a lighting or a heating flame fflhis result is mainly produced owing to the fact that that part of the iwiclrwhich semester the formation of the llama whether the flame burnsincontactwith t'or'thewick by contact witli fainetallic part of the apparatus, only 'efiects thegasitication. A '65 ytai n line, Underneath this boundaryethe; 1 I wick remains cool, and does not burnfiY-hlso I the flame "cannot strike back tojthis lower part ofthefiwick even if gases; shouldfihd evolved at that'pointg l Now as the flame is not evolved directly at the end of the fuel. container, but is divided from the latter by a portion of the wick which I remainscold, the container also remains cold.

of the fueh-is limited downward Ito-a cer-;;

Elie-premature asification of the volatile constituents of .t e liquid fuel, with all'its ;-'unpleasant accompanymgphenomena, there- The dividing of the limitingof the flame in a downward-direc tion is brought about by a fixing or disc having the shape of the upper margin-of the I wick, said fixing plate being-solid or formed with holes in its upper surface or connected with a perforated or gauze ring at which alone the flame burns during the normal operation of the lamp, and means for guial a air. alongthe part of thewick located below eai fixing plate and projecting out of the 'wick tube for the purpose'jof cooling the'lsaid part of theiwicln. 'Tlhe-fi ame receives in this way great ateadiness which or an incandesce I v 't, hunning without "lhel ligliting quantity of alr applied internally to the burner. The quantity of air supplied on the outside, the direction of its flow, and the angle at which the air meets the flame, can be renders it suitable r be t; I utilized to ,thengmaximum, andthe candle ,j power-and evolution of heat in. one and the ice- 1- till varied, without the most favourable height of the flame, which is dependent upon the dimensions of the appliance, the air pressure prevailing in the room, and the temperature in the room having to be altered.

The flame does not smoke. A round flame can be formed above a flat wick, and similarly a flat flame above a round wick, that is to say, the form and dimensions of the flame can be varied according to varying requirements.

Upon the flame being extinguished the gas burns without smell and without leaving any residue.

If the flame is to be employed for the production of incandescent light, an incandescent mantle of close mesh and comparatively eat strength is placed in the lamp and rought to ncandescence, in such a manner that the same is surrounded closely by a ring of flame, which, however, need not penetrate the fabric of the incandescent mantle. The improved eflect thereby produced expresses itself in a brighter flame, which is more agreeable to the eye. In the event of the incandescent mantle being accidentally damaged the lamp can immediately be utilized as an ordinary wick-burner lamp.

The burner works without preheating by simply igniting the flame thereon.

In the accompanying drawings several constructional examples of the appliance forming the subject-matter of the present invention are illustrated Figure 1 shows in partial sectional elevation a round-burner petroleum lamp with internal and external air regulation.

Fig. 2 shows vertical section through the upper part of a round wick burner with another form of fixing plate and with an air sleeve.

Figs. 3 and 4: show a plan and a vertical middle section of a flat burner with a fixing plate.

Figs. 5 and 6 show in plan and vertical middle section another form of fixing plate for the conversion of the flame of a flat burner into a round flame.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate in plan and in vertical middle section a modified form of the fixing plate in combination with an exchangeable air sleeve.

In Figure 1, 1 denotes the fuel container of a petroleum lamp. Atube 5 passing through the container 1 and supported by a bow 5 leads the air that enters'through apertures 8 in the foot of the lamp to the internal surface of the flame, which is formed at the end of the wick, and which is deflected and spread out by a support 7, mounted at the upper end of a rod 9, which is centrally held and guided 1n brackets 10 and 11 within the tube 5. For

- the raising and lowering of the rod 9 there is provided a transverse pin 12 guided in an ascending arcuate slot 14 in the upper part moaoia of the foot of the lamp, and provided with a handle 13, the said transverse pin 12 being secured in the rod 9. By moving the handle, the distance'of the support 7 from the ring of flame, and the quantity of air supplied through the tube 5, as well as its velocity, can be altered within very narrow limits. The lower edge of the slot may preferably be provided with notches, in which the transverse pin 12 can be held fast when adjusted. The support 7 which is only of small dimensions therefore also transmits no heat to the rod 9 and through the latter to the container 1 so that volatilization of the fuel is accordingly obviated.

Any other suitable gear known in this class of lamps for the purpose of lowering or raising the said support 7 may be employed.

The support 7 widens out conically upwards and has a suitable fastening device for the base part 4 of the closely woven incandescent mantle 3. Since the gas evolved need only flow in contact with the mantle 3 externally, the latter may be more compactly woven and therefore stronger. The shape 'to be given to the mantle corresponds to the shape of the flame.

As Figure 11 shows, the lower end of the rod 9 may be constructed as a rack 9", with which there meshes a gear 35 mounted on a spindle 34 provided with a handle.

The hearings or supports 10 and 11 are resiliently constructed so that they are only held in their position in the tube 5 by frictional pressure. They can therefore be subsequently inserted in the tube 5 of any finished lamp. Since they are perforated they do" not prevent the passagc of air, and are therefore constantly cooled, and transmit no heat to the fuel container and its contents. The plate 7, which is only of small dimensions, therefore also transmits no heat to the rod 9, and through the latter to the said supports; any heating of the container and volatilization of the fuel is accordingly obviated.

The wickG and its outer carrier 15 can be raised and lowered by means of known toothed gearing, and a spindle 17. The tube 15 is guided in the tube 16, which is connected with a gallery carrying a lamp glass 24, and screwed into the aperture in the cover of the container 1.

In the case of lamps of known construction the adjustment of the flame and the regula tion of the inner air supply is eflected simultaneously with the raising and lowering of the wick. This adjustment is not an accurate one because the generation of gas increases when the wick is raised and at the same time the quantity of air supplied is reduced. When the wick is lowered the contrary occurs.

The main feature of the present invention consists in the fact that after adjustment of the correct height of wick which is most favourable to the evolution of gas, the most favourable combustion proportions can be ensured independently of this adjustment of the wick. The supply of additional air to the flame from outside does not supfplement merely the quantity of air necessary or complete combustion, but also exerts a regulating action upon the draught of the lamp, and alters the velocity of the draft and the cooling, in which case the angle at which 'the air meets the flame can be altered, for the purpose of altering the shape, and the dimensions of the flame and its capacity to exert lighting or heating effects.

For the production of these efiects there serves according to the invention a fixing 4 plate 21.

' 6 which projects out of the top of the wick guide 5, 5 below the margin of the wick. This ring which is preferably provided with some holes for permitting the passage of the outer cooling air is passed over the wick and arranged horizontally or nearly so and adjustable in relation to the height of the projecting part of the wick and is held by friction on the outer surface of the wick. The fixing plate, brought in its suitable position,

' divides the projecting part of thewick in a portion upwards the ring for the formation of the flame and in a cool portion below the ring towards the wick guide. The ring takes up the heat of the flame and prevents the striking back of the flame, burning on the margin of the wick, towards the part of wick below the ring.

In the preferred form of the fixing plate according to Fig. 1 this plate is constructed as a flat ring 21 with an elevated inner mar-' gin formed like a cap, which is loosely set upon the upper edge or margin of the wick 6 and is provided in the part of the cap, which rests upon the margin of the wick with holes 21 suitably arranged for the formation of the'designed shape of flame.

This fixing plate is loosely set up on the upper edge of the wick tube 16 when the wick 6 is screwed down into the wick guide 5, 16.

The fixing disc 21 shown in Fig. 2 is provided with a bent inner marginal part or rim 2?. An .air sleeve 23 with holes for leading the inner air flow to the flame burning at the holes 21 of the cap like uppermost part of the fixing plate is inserted in the wicktube 5 or guide and can be shifted more or less in this latter. The fixing plate 21 carries on its outwardly extending part a flat ring 25 of wire gauze or perforated sheet iron, which ring 25 may be loosely set up or also in one piece with the fixing plate. The

ring 25 aids in leading away the heat produced by the flame for strengthening the cooling effect of the fixing plate. For the purpose of extinguishing the flame the wick is slowly turned down, the marginal part 21 of the fixing plate being let down on the guide tube 5 and the margin of the wick passes out of contact with the perforated part of the fixing plate, so that the flame must extinguish.

The ring 25 serves also for cooling the flame, so that the latter cannot ignite the free part of the wick located below the fixing plate, if it should strike back owing to any sudden change in the air pressure, as for ex ample in the event of a gust of wind blowing through the lamp glass from above.

In the constructional form according to Figs. 3 and 4 the wick 6 which is flat and guided in a tube 15 of rectangular cross section carries a modified form of fixing plate 21 of corresponding shape, the fixing plate resting loosely on the wick.

The ignition is effected in the manner previously described. The gas formed passes out through the holes 21 of the fixing plate and burns. After ignition the free surface of the wick located below the fixing plate is lowered into the tube 15 to extinguish the flame below the fixing plate and is then raised to the position of most favorable gas generation.

Figs. 5 and 6 show a constructional form of the fixing plate for fiat wicks, which has onlytwo holes 21 and is combined with a hollow ring 30 mounted thereon, which covers these holes 21, so that the gases evolved pass from these holes 21 into the interior of the ring 30, which has in its upper wall apertures 30*, at which the escaping gases are ignited. In this manner by the aid of a fiat wick, a round flame can be produced. If desired, holes 30 may likewise be provided at the inner and outer side walls of the ring 30.

The constructional form according to Figs. 7 and 8 likewise serves for the production -of a round flame on a flat wick, and also for ensuring the internal air guidance. Upon the fixing plate 21 fitted to the wick is arranged inside the hollow ring 30 an air sleeve 23, which is exchangeable. At the side of the hollow ring is titted a flat sieve ring 25 for the purpose previously indicated.

What I claim is 1. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the complete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting. and heating purposes, comprising a guide adapted to hold a wick projecting out of the top of said guide, a fixing plate having the shape of a fiat ring. surrounding the projccting part of the wick below the margin of the wick and arranged horizontally or nearly so and adjustably in relation to the height of this projecting part of wick, this fixing plate dividing the latter in a portion upwards the ring for the formation of the flame and in a cool portion below the ring towards the wick guide, and preventing the striking back of the flame to this lower part of wic and means for guiding air along this latter part of the wick for the purpose of cooling it.

2. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the complete combustion of liquid face at which holes I the fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comprising a guide adapted to hold a wick proecting out of the top of said guide, a fixing plate having the shape of a flat ring surrounding the projecting part of the wick, with a cap like inner margin covering the up per margin of the wick and being adapted to rest loosely upon the wick this cap shaped part being formed with holes in its top surflame burns. and means for guiding air along the part of the wick located below said fixing plate and projecting out of the wick guide fort-he purpose of cooling said'part of the wick.

3. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the complete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comprising a guide adapted to hold a wick projecting out of the top of said guide, a fixing plate having the shape of a flat ring surrounding the projecting part of the wick with a cap-like inner part covering the upper margin of the wick and being adapted to rest loosely upon thewick, this cap-shaped part being formed with holes in its to surface at which holes. the flame burns an having an overhanging rim for covering the inner side of a round wick to a given distance from the margin of the wick towards the end (it the wick guide, and means for guiding air along the part of the wick located below said fixing plate and projecting out of the wick guide for kthe purpose of cooling said part of the VVlC 4. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the complete combustion of liquld fuels for lighting and heating purposes, com prising a guide adapted to hold a wick pro-. jccting out of the top of said guide, a fixing plate having the shape of a fiat ring surrounding the projecting part of the wick with a cap-like inner margin or part covering the upper margin of the wick, bein adapted to rest loosely upon the wick and l iaving holes in its top surface at which holes the flame burns, a fiat perforated or sieve-like part car- ];ried by the fixing plate and. projecting the vtmteiccontour-lineof this plate for aiding in preventing the striking back of the flame to the wick below the fixing plate-and for reinforcing the cooling efi'ect of the fixing plate and means for guiding air along the part ml the wick located below said fixing plate and projecting out of the wick guide for the purpose of cooling said part of the wick.

5. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the complete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comsaid part of the wick, and an air sleeve formed with perforations for the escape of air supplied internally to the flame through the wick guide in the case of round wick burners.

6. An appliance constructed as a lamp 9r stove for the complete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating urposes, comprising a guide adapted to ho d a wick projecting out of the top of said guide, a fixing plate having the shape of a flat ring surrounding the' projecting part of the wick with a cap like inner part or margin covering the upper margin of the wick, being adapted to rest loosely u on the wick and having holes in its top surtace at which holes the flame burns, means for guiding air along the part of the wick located below said fixing plate and projecting out of the wick guide for the purpose of cooling the said part of the wick, and an air sleeve formed with perforations for the escape of air supplied internally to the flame through the wick guide in the case of round wick burners, said air sleeve being adapted to pass through a central aperture an guide.

7. An appliance constructed as a lamp or stove for the complete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comprising a guide adapted tohol'd a wick proecting out of the top of said guide, a fixlng plate having the shape of a fiat rectangular slide adjustably into the wick ring surrounding the projecting part of the wick with a cap-like part covering the upper margin of the wick, being adapted to rest loosely upon the wick, in combinationwith a hollow annular portion mounted upon the upper side of the cap-like rectangular art,

annular portion having at which the flame burns. 8. An appliance constructed as a lamp or both parts being in communication by oles in the top surface of the cap-like part and the holes in its surface.

52, stove for the complete combustion of liquid fuels for lighting and heating purposes, comprising a guide adapted to hold a wick projecting out of the top of said guide, a fixing i plate having the shape of a flat ring sur rounding the projecting part of the wick with a cap-like inner margin covering the upper margin of the wick, being adapted to rest loosely upon the wick and having holes in its top surface atiwhich holes the flame burns,

iso

it to the shape of the flame burning on the surface of the cap-like part of the fixing plate, the flame enveloping the mantle on its 10 outside only.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

ALADAR DO 2 a

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