US1706773A - Compressed-air starting and reversing means - Google Patents

Description

March 26, 1929. A. u. s. DANIELSSON COMPRESSED AIR STARTING AND REVERSING MEANS Filed Nov. 23, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet /7. u. 6. Danielssofi lmrentor 4, a, w

March 1929* A. u. s. DAVNIELSSON 0 COMPRESSED AIR STARTING AND REVERSING MEANS Filed Nov. 23, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 /7. U. S. Dam'elsson Inventor March 1929- A. u. s. DANIELSSON COMPRESSED AIR STARTING AND REVERSING MEANS 3 Sheets-Sheet Filed Nov. 23, 1925 Uri Patented Mar. 26, 192 9. i

UNITED Sims PATENT VQOFFFICEQZ" AXEL UNO STURE nAmsLsson; or s'roexnotm, SWEDEN, ssrenoa To AKTIIE- BOLAGET ATLAS-DIESEL, ors'rocxnonm swnnnn. v r

coivrrianssnn-Am STAR ING ANnuuvERsme MEAN Application fil ed November 23, 1925, Seria1iNo 70,980, and in Sweden December 1, 1924.

This inventionrelates to a mechanism in internal combustion engines the main object of which is to reverse the rotary direction of the same by means of compressed air but which may be used also for the starting of the engine. The invention may be applied to engines provided with ignitionichamber as well as to engines of Dieseltype. Ac-I cording to the invention a cam or the like whichfcontrols the fuel pump or any other member, which effects the feeding of the fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine and also controls the inlet valve for the compressed air, is. shiftabl'e intoftw'o' different positions relatively to the crank of the engine for movement forwards and backwards respectively. In the transmission between the said cam and the inletvalve for the compressed air a hitand miss device is provided, so that the said valve is acted upon by the cam only while the engine runs of the suction valve and the; retaining of same inopen position is, efiectedby a con vcyer, which is rotated by the cam shaft by friction and by means of a suitable mot-ion transmitting device opens the suction valve,

the rotary direction of the engineis reversed from forwards to backwards orvice versa. Owing to the fact, that in thesaid manner motions for the feeding of the fuel,

the interruption ofsaine and the controlling.

of the adniission valve for compressed air.

are derived from the camshaft a single] hand lever or the like may be provided-for the reversingof therotary direction of the engine will. be perceived from the following description, the controlling ofjthe engine being thereby considerably ifacili tated. o r i In. the accompanying drawings-a form iof the invention applied to an'engi'ne driven liquid fuel according to the system solid injection, is shown asan example, Fig; 1

shows the reversingmechanism. in side view. Fig. 2'1s a plan View of the same. Figs. 3

and 4 show in a side view and in a longitudinal section, th ishiftabl'e adapted tooperate the fuel pump as well as to actuate the admission valve for' the compressed an. Fig. 5 1s a side VIGW'Of the cam shaft. F ig; is alongitudinal sectionof the conveyerstated above. Fig. 7 showsthe fuel-pump and its suction valveon a greater air. Fig. 9 is a detail view showing a hit} and miss d-evice locked in inactive position.

Fig. 10 showsin a side view an engine ar ranged in accordance with the invention. A is the working cylinder of the engine and B the flywheel. The reversing mechanism is provided in a casing(] and the fuelpump is located in; casing D.

"1 ist he cam discv operating the fuel pump.

The said cam disc is shiftable into two difv ferent positions on the shaft 2. rotating the same and actsupon alever arm 5 by means of its'projection '3, said lever'jarm 5, being pivoted at 4 and forcing thepiston or plung;

er a of the fuel pumpinw'ardsagainst the i action of a spring I). Tlie'suction valve of the fuel pump is designated by c. the. plunger ais moved outwards by the's'pring b fuel is sucked from 'a supply pipe (I, passes through the valve 0 and a channel '6.

intothe cylinder f of the pump. v During the inward stroke of the" plunger a fuel is forced throughaspring actuated delivery valve 9 and 'tl'irough a pipe g to a fuel" spreading valve h, which maybe of any suitable or known construction,' and into the" combustion chamber of'the. working cylinr der 7' of theengine. If the rotary direction of thelengi'ne should be reversed for instance from forwards tobackwards, thee-am disc 1 is-shifted on the shaft 2, so that th'e'position' of the cam disc with relation to the crank of the engine, wh le the, engine runs backwards, corresponds'tothe position of the cam disc and the said crank relatively-to one another during theru'nning of the engine forwards-and the forcing of fuel into the the working piston is combustionchamber z' of the engine is started. at the end of th'e'coinpression stroke of journaled in the frame of the engine and provided with hand lever 9. As the said hand lever 9 is shi ted, the cam disc 1 is slid on the shaft 2 in the one and the other direction respectively by the fork 6. In'the inner side of the disc 1 two longitudinal grooves 15 and 16 are provided, which in the different positions respectively of the cam disc co-operate with a key 17 fixed on the shaft 2. A longitudinal ridge 20, 10-" rated between the grooves and 16 and bounding the same at their one side, extends unto the right end of the cam disc, Fig. 4, while a ridge 22 extending round the inner side of the cam disc and bounding the grooves 15 and 16 at their opposite sides does not extend to the said end.

vVhile the engine runs in the one direction and the cam disc 1 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, Fig. 3, the key 17 engages the groove 16. For the reversing of the rotary direction of the engine the cam disc l'is slid by means of the hand lever 9 toward the left, Fig. 4, until the ridge 22 is located outside the left end of the key 17. The engagement of the shaft 2 with the cam disc 1 is thereby interrupted, for which reason the movement of the cam disc 1 is retarded, while the shaft 2 continues in its rotation, until the key 17 strikes the opposite or. left hand side of the ridge and again causes the cam disc 1 to rotate with the shaft 2. The 'cam disc 1' may then he slid toward the right by means of the hand lever 9 or by the'action of a spring 9*, Fig. 10, so that the V groove 15 engages the key 17 and the cam disc is locked to the shaft. During the said shifting of the cam disc 1, however, the projection 3 has come into a different position peripherically relatively to the shaft 2 or has been'shifted through a certain angle to ward the left, Fig. 3, corresponding to the angular distance between the grooves 15 and 16, which new position of the cam disc corresponds to the driving of the engine in a di- .lOIl opposite to the previous direction. If the rotary direction of the engine should be again reversed, the cam disc 1 is again disengaged from the key 17 by means of the hand lever 9, whereupon the key 17 runs idle inside the cam disc, Iuntil it strikes the right-hand side of the ridge 20, and the cam disc may be caused to engage the said ridge by means of its groove 16.

'23 is a bell crank lever pivoted at 24. One of the. arms of the. said lever is connected with the lever 5 means of the link The connection comprises a pin 26 engaging a slot 27 provided in the link and at 31, said surface 30 having a notch 29. A spr1ng'33 forces the said arm 32 against a rod 34, Figs. 1 and 10, acting upon a two armed lever Z actuating a valve on provided between a receptacle containing compressed air (not shown) and the working cylinder ofthe engine. The said valve m is held in closed position by a spring a. Tongue 28- is acted upon toward the arm 32 by a spring 35, fixed in the bell-crank lever 23'. l fhile the hitand miss device is operative, tongue 28 is moved upwardsjby the lever arm 5, link and bell crank lever 23 and. down wards by a return spring 'ltl fixed to the lever 23 and the frame of the e' Qjine. 'lluring the said movement the upper end of the tongue 28 slides on the oblique surface and, as

long as the velocity of the engine is slight, I

the upwardly moved tongue 28engages the notch 29 and swings the arm 32 upwards, thus opening the valve m1, so that the engine is driven by the compressed air. As soon as, however, the velocity of the engine has increased and gained substantially its normal amount the lateral momentum imparted to the upwardly moved tongue 28 by the oblique V surface 30 swings the tongue 28 outwards toward the left, so that it misses the notch 29 and does not act upon the arm 82.

Tongue 28 is then locked in an upper inactive position in the mannerstated below and illustrated in. Fig. 10. V v

The first step of the reversing operation consists in interrupting the supply of fuel, which in the present CaseiseifeCted by open ing the suction valve 0 of thefuel pump. the following means are provided for this purpose. On the shaft 2 a sleeve 41 is. fixed, provided with a groove, in which a ring 42 can rotate. The said ring 42 is located between one. of the bounding flanges of the 41 tends to carry with itself'the ring 42, while the shaft is rota-tedin the one or the.

other direction. A T-shaped teeth 47 isprovided on the peripherical s face of the ring 42 and adapted to co-operate with a "T5 lit) shaped tooth 48 on a link 49, which is con nected with. an arm 50, fixed to a rocking shaft 51. To the said shaft 51 a two-armed lever 52, 53 is fixed. The arms 52 and 513 of the said lever are connected by means of links 54 and 55 respectively with an arm 57, fixed on a shaft 56. The connection between the links 54 and 55 comprises a pin 58 fixed l with helical springs 62 and 63, which act.

, teeth t? and beside the hit and miss device fuel pump.

toward'theleft pin 58 moves freelyin-the in the arm 57 and engaging slots 59 and 60 provided in the links 54 and 55 respectively.

Shaft 56 is provided with a cam disc 0, which n an opening in the link 49 and is providedupon opposite sides of the link 49 and bear against flanges'ti on the link 61 andagainst sleeves 65, slidable on the link 61 and bearing against the link 49.

66 is a pawl, which is pivotedat G7 and acted upon by a spring 68, The object of;

the said pawl 66 is to engage a tooth 69 provided on thebell crank lever 23 and thus, lock the said lever 23 and the tongue 28 in the upper, inactive position,mentioned above and shown in Fig. 9. In the said position the slot 27 permits the lever arm 5 to swing without acting upon the bell. crank lever A link 70 connects a mounting 71 fixed on the linkGl with an arm 72 fixed to a r0 tatable shaft? On the said shaft a ratchet wheel 74: is fixed which isprovided for instance with eight teeth and is engaged by spring actuated pawl 75 carr ed 'by'the arm 72. A star shaped wheel 7 6 IS'fiXGCl' on the shaft 7 8 and adapted toact upon a proiection 66 providedonithe pawl 66 Fig. 9

. 'in order to bring the-pawlz66 out of engagement with the tooth 69 and thus to make free the hitand miss device.

is held out of operation by-the pawl 66 en gaging the tooth G9. The cam shaft 2ro' tates for instance in the direction indicated b the arrow, Fig. 1, and the projection} of the cam disc 1 actuates the piston (L of the fuel pump of the engine, so that the engine runs in the ordinary manner. As the. hand lever 9 is shifted for the reversing of the rotary direction of the engine, link 49 is first lowered, so that the T-shaped, tooth 47' en gages the T-shaped tooth 48, in the manner shown in Fig. 1, and moves the links 49 and '54 toward the left, during which movement the link, 5e shifts the arm 57 and turns the shaft-56 againstthe action of a spring 77 and thus opens the suction valve c of the While the link 54 is moved slot 60 of the link 55. 'As soon as. the suction valve cofthe fuel pumpis opened, the velocity of the engine is reduced. As the hand re'ction.

enginehas been reversed, ring42-is rotated pawl 7 5 into engagement with the subsequent stated above without any member being damaged,he swings the hand lever 9 for a further step in'the same direction, so that the the key 17 by means of the fork6. At the same time link 61 swings the arm 72 downwards for a further distance so that the pawl 7 2 engages f the subsequent tooth of the 'ratchet wheel T l. As the hand lever 9 is then swung in the oppositedirection, the. fork 6 bllDQ'S the cam disc 1. again into engage. ment with the key 17' but now 'in such a position, that theram disc occupies a posicam disc is brought .out of engagement with tion adapted for the driving of the engine 1 in opposite direction, as explained above.

During the shifting of the hand lever 9 in the direction last mentioned the arm 7 2 to gether with the pawl? 5 is moved upwards, so that the pawl 7 5 rotates theratchet wheel 74 and thus the star wheel 76, which latter acting upon. the lower arm of the pawl 66 disengages the said pawl, so'that the hitandmi'ss device is rendered free during the last part of the shifting of the hand lever 9; As long as the enginerruns at a sufficiently great-1 velocity the'tOngIie QS, moved by the} lever 5 through the motion'transmittingdevice 27 23 and against the act-ion of a spring 78, effects .some idle strokes, so that the tongue 28 does not act upon the' armBQ.

Owing to the fact,'however, that the supply of fuel to the working cylinder j of the en- While the engine operates normally, link "49 is held ina raised position, in which the tooth L8 is located outside the path'ofthe and as soon asthe said velocity has beensufiiciently reduced either before or after the].

"disengaging of the pawl 6,6,thetongue 28 will engagethe notch29 of the arm 32, so

thatxthe hitand miss device during each revolutionof-the engine opens the air valve m." Owing to the shifting of the cam-disc 1 thus described, the air valve mwill be held 1n openpos tion during the lastpart of the compression stroke of the piston of the en-' gine, for which reason the air at first exerts a checkingaction duringone or more revo 'lutionsof the engine shaft, until the inertia. of the fiy-wheel ist-not able to ro-tate the crank past its inner dead centre, for which reasonthe engine turns back-and the com pressed air then imparts impulsesto the en-" gine driving the same'in the new rotary di- Afterthe' rotary directionof the by theshaft 2 isthe oposite direction, so. that the T-shaped tooth 47 is disengaged 7 from'the T-shaped tooth 48. Spring 7 7now swings the arm 57 towardtheright,sothat improper moment.

then remain in their n above.

the motion transmit vbeen sul'liciently increased, tongue 28 el'lects idle strokes, as well understood from the above description and, owingto the fact that the fuel pun'ip now operates, the engine is again normally driven by fuel tiled into the combustion chamber 2' oi the engine. As perceived trein the above description no fuel will be fed into the said chamber an The tension of the spring 78 is so adapted, that, after the en ginc gained substantially normal locity, the inertia of the lever 23 and the tongue 24:, while moving; iuiwari s, is able to overcome the tension of the spring 78, so

that the tongue 28 moves through a d'stanre whic 1 is greatcrthan the distanc through l whicl the lever 5 moves the same, the said addition of movement being: rendered pee-- ased in the opposite or right end of the T-shaped teeth 47 of the ring; 42, Fig. 1, the left end of the T-shaped teeth 48, so that the link 49 is moved toward the right and by means ot M device 52, 51, 53

moves the link 55 toward the left so that also in this case the arm 57 is swungtoward the left and the suction valve 0 of the fuel pump is opened. Owing to the T-shape oi the teeth t? and 4-8 the links?) ret 'icd in a reliable'manner in its shifted position and keeps the suction valve 0 in its open position, until therotary motion of the en g ne has been reversed and Consequently ring 4%.. is rotated, in the opposite direction and the teeth 45? disengaged from the tooth 48. As the link 4:9 is torced downwards, tooth i8 l'icai's against the pm'ipherical surfaces of the sleeve 41 and the ring; 44., so that at the shifting oi: the hand lever for the shittingof the cam disc 1, spring 62 is somewhat compressed. the link 61 is movedupwards at the shifting of the hand lever 9 in the. opposite direct 1, also spring (33 somewhat compressed while tooth still the too-ch43 so that the spring- 63 will swing the link 49 upwards, as soon the tooth 4;? disengaged from the teeth .s is

As perceived from the above description all functions, necessary for the reversing of the rotary direction of the engine are eiiec ed by shifting the hand lever 9. ning; of the engine is thereby rendered pecially simple. The air necessary for the reversing of the engine may be gained in I the usual manner by means of a disengage- As the link 49 is then lowered themovement forwards and backwards The runable compressor driven by the engine and an air receptacle. Instead of air any other suitable, compressed gas may housed. V

The deseribedand shown means may, evien ine in either direction by means of cornb pressed a r. I e e i Owing. to the fact that the bearing surand face for the tongue of the hitmiss device is provided on the n'icinber (arm which (Io-operates with the tongue and ""ed by tc y a-oa ted for the proper co-operation of: the nienricrs, andv no'adjusting de vice is necessary, as, on the other hand. the case at hitand miss d used, the tongue oi which-sl to plane separated ti-"in the ac-tu The invention may be modiried respects without ej sam I claim:

1. in a device for s bi'lstion engines wel tary direction 0' compress-cu pump for feeding fuel. into working cylinder or the engine, valve, controlling on a spec nieinoer. in many acceding the limits oft-he the compressed medium, means inter ruptingr the function 01? c said pump, r f

a rotating; cam, adapted to actu to the said pump and, after the interruptionof its function, also the said valve, and means for shifting the said cam into two different angular positions with relation to the crank of the motor shaft wl ereby driving.medium i admitted into the Working cylinder at the position of the piston at the one 2111C the other side respect vely of the dcad centcr fo res ecl tivciy.

2. in a device for startinginternal combustion engines as well as reversing the 10- tary direction of the same by means oif'a compressed medium the combination of a pump 7 for feeding fuel into the WVOi'iilllf}; cylinder of the on; i .e, a valve cont the compressed met n, means for ruptinp; the function o-t the said pir rotat shaft, a cam provided on the -Fi 1., .s {1- 1PM, 1/ v,

new i eta-prev. l0 acruaic tie id, pump nd, i r the interruption of the function the 5 pump reeves provid g d in the cani laterally of one" another, an abutment provided on the cam" between said grooves and a key on said shaft dapted upon relative movement between the shaft and cam peripherally to strike said abutment and. then be brought into e ag with the of the grooves and the angular posit-ion of the cam with relation to the crank of the motor shaft determined by the same being.

so adapted that driving medium is admitted into the Working cylinder at the position or (.ent-ly, be used also for the starting of the the same, the said surl' see may adjacent groove, the positions lai ill)

also the said valve, two

said piston at the one and the other side respectively of the dead center for movement forwards and backwards respectively.

3 In a device for starting internal combustion engines as well as reversing the rotary-direction of the same by means of compressed medium, the combination of a pump for feeding fuel into the working cylinder of the engine, a valve controlling the compressed medium, means for inter-- rupting the function of the said pump, a

tating cam, adapted to actuate the said pump and after the interruption otthe function of the pump, also the said valve and to shifted mto tWO tllffQTQIli? angul r positions 'w1th relation to the crank of the motor shaft for starting and movement forwards and backwards r spectlvely, and motion transmitting means between the said cam and the said valve; comprising a hit and miss device including amovablemember, a swingable tongue, a carrier for the tongue imparting a reciprocating movement thereto, said tongue cooperating with said movable member, and a return spring for said carrier, the tension of the said spring beingv so adapted that, when the engine, after the starting or after the reversing of the same,

rotates at substantially normal velocity, the

inertia of the tongue and its carrying member overcomes the tension of the spring, so

that the tongue moves through a greater stroke, and a catching device locking the tongue after having been thus moved.

4. In a device for'starting internal combustion engines as well as reversing the rotary direction of the same by means ofa compressed medlum the combination, of a pump for feeding fuel into the working cylinder of the engine, a valve controlling the compressed air, a rotating cam, adapted to actuate the said pump and, after the inter ruption of the function of the pump, also the said valve and to'be shifted into two differ-' ent angular positions with relation to the' crank of the motor shaft forstarting and movement forwards and backwards respecgagement with the said catching member,

tively, a rotatable catching member, means for rotating the same by friction, a link, and means for bringingthe'said lmk mto onso that the link is moved longitudinally, and

means whereby the said link, when thus mevechopens the suction valve of the said 'fuel pump, so that the feeding of fuel ismterrupted, until the rotary direction of the enginehas been reversed.

1 5. Starting and reversing device as stated in claim 4, characterized by the catching memberand the link beingeach provided with a T-shaped tooth, means for bringing the link with its tooth into'the path of the tooth of the catching member, so that the tooth of the conveyer member engages the. tooth of the lmk and retains the link and the suctionvalve of the pump in open posi-Y tion, until the rotary direction of the engine and the catching member-has been reversed. 6. Starting and reversmg device as stated in cla m 4, characterized by the catching member and the link being each provided with a Tshaped tooth, means forbrmgmg 1 tween the arms of. said lever and the suction valve actuating. member as the one or the other arm is operative, so that the suction valve is opened at the actuation of the said link in the one and the other direction.

7. In a starting and reversing device as stated in claim 3thc provision of a member adapted to'disengage the catching member of the hit and miss device, and means actuating the said disengaging member at the shifting of the cam.

VAXEL UNO STURE DANInLssoN. I r

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