US1705180A - Process for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents

Description

G. E GLOFF ET AL 1,705,180

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF HYDROGARBON OIL March 12, 1929.

Gus is v Ja Original Filed May 10 1922 Patented Mar. 12, 1929;

UNITED. STATES.

PA NTQQFFICE. 1'

GUSTAV EGLOFF AND .mcoun o. MORRELL, oricnreneo, ILLINOIS,,ASSIGNORS r0 UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION '01! 9 SOUTH DAKOTA.

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC TREATMENT OE HYDROCARBON OIL.

Applicationflled May 10, 1922, Serial No. 559,719. Renewed September 5, 1928.

This invention relates to improvements in a process for treating hydrocarborioils, and

refers more particularly to the conversion of hydrocarbon oils under substantial pressure in the presence of a catalytic agent.

Among the objects of the invention are to provide a process in which the oil is heated to a conversion temperature under substantial pressure, and is permitted to vaporize in the presence of a catalyst whereby an im-' proved quality distillate is obtained and a distillate containing less of unsaturate -hy drocarbons.

elevational view of the apparatus. Refer.- ring to the drawings, the heating tubes 1 are mounted in furnace 2 which is preferably heated by means of gas burner 3. The heat.- ing tubes are connected by means ofthe transfer line 4 controlled by the throttle valve 5 to a series of superimposed vapor.

chambers 6, 7 and 8, the lower chamber is connected to the transfer line by pipe 9 regu-' lated by valve 10, the intermediate chamber by the valve 14. The chambers" are mounted in an insulated heating zone .15 to which the heated stack gases from the furnace may be conveyed through the duct 16, or additional heat added by means of gas burner 17 mount- 7 ed below the heating chamber. The stack 18 s'erves to carry off the. spent gases of-combustion. I A} Fach chamber is equipped with a vapor draw-off line 19 controlled by valves 20 which lead to a common pipe 21 which hasconnection with the dephlegmator 22 through an.

intermediate connection 23 controlled by valve 24." The-dep'hlegmator is connected to water condenser coil 25 mounted in the con-- draw-off valve 32 )ressure au c 33 and a '1 b liquid level gauge 34. I

The reflux liquid condensed in the de- :phlegmator is returned through the line 35 regulated by valve 36. and may be either drawn oil through theline 37 in which is in- The single figure is a diagrammatic side terposed the valve 38, or may befireturned' through the line 39 by proper manipulation of the valves 36, 38 and 44. Reflux oil and catalytic material returned through the lines 35'and 39 may be charged by the pump 41 back to the'heating tubesl The prolonga' tion 21* of the pipe 21 connected with the lines 19 serves asa draw-off pipe for any condensed catalytic material which is separated out in these. lines. This liquid may be drawn off from the system through pipe 42 controlled by valve 43 orrecharged directly with the reflux condensate from the dephlegmator to the heating tubes by closing the valve 43 f and opening the valve 44. i

In operation the oil to be treated is introducedfrom any convenient source through "the line 45and is charged by means of the pump 46 through the inlet line 47 to the heating tubes l'which preferably consist of a contlnuous coil mounted in the furnace. The oil in its travel through the heating zone is raised to a cracking temperature while a substantial pressure-of the generated vapors is maintained during treatment.

Thefoil while at conversion temperature aluminum turnings or any type of disintegrated aluminum in a relatively comminutcd state. During treatment there is introduced through the transfer line and through the body of the heated oil regulated quantities of passes through the transfer line and may be hydrogen chloride or chlorine through the pipe 48 controlled by the valve 49. This gaseous re-agent in combination with the aluminum material in the vapor chambers produces a catalytic substance which promotes materiallythe conversion of the oil and the'qu'ality of the distillate produced therefrom. The vapors evolved in thevap'orizing chambers 'pas's ofi through the draw-off lines 19 to the dephlegmator' through the connecting pipes 21- and and 23 where the vapors are subjected to a refluxing action, There is carried'with 1 these evolved vapors portions of the catalyst separatedoutwith the reflux condensate in i 1 in a sublimed state, Some of the catalyst is I ofi from the'system through the pipe 42 as explained, or may be returned and re-cycled with the reflux condensate to the heating zone for re-treatment' The still vaporize portion of the hydrocarbon vapors rise to the top of the dephlegmator and pass over to the Water condenser, thence to the receiver where they are collected as distillate. Any catalytic substance which may remainwith the vapors is drawn off from the receiver after gravity separation. The catalytic treatment of the oil may take place under substantial pressure or under diflerential pressures maintained in the respective zones by the valves interposed there between. By the alternate use of the diflerent vaporizing chambers, one or more may be cut out for cleaning and recharging with the aluminum turnings. In place of the hydrogen chloride, a mixture of regulated quantities of hydrocarbon vapors and chlorine may be introduced through line 48 and simultaneously passed through the separate inletpipes 19 if all the chambers are employed. Thus the most advantageous conditions may be produced in the conversion in the vaporizing chambers by regulating the quantities of the diilerent gases in- ]ecte I y In practice, mid-continent gas oil of from 30 to 32 Baum being treated to temperatures ranging from 700 to 900 F., and pressures from 50 to 200 pounds have yielded 25 to 30% of high quality distillate with relatively low percentage of unsaturate hydrocarbons,

the distillate ranging in gravity from 48 t0 52 B.

We claim as our invention:

1. A process for the conversion of hydrocarbon oil, consisting in initially raising the oil to a cracking temperature, in injecting into the oil, While at a cracking temperature,

regulated quantities of hydrogenchloride, in passing the cominingled heated oil and hydrogen chloride into an enlarged zone containing a quantity of disintegrated aluminum, in taking ofl vapors from said enlarged zone for condensation and collection, and in maintaining a superatmospheric vapor pressure on the oil undergoing conversion in the process 2. A continuous process for the conversion of hydrocarbon oil, consisting in raising the oil to a cracking temperature in a heating zone, in introducing into the oil, While at a cracking temperature, regulated quantities of hydrogen chloride, in passing the heated hydrocarbon oil and the contained hydrogen chloride into an enlarged vapor chamber, wherein a substantial quantity of disintegrated-aluminum is maintained, in taking oif vapors evolved from the oil from said vapor chamber, in subjecting such vapors to partial condensation, in returning the condensate separated from the vapors to said heating zone for further treatment, in subjecting the vapors uncondensed by subjection to said partial condensation to final condensation, in

collecting the resulting distillate, and in.

maintaining a superatmospheric pressure on the oil undergoing conversion in the process.

GUSTAV EGLOFF. JACQUE C. MORRELL.

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