US1702867A

US1702867A - Electromagnetically-operated pump

Info

Publication number: US1702867A
Application number: US690155A
Authority: US
Inventors: Anatole C Heiny
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1924-02-02
Filing date: 1924-02-02
Publication date: 1929-02-19
Anticipated expiration: 1946-02-19

Description

Feb. 19, 1929. 1,702,867

A. c. HEINY ELECTROMAGNETI CALLY OERATED PUMP Q v h l Feb. 19, 1929. 1,702,867

A. c. HEINY ELECTROMAGNETICALLY OPEQRATED PUMP Imm-Mc,

Filed Feb. 2, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 19, 1929,.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANATOLE C. HEINY, OF RIDGEFIELD PARK, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTROMAGNETICALLY-OPERATED PUMP.

Application med February 2, 1924. serial No. 690,155.

- 'constant contact withit, and descendsand rises with it with every one of its downward or :upward strokes.'

A further feature is that the actuating piston is operated by purely magnetic means, it being in fact the internal iron core of an electro-solenoid which, itself, serves as the pump body or pump cylinder.

One object in devising this new pump was to produce a pump that would not onlybe of the most simple construction,l but should at the same time be of the greatest efficiency, and be able to work at great speed yet having actual resilency in every one of its piston strokes, which resilency is absolutely absentin any and all existing poweractuated piston pumps, unless provided with specially constructed devices for absorbing the so-called hammer strokes.

My pump is therefore valuable not only for pumping liquids, but from' its construction it will be seen that-.itis most eiticient as a vacuum pump. f

The nearest a proach to an absolute Vacuum is the Torricelli, or barometricvaeuum. This nearly perfect vacuum no piston pump however accurately or perfectly constructedv will ever attain and can only approach after prolonged, and therefore costly, operation. Furthermore, pumps suclr as these, on account of their accurate construction, can only be operated relatively'slowly, whereas the action of my pump is always rapid and its speed regulatable.

will therefore be very valuable for labora As avacuum pump it tory work, in refrigerating plants, for steam power houses as condensingpumps, in the manufacture of electric incandescent lamps, and in fact in any industry requiring either the production of a vacuum, or the compression of gases.

Moreover, my pump is particularly available for use on automobiles and othergvehicles having internal combustionengines, forv raising y,the fuel oil from the generally low level placed main fuel tank, vto either `thehigher levelplaced carburetor, or to an intermediate gravity tank. Also, lon the same vehicles, vand in fact in all cases where continuous andautomatic lubrication is required, my-,pump may be used as an oil pump. Furthermore, two of my pumps may,

be joined and made to act as a duplex pump, and 1n such case can take the place of .the

well known 'duplex pumps generally used for boiler feeding, etc, in my dupleX-pump, each pump at the end of its stroke automatically cutting olf its electro-magnetic power and shifting it to the otherone, and viceversa.

In the accompanying. drawings Fig. 1 shows my pump in vertical central sectional elevation; Fig. 2 is a `plan view of the rotary mechanical make and break shown in Fig. 1, to alternately energize and deenergize the solenoid; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional elevation of the upper parts of two of my pumps Vset up as a `duplex pump, and showing one of the various ymethods by which each pumpl breaks its energizing ,current and shifts it to the other pump.;y Fig. 4 is a plan view of thepipe connections of a duplex pump; Fig. V5 is a-sectional view on line 5 5 of Fig. 6 of a double rotary mechanical make and break device by which a duplex pump may be operated; Fig. 6l is a longitudinal sectional view of the same on lineV 6--6 of Fig. 5; and Fig 7 is an enlarged circumferentialview of the same.

In F ig. 1, the solenoid S is of the usual constructiomi. e., made of agiven number of coils 10wound in the usualmanner, but instead of around .a non-conducting or dielectric tube, they are preferably wound around a tube 11-of non-magnetic metal or materialrwhich is also non-amalgamable by mercury, or the metal or material .may be coated in any well known manner with a suitable enamel for rendering the metalor vmaterial nonmagnetic and preventing the amalgamation. Tube 11 is set tightly and nonleakably into abase 12 made of iron. 4Base 12 may be consideredas constituting the fixed end armature of solenoid S.k Base 12 has a downwardly extendinghub 13 soy threaded internally to receive an upwardly extending iron tube 14, and a downwardly extending iron pipe connection 15 by which it is connected to a four-way iron union or double T 16.

The plunger core oi the solenoid may be a plain hollow iron cylinder 20, of magnetic metal, Swedish iron preferably, on account of lits recognized greater magnetic permeability, and preferably coi'istructed as shown, with a iiange 21 and an upper domedike eX- tension 22 for reasons later stated.

The two leads 30 and 31 of the solenoid are connected respectively to a battery B and a switch s. The other side of the battery is connected to a rheostat R. Between the rheostat and the switch is located a rotary mechanical contact make and break device, which may be made of any design, but which I make preferably as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of an insulating tube 40 lixedly set on a rotating shaft 41. Tube 40 is covered by a metal tube 42 having` a number of longitudinal cuts filled up by relief strips 43, which are parts of tube 40. '.lwo

spring contact brushes

44 and 45 are located diametrically opposite one another and in con tinuous contact with the periphery of the make and break device and are respectively connected to the rheostat R and the switch s. Between the rheostat and the switch there may also be located a'hand operated means 46 for making and breaking the circuit which may be of the simple push-button type, and may be manually operated for initially operating the pump for filling the intermediate fuel tank of a motor vehicle in the event of its being empty at the time it is desired to start the engine.

For use on autombiles, either as a fuel feeding pump or, as an oil or lubricating pump, the make and break device 40 may be located on any rotating shaft of the car, on the magnetic shaft or on a cam shaft for example. The rheostat R, the switch a and hand operated make and break 45 preferably would be located on the dashboard of the vcar within easy reach of the drivers hand; the pump, which for either of these two uses, particularly on automobiles, would be of about the dimensions shown in the drawings, and could in either or in both cases also be located on the dashboard either on the drivers side or on the engine side. In fact,

'as later described, two pumps could be eating pump would have its pipe connections 50 connected to the main lubricating oil tank and its pipe connections 51 would branch out to the various parts of the car needing constant lubrication.

Below the 'iconnection member 16, provide a cap 17 the purpose of which aside from use for inspection or cleansing of tube 14, may be to receive and hold, to trap so to speak, any small globules or particles of the mercury employed in the pun'ip, (the purpose of the mercury being` later ex-V plained), that may by heavy ars or bumps of the car, or otherwise be caused to spill into tube 14.

After the pump is set in place and all electrical connections made, the pump body, i. e., the solenoid tube is filled up to about three-fifths of its interior height with mer curyM. Core 2() which is arranged to slidingly fit into tube 11 is set into the tube and will slide therein until it comes into contact with the mercury into which it vill sink until it has displaced a volume of the liquid metal the weight of which will be equal to its own weight, the core shown in p the drawingbeing of 'approximately the suitabley length and being assumed to be the proper weight, the core thus normally projecting a distance out of the solenoid tube. The mercury is thus forced a certain distance upwards but as it cannot pass between the core 2O and the wall of tube 11, it rises in the interior of the core. lf then an electric current is passed through the solenoid this becomes energired and sucks, so to speak, the plunger core 20, downwards. This in turn presses upon t ie mercury which is forced to rise to a higher level and thus forces the air above it down tube 14 to the T-connection 16 out of which it can only escape by passing through chock-valve 18 into pipe 51. On breaking the electric current around the solenoid the downward pull of the core ceases and the mercury, which is of nearly twice the specilicv gravity of the iron core, forces thecore upwards and baci;

into the fioating position it occupied be' ire the energizing of the solenoid. The inercury on falling back to its tormer level leaves behind it a partial vacuum, which is in-k stantly relillcd by. air from the pipe connection 50 passing through check-valve 19. After a few initial manually effected solcnoid energizing and cle-energizing operations of the make and break, or push-br# ton switch 46, all the air in the pipe connf tion 50 and tube 14, and nearly all that above the mercury, will be expelledand re y placed by liquid raised by the pump from a lower to a higher level. rli`hese hand oper-A ations are of course made only at the start after the first setting up of the pump, for the purpose of priming the pump, or after an inspection or cleaning operation of the incase? i pump, after which thesame-'functions will be performed by the rotary make and break device. Y n

As before stated, some of the air above the mercury column will not be expelled; such air, after the pump is fully primed and in operation being confined wholly in the upper part of the dome-like extension 22 of the iron core. This air will at each downward stroke of the iron core and consequent upward rising of the mercury be compressed. This compression has two-fold effect, one of which will be to cause a smooth outflow of. the liquid in tube 14, the other effect being that immediately after the cutting off of the solenoid energizingr current, by its distention pressure on the mercury column, the iron core 20 will be made to rise much quicker than it would if its upward push was caused by the gravity pressure of the mercury column alone.

n As it is very desirable, if not altogether necessary, that the total return stroke of the piston core. 20 be made in a period of time equal to that of its descending stroke, or in the period of interruption of the elec# tric current in the solenoid, which period is determined by the width of the dielectric strips 43 of the rotary make and break device and of course by the rotating speed of this device, I have recourse to the disposition as shown by the dash and dot lines in Fig. 1. This disposition consists in enclosing the upper part of the piston core 20 in an air,- tight, dome-like cylinder of non-magnetic metal, the inner wall of which serves, as nearl as possible, asa frictionless guide to flange 21 .of the piston, and in the periphery of which are cut small notches for the passage of the air between said fiange and the top of the solenoid on the descending stroke of the piston, or vice-versa. By this disposition I obtain the following effects.. On

starting operation, andr when the piston-corev 2() is as far out of the solenoid as desired, the air-cock 71 on the top of the cylinder 70 is closed, and the amount of air in the cylinder is then equal to the cylinders interior volume less t 1ev volume of all that part of the piston core,vlange included, extending above the solenoid. It is therefore obvious that when the piston-core descends into the solenoid the air-space inthe cylinder will increase to as much in volume as is the volume of the piston-core which has penetrated into .the solenoid, and as cock 71 is closed and no outside air can replace the deficiency, the enclosed air must then expand and thus there is produced a slight vacuum in the cylinder the direct effect of which will be a decrease in pressure on t-he piston-core, and hence an additional increase 'in the speed of its return stroke.

Referring to Fig. 2, which is a plan view of the rotary mechanical make and break device which may be mounted on any ro-Q tating shaft, preferably in proximity to the pump, but't-his'means of operating the pump is not necessarily the only one. Any means, in fact, by which an intermittent electric current may be sent through the solenoid, may be resorted to. The pump as a single unit, or when joined withanother to form a duplex pump as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, can be operated also by automatic means such as shown in Fig. 4.

Pumps P and P in Fig. 3 are of the sam-e construction as that shown in Fig. 1 with the dome-like cylinder 70 by which, and by their pipe connection, they are coupled together to form what I term a duplex-pump. In Fig. 3 I show these pumps actioned by an automatic electric make and break device, generally denoted by E, but they can as well be 'operated by a rotary make and break device similar in principle of construction'to that shown in Fig. 1 as will be shown later.

Domes

70 and 70 have in addition to the aircock 71 and 71 ajhorizontal cylindrical extension 72 'and 72 facing eachother on a same plane and aX-is. In each is located a

piston

73 and 73 fittingclosely yet slidingly the inner wall of their respective cylinders. The stems 74 of these pistons are y connected together vby means of a tubular union 74, the stems passing close vfittingly through the hub of the cylinder caps 75 and 75 which close but not hermetically the outer end of the cylinders 72 and 72. These caps support above and below two distance brackets 76 and 7 6 which in turn 4 support the automatic electric circuit make vand break device E. The circuit make and break device is composed of the following parts. Two poles knife-switches and 90; two swinging knife-bars 91 and 91'; a knife-bars distance link 93, and the make and break links 94 and 94 with their supporting slide-rods 95 `and 95.

Switches

90 and 90 are insulatingly mounted lon the distance bracket 76; knife-bars 91 and 91 are hingedly and swingingly mounted on the same bracket near their respective switches, the knives proper being insulatingly mountedon the swinging end of their bar, each. of which is 'linked to the other by the lsaid distance-link 93. This link bar is of such a 'length that when one knife is engaged in its switch, the other knife is disengaged froin the otherswitch. Links 94 and A94 are hinged together at one end by a common pin 96 which passes centrally through a longitudinalslot 96 out through the tubular union 74; at their other ends links 94 and 94 are hinged to the heads of the slide rods 95 and-95. These rods pass slidingly through a central bore in their supporting

brackets

76 and 76, helicoidal springs 97 and 97 aroundthe rods, between their heads and their respective supporting bracket always tending; to push the linkheads towards one another and away from the supportingbrackets 76 anl 76. Their pressure is therefore exerted on the breaklinks 94 and 94, and through these, but more directly so by hnk 94 to the distance-link bar 93, and by this bar to the swingingknife-bars 9i and 9l, to bring,` one of them into ci itact or engagement with its respech and to disengage the other from the other switch.

rl`he operation of the whole make and break device is as follows: Piston-core 20 of of pump P is supposed to have come to the end of its downward stroke, and the electric 'current that energized its solenoid l0 to have been switched to the solenoid l of pump P, by the engagement of knife 91 with switch 90, and therefore piston-core is at the start of its downward stroke and piston-core 29 at the start of its return upward, or back-stroke. As explained previously, the air in dome-cylinder 70 will become ra 'ified on account of said downward stroke of core 20 and the air in domecylinder 7() will be brouiht back to its former atmospheric pressure. Both of these effects will simultaneously react with equal force on both pistons 78 and 73', on piston 73 with an outward pressure and on piston 7&3 with an inward suction, the effect loing that the tubular union 74 will be pushed away from pump P towards pump P. in its course it will come into contact with pin 9G which passes through its slot 95; pin 96 will force both links 94 and 94 towards the right, but as these links are respectively held by the hinge-heads of the slide-rods 95 and 95', these latter are forced `respcctively upwards and downwards in their bore until links 94 and 94 have come with their vertical. axis in. line with that of the rods. [it that moment a pin 98, fiXedly set in link 94 and passing through a longitudinal slot 98 cut centrallyv in distancelink 93, comes in Contact with the rightside end of this slot in readiness to push the link t-'iiifards the right the moment pistons 73 7 in the continuance of their course oin left to right, have forced links 94 and 94 to pass to the right of their vertical axis when the springs 97 and 97 will react and push them with a snap-like action away from said vertical axis and thus, with a like action, by means of pin 9S and distance-link 98, disengavsre knife 91 from switch 90, and cne'are knife 91 with switch 90. By this current is thus cut o L.ion the electric switched over again from solenoid l0" and to solenoi d l() with the consequent action on their core which produces an alternating` pump action similar to the present welllinown self-acting; duplex-pumps.

rlhe automatic circuit make and break device E just described is only one of the many ways in which a rapid and instantaneous witch of current from one pump-solenoid to the other may be provided for actioning my pump in duplex installations. For eX- ample l may mention the well known snapswitch in use in lighting-1 systems which may take the place of

switches

90 and 90 and their knives. ln fact any other such devices may be employed, but l prefer to employ the switch just described because I believe it to be entirely novel and its construction will be more suitable for the larger kind of pumps where a heavy electric current would be required for the operation of the pumps. lt also may be noted that the rotary make and break shown in Fig. l could be V:replaced by this kind of automatic male and break device for the operation of my pump in single units, one single switch only being,- then necessary. lf a pump P provided with the device E, only one switch would be employed, namely switch 90. liston-core 20 being` on its upward return stroke would force piston 73 outwardly to push bars 94 and 94 over their dead lino vertical axis and to close switch 99', when piston-core 2O would be started again on its `downward stroke, rarifying the air in dome 70 and thus, sucking; piston 73 inwardly would reopen switch 90', and so on until the current is cut off at the main switch. But, the preferred mede of operating my single pump is the one shown inA Fig. l, whenever and wherever it is to be operated in conjunction with machinery having;` shafts of suitable size and revolution speed for the adaptation on them of the device, or for driving a separately built one. Even for duplex pumps in similar circumstances a rotary make and break device would be my preferred form, and only in cases where no such rotating shafts are available may l have recourse to the make and break device E, the former being` considerably cheaper to build, even for duplex pumps as can be seen in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 which show its construction and which is as follows. As in the case of the single pump rotary make and break device l use an insulating` tube 40 set on rotating` shaft 4l. But instead of covering this tube with only one metal tube of the design as described, l use two tubes, 46 and 47, one on each end of the tuoe 40 and with their

tongues

46 and 47" set at equal distance one from the other, and all the open spaces between them and the opposite tube or ring body filled up by strips 43 cut in relief on the periphery of tube 40, (see Fig. 7). For actuating the duplex pump three brushes are required, one brush 44 connected to one side of the source of power and two brushes 48 and 4S connected, one to one solenoid and the other to the other solenoid, the other ends of the solenoids be- Lie ing joinedbya common return wirev to the other-side or the source of power. The current arriving by brush 44 is thus alternately shifted from one solenoid to the `other as it passes 'from ya tongue oi onemetal ring to the 'following tongue belonging' to the other ring, with afcertain length of time of complete current interruption .in bothr solenoids.y Thus in Fig. 7, the current arriving by brush 44 is transmitted to brush 48, then by.

the turning o1 the device, in either direction, brush 44 will pass over an insulation strip 43 cutting the current from the solenoid connected'to brush 48, and on coming in Contact with the metallic tongue appurtenant to metal ring 46, the current will be sent to the other solenoid by way of brush LS, yand so on, vicefversa. f

In the automatic make and break device shown in Fig. 3 the wiring is as follows. A'

joined together by a common .return-wire W leading to the other side of the' source of power B by way of switch S and rheostat R. .As shown in Fig. 3 the current is therefore passing from B: loyl wire W and wire fwto switch 90, and from this switch to solenoid 10 by Wire -w---, and from the solenoid 10 to-main switches by wire W, Land from thisswitch, supposedly closed, by rheostat R back to B Regarding the pipe connections of the du*- pleX pump of Fig. 3,' they are shown in Fig. 4. Both pumps have one common suction pipe 100 which divides into two branches by, means of a T-member k101, one branch for pump P, the other for pump P.. ,BothA branches are of identical construction and are composed of suction elbows 102 and 102',

suction check-

valves

103 and 103, of T-

members

104 and 104 which may be both suction and delivery members, delivery check-

valves

105 and 105, elbows 106 land 106 and a common ydelivery T-member v107 leading kto the common delivery pipe108.v

Pipes

109 and 109 respectively connect .iT-

member

104 and 104 to T-members 16 and 16 current is shifted from one solenoid to the other, the liquid passing through

pipes

109 and 109 first, `in the direction towards the pump the piston-core 'of which is ascending while in the other pipe it flows in receding direction from the pump on account of the descending motion Vof Vthe piston-core of the pump which forces it through the delivery check-valveof its branch and into the delivery pipe 107. Y l 4 Having'thus described my invention, it

should be understood that there may be4 modifications thereof and variations therein withoutl departing from the-spirit of the "invention, or exceeding the scope of the appended claims. l

What Iclaim and desire to protectby Let ters Patent is 1. In a pump, ahollow cylinder of non'- magnetic material; coils around said cylinder;y means operatively connected `to said coils for alternately energizing and de-enerfgizing the coils; a plunger of `magnetic materialin the cylinder Aand provided with a chamber in one end; the plunger being movable in one direction of. reciprocation when said coils are energized; and mercury in said cylinder and chamber for moving the plunger in the cylinder in directionof reciprocation reverse to the first direction when said coils are-dc-energized. V

2. A pump comprlsing hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material, the cylinder be-k ing closed at one end and having an aperture through its closed end; coils around said cylinder; mechanism operatively connected to said coils for alternately electrically energizing and de-energizin-g the coils; a plunger of magnetic material in the cylinder having av chambered interior, `the plunger being movable in one direction of reciprocation when said coils are energized.; a pipe passing through said aperture of the cylinder and having an o en end located inthe chamber-ed interior o the plunger; an inlet and outlet member connected tothe opposite end'of saidpipe; an *inletV valve and an Aoutlet valve appurtenant to saidmember; and means free from actuation by electricity for movingtheplunger in directionreverse tothe first directionwhen the coils are deenergized.` l

3. A .pump comprising a hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material, the cylinder' being closed at one end and having an aperture through its closed end; coils around said cylinder; mechanismV :operatively connected to said coils vfor alternately electricallyy energizing and de-energizing the coils; va plunger of magnetic material inthe cylinder havingfal chambered interior, the plunger being movable in one directionof recipro- .Y

cation when said coils are energized; a pipe vpassing throughsaid aperture. of thecylinchambered interior of the plunger; an inlet and outlet member connected to the opposite end of said pipo; an inlet valve and an outlet valve appartenant to said member; and mercury in said cylinder and in said chambered interior of the plunger; the plunger when said coils cle-energized being movable in direction reverse to 'the lirst direction by return of the mercury to normal position after displacement by movement oi' the plunger in the lirst direction.

Il. A pump comprising a hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material, the cylinder being closed at one end and having an aperture through its closed end; coils around said cylinder; mechanism operatively connected to said coils lor alternately electrically energizing and die-energizing the coils; a vplunger of magnetic material in the cylinder having a chambcred interior and a chamber communicating wit-h the chambered interior; the plunger being movable in one direction of reciprocation when said coils are energized; a pipe passing through said aperture of the cylinder and having an open end located in the chambered ulterior oi the cylinder adjacently to said chamber; an inlet and outlet member connected to the opposite end of said pipe; an inlet valve and an outlet valve appurtenant to member; and mercury in said cylinder and in said chambered interior ol the plunger; there being inherent air in said chambered interior and in said chamber; the plunger when said coils are cle-energized being movable in direction reverse to the first direction by return of the mercury to normal position after displacement by movement ol' the plunger in the first direction and by said inherent air cooperating with the plunger.

5. A pump comprising a hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material; the cylinder being closed at one end and having an aperture through its closed end; coils around said cylinder;rmechanism operatively connected to said coils for alternately electrically energizing and de-energizing the coils; a plunger of magnetic material in the cylinder having a chambered interior and a chamber coinmunicating` with the chamber'ed interior; the plunger being movable in one direction of reciprocation when said coils are encrgized; a pipe passing tlnough said aperture of the cylinder and having an open end located in the chambered interior of the cylinder adjacently to said chamber an inlet and outlet member connected to the opposite end ont said pipe; an inlet valve and an outlet valve appui-tenant to said member; mercury in said cylinder and insaid chambered interior ol the plunger; there'being inherent air in said chambered interior and chamber; the plunger when said coils are de-energized beingv movable in direction reverse to the lirst direction by return o'l the mercury to normal position after displacement by' movement of the plunger in the first direction and Vby said inherent air cooperating with the mercury; and a trap in said inlet and outlet member for receiving stray portions ot' the mercury.

6.V In a pump a tube of non-magnetic material; coils around said tube; an iron base 'for closing the tube at one end and having an apertured neck; a plunger of magnetic metal in said tube having a chambered interior and having an annular laterally eX- tending llange near its upper end and a dome extension providing an air chamber communicating with said chambered interior; an open ended pipe secured at one end in said neck and passing throughy the lower portion of said tube and the chamberedinterior ol the plunger to a point adjacentto 'said air chamber; mercury in said tube and in the chambered interior' of the plunger and normally maintaining the plunger partially projected 'from said tube; and means iior alternately electrically energizing and rie-energizing said coils.

7. in a pump a tube ol non-magnetic material; coils around said tube;-an iron base Vfor closing the tube at one end and having an apertured neck; a plunger of magnetic metal in said tube having a chambered interior and having an annular laterally eX- tending flange near its upper endand an extension providing an air chamber comn'iunicating with said chambered interior; an open ended pipe secured at one end in said neck and passing through the lower portion ot said tube and the chainbered interior or the plunger to a point adjacent to said air chamber; mercury in said tube and in the chambered interior of the'plunger and normally maintaining the plunger partially Yprojected from said tube; rotatable means for alternately electrically energizing and cle-energizing said coils; and means for rotating the lirst means.

8. In a pump a tube of non-magnetic metal; coils around saidtube; an iron base -tor closing the tube at one end and having an apertured neck; a plunger ot magnetic metal in said tube having a chambered interior and having an annular'laterally extending flange near its upper end and an eX'- j tension providing an air 'chamber communicating with said chambered interior; an open ended pipe secured at one end in said neck and passing through thel lower portion .of

`said tube and the chambered interiorv of the plunoer to a point adjacent `to said air chamber; mercury in said tube and in the chambercd interior olz the' plunger and normally maintaining the plunger partially projected from said tube; rotatable means for alternately electrically energizing and cle-energizing said coils; means for rotating the first means; and. manually operable means vease? for starting operation of the first means independently of said means for rotating.

- 9. A pump comprising a tube of non-magnctic material; coils around said tube; an iron base for closing the tube at one end and having Aan apertured neck; a plunger of magnetic metal in said tube havinga chambered interior and having an annularlaterally extending flange near its upper end and and an extension providing an air chamber communicating With said chambered interior; an open ended pipe secured at one end in said neck and kpassing through the lower portion oit said tube and the chambeied interior of the plunger to a point adjacent tovsaid air chamber; mercury in said tube and in the chambered interior ot the plunger and normally maintaining the plunger partially projected from said tube; a branch pipe connected to the neck ot the base ot said tube and provided with a trap for stray portions ot mercury; a check-valve at the inlet ot the branch pipe and a check-valve at the outlet tliereof;.and means for alternately electrically energizing and cle-energizing said coils.

10. A pump comprising a tube of nonmagnetic metal; coils around said tube; an iron base Jfor closing the tube at an end and having an apertured neck; a plunger ot magnetic metal in said tube having a chambered interior and having an annular laterally eX- tending flange near its upper end and an extension providing an air chamber communicating with said chambered interior; an open ended pipe secured at one end in said neck and passing through the lower portion of said tube and the chambered .in-l

terioil of the plunger to a point adjacent to said air chamber; mercury in said tube and in the chanibered interior of the plunger and nornjially maintaining the plunger partially projected from `said tube; a .branch pipe connected tothe base of the neck of said tube and provided with a trap for stray portions oit mercury; a check-valve at the inlet ot the branch pipevand a checkvalve at tlievoutlet thereof; rotatable meansV lr'or alternately electrically energizing yand cle-energizing said coils; and means for io-` tating the irst means. Y

1l. A pump comprising` a tube of non.

magnetic metal;vcoils around said tube; an iron base for closing the tube at one end and having an apertured neck; a. plunger of magnetic metal in said tube having a chambered interior and having an annular laterally eX- tending flange near its upper end and an extension providing an air chamber coininunicating with said cliainbered interior; an

open ended pipe secured at one end in said neck and passing through the lower portion ot said tube and the cliambered interior ot' the plunger to a point adjacent tosaid air chamber; mercury in said tube andin the chambered interior of the plunger and normally maintaining the plungerl partially projected from said tube; a branch pipe connected to the base otl theneck of said tube and provided With a trap for stray portions of mercury; a check-valve at the inlet of the branch pipe and a check-valve at the outlet thereof; rotatable means for alternately electrically energizing and de-energizing said coils; means for rotating the first means; and -manually operable means for starting operation of the first meansl independently ot said means for rotating.

12. In a pump a solenoidv the shell oit which constitutes the pump cylinder and the core of which constitutes tlie pump plunger; means for alternately energizing and de-en-y ergizing the solenoid; the core being moved in one direction When the solenoid is energized.; and mercury in said shell for moving the core in direction reverse to its first direction when the solenoid yis de-energized.

13. In a pump, a solenoid, the shell of which constitutes the pump cylinder and the core ot which` constitutes the pump plunger, said core having a Acliambered interior; means for alternately energizing and de-energizing the solenoid, the core being moved in one direction when the solenoid is energized; and mercury in said shell and in said chambered interior for moving the core ,in direction reverse to the lirst direction when the solenoid is de-energized.

lmercury in-said shell and -in said cliambered interior for movingthe core in direction reverse to theftirst direction When the solenoid is de-energized; said inherent air cooperating with thev mercury for moving the core lll) ll Ina pump, a solenoid the slielliofv which constitutes the pump cylinderl and the coie of which constitutes the pump plunger; a suction pipe in the shell-cylinder; the coreplunger when reciprocated cooperating with said pipe for producing suction in the pipe,

the coreplunger being movable in one direc tion of reciprocation when the solenoid is energized, and means in the shell-cylinder disposed around said pipe for moving the i core-plunger in direction of reciprocation reverse to the first direction when tliesolenoid is de-energized. l

16. In a pump; a solenoid the shell of which constitutes the pump cylinder and the core of Which constitutes the pump plunger,` i

said core-plunger havingV a chambered interior at one end thereof; a suction pipe eX-` tending into the shell-cylinder and received at one el its ends in 'said chambered interior, the core-plunger being movable in one direction of reciprocation When the solenoid is energized, and means for moving the coreplunger in direction or' reciprocation reverse to the lirst direction when the solenoid is cle-energized. i

17. In a pump, A solenoid the shell of which constitutes the pump cylinder and the core of which constitutes the pump plunger, said core-plunger having a chainbered interior at one end thereof, a suction pipe eX- tending into the shell-cylinder and received at one of its ends in said chambered interior, the core-plunger being movable in one direction of reciprocation when the solenoid is energized, and means in the shell-cylinder disposed around said Vpipe for moving the core-plunger'in direction o'l reciprocation reverse to the lirst direction when the solenoid is cle-energized.

I8. In a pump, a suction pipe, and a solenoid the shell of which constitutes y the pump cylinder and the core or which constitutes the pump plunger, said core-plunger having a ohambered interior at one end thereo'lr 'for receiving the adjacent end of said pipe, said core-plunger lwhen reciprocated cooperating With said pipe for producing suction in the pipe.

19. In a pump, a cylinder of noirmagnetic material having an air rarifying chamber, coils around said cylinder; a plunger of magnetic material in the cylinder moved in one direction When said coils are energized, and means for moving the plunger around said cylinder; a plunger of magnetic material in the cylinder moved in one direction when said coils are energized, and means for moving the plunger in direction reverse to the lirst direction when said coils are (le-energized, the plunger having an end portion extending into said cylinder and movable therein When the plunger is moved, said end portion being adapted to permit passage olair from one portion of said chamber to another portion thereof when the plunger is moved.V

2l. In a pump, a cylinder oi non-magnetic material having an air rarifying chamber provided with open and closable means communicating With the atmosphere; coils around said cylinder; a plunger of magnetic material in the cylinder moved in one direction `when said coils are energized, and

means i'ior moving the plunger in directionV reverse to the iirst direction when said coils are cle-energized, the plunger having an end c and means for moving the plunger in direc-y tion reverse to the first direction vvnen said coils are cle-energized, the plunger having an end portion extending into said chamber and movable therein When the plunger is moved, said end portion being provided With a transverse annular iange permitting passage o'l air in said chamber between the portions of the chamber separated by said ilange.

ANAfroLn o.V i-iniNY.