US1702837A - Island - Google Patents

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US1702837A
US1702837A US1702837DA US1702837A US 1702837 A US1702837 A US 1702837A US 1702837D A US1702837D A US 1702837DA US 1702837 A US1702837 A US 1702837A
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Prior art keywords
package
thread
rayon
drying
washing
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
    • D01D10/0409—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment on bobbins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D7/00—Collecting the newly-spun products
    • D01D7/02—Collecting the newly-spun products in centrifugal spinning pots

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rayon (artificial silk) and processes of making rayon and is intended primarily as an improvem-ent in the production of rayon from a viscose by the pot spinning process, although in certainv aspects the invention is applicable to the production of rayon from other substances and by other spinning processes.
  • a cellulose solutionA such as viscose
  • a cellulose solutionA such as viscose
  • a cellulose solutionA such as viscose
  • the filaments are then gathered together to form a thread and the thread is guided to a centrifuge pot by which it is twisted and formed into a socalled cakc.
  • the thread is wound on reels to form skeins which are then subjected to a series of operations to prepare the rayon for commercial use.
  • the skeins .of thread may be bleached and oiled and afteragain being dried are ready for use as White or uncolored rayon. Where colored material is desired, it is usually dyed after the last drying operation, either in the skein or subsequent to the Weaving of the rayon into cloth.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to devise a method for the manufac ture of rayon which is, as compared With present day methods, simple and inexpensive, which results in the production of thread of high strength and luster and uniform color, and which avoids thebreakage of filaments at any stage in the treatment and the production of thread which must be graded as inferior from this cause.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a package of precipitated fiber in a condition to permit convenient and rapid operations of bleaching, dyeing, and the like with substantially uniform effect upon all parts of the fiber and with little danger of breakage or other mechanical injury.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to produce rayon of high strength and possessing the desirable characteristics of luster and color which are 4uniform throughout the product.
  • the principal feature of the present invention comprises a method by Which all operations subsequent to the gathering and twisting of the laments are performed upon a tightly Wound package of thread.
  • he package is preferably formed on a hollow perforated tube or spindle, the fiber being Wound thereon directly from the so-called cake formed in the centrifuge pot of the spinning machine.
  • this Winding operation no endeavor is made to Wash the fiber or to treat it chemically, the purpose being to Wind the thread in a closely compacted mass Which is permeated by the solutions present in the spin ning bath. At this time also, it is desirable to prevent drying of the thread.
  • Thestructure'oi the package, due to the V fact that the liber forms only a vsmall per ⁇ centage ofthe total weight, allows the treating fluids readily to pass through Vthe package while sulicient resistance is offered to the flow of; 'the liquids, insure la uniform peneby subjecting the packagee color 'and luster 4as well ⁇ for the subsequent operati-ons of b tration ot the ii'uidsto .all parts of the thread in'ass.
  • v'lhe'se operations are best carried out i under pressure, iiiorder that thorough conat all pants ai the thread may be ef-V fected, the compact winding of the thread preventifiig'iundue stresses en 'any Vparts thereof which V'might xteiii'dto weaken or destroy the fibers. .Ait r treatment, the package is dried y suitable manner.
  • Fig. i is a View in 'sideelevationofa cake after beine" removed vfrom the centrifuge pot.
  • Fig-.”2 is a view in sid-.e elevation or the package as it comes from the winding machine, a portion ofthe thread mass being broken away to show the lperforated* tube upon which the thread mass is supported.
  • Fig, 3 is fa detail view ofaportion of an apparatus in which the packages maybe subjected to the various solutions employed for treatintgv the thread, illustrating the manner-in which the .packages maybe supported to enable the soluti to b'exi'orced through the packages.
  • ' i is a View in side-elevation :of the apparatus, a
  • FIG. 5 is a View in fend elevati-on 'of a carri-arge forming a portion ci a drying ⁇ apparatus readyl Ydr ino' chamber into whichr .the carriao'e has r3 v n been rolled.
  • the preferred torni of the invention which fwill now be described in detail, consists in the manufacture of rayon from viscose.
  • the viscose'or cellulose .solution is produced from Wood pulp or cotton linters oi a combination ef both in the usual manner.
  • the ll'uid viscose is forced through a spinnei'et oi' any usual or preferred form into the precipitatbafth which comprises a solution of sodium sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid.
  • the ilaments, utter traversing a. suliiicient distance in theYpreci-pitatingibath to cause complete formation of the liber, are gathered together tol forni a thread or yarn.
  • the yarn isV passed out of thebalth yinto a cen trituge pot of the usual -forin which rotates at a speed of several thousand revolutions per minute, the yarn being' thrown out by centrifugal io'rce and coiled in a. cake Within the pot.
  • a lcake formed in this manner is indicated at 7 vin Fig. l.
  • the rotation of the centrifuge pot produces the ⁇ necessary twist for retaining the filaments in thread formation.
  • the process is similar to that usually carried out for ythe manufacture ofi .rayon by thc viscose method.
  • the support preferably consists ot :a hollow perforated tu-be,such as is in dicared at'8 in Fig.. 2 in order to permit the forcing oi water or any other solutions through the package for purposes of washing, bleaching, sizing, dyeing, etc.
  • the package woundion'a winding machineand during the universal winding operation, the yarn is maintained under a light tension but suilicient tension to form ka compacted mass 'on the .tube as indicated at Qin Fig. 2.
  • the package comprises only a small proportion Iolite Weight asfiber, usualof water and the precipitating salts.
  • the package is nowv ready to be treated by the usual solutions employed for washing, desulphurizing, bleaching, oiling, sizing, dyeing, etc.
  • the package may be kept as formed until any of these subsequent operations are to be performed.
  • the washing is carried out by forcing water or suitable washing solution under pressure through the pack aga-For uniform effect on all parts of the fiber, the washing is carried out alternately in opposite directions, from the interior of the tube outwardly and from the exterior of I. the tube inwardly.
  • the appearance of the package is not greatly different from its appearance when first wound from the centrifuge pot except that it is not quite so hard, although still tightly compacted.
  • FIGs. 3 and l An apparatus by which the washing can be carried out as above described is illustrated in Figs. 3 and l.
  • This apparatus comprises a tank 10 provided with a false bottom 11 and with a tightly fitting hinged cover 12 which may be securely bolted in closed position.
  • the false bottom 11 divides the tank 10 into two chambers which communicate respectively with the pipes 13 and 14.
  • Hollow perforated spindles 15 extend upwardly from the false bottom 11 and are adapted to support' the perforated tubes 8 of the thread package as indicated in Fig. 3.
  • the spindles 15 are closed at their upper ends and at their lower ends commuicate with the chamber below the false bottom so that the washing solution can pass from one chamber of the tank to the other' only through the perforated spindles.
  • the packages are supported on the spindles by conical rubber washers indicated at 16 and these washers are arn ranged to prevent any flow of the washing solution between the upper chamber of the tank and the interior of the perforated spindles except through the thread mass.
  • the washing solution is .supplied from a tank indicated at 17. This tank communicates through a pipe 18 with a motor driven pump 19 and vthis pump is connected through a pipe 20 to a four-way valve 21.
  • the pipes 13 and 14 lead to this valve as does also a pipe 22 through which the washing fiuid is returned to the tank 17.
  • the pump 19 supplies the washing solution to the valve 21 at the desired pressure and by means of the valve 21 the washing solution can be caused to flow altere nately in opposite directions through the pipes 13 and 14l through the packages supported on the perforated spindles in the tank 10.
  • the package After washing, the package is subjected to the usual solutions for desulphurizing, bleaching, oiling, sizing, dyeing, etc. the yarn.
  • solutions for desulphurizing, bleaching, oiling, sizing, dyeing, etc. the yarn may be such as are ordinarily employed in the viscose process and may be applied in the same manner as the washing solution, that is by forcing them under pressure first in one direction and then in the other through the package, by means of the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 3 and fi.
  • the result of the above operations may be the production of bleached white rayon, which after drying7 is satisfactoryA for commerical use.
  • a dyeing operation is performed on the package either in addition to or in substitution for the bleaching treatment. ln such case the dye is forced through the package alternately from the inside outwardly and from the outside inwardly under pressure as in the washing, operation.
  • the precipitating salts well as some of the chemicals used for desulphurizing, may be present in the package during the dyeing operation, they are not detrimental at this time, but in fact have a beneficial e'ect because they act somewhat in the nature of mordants to assist inthe absorption of dye by the fiber.
  • the dyeing step is carried out prior to any drying of the yarn because, as previously stated, of the fact Vthat crystallization of a large ammini: of the salts carried over from the precipita ing bath, is likely to detract-slightly from the high quality of the product. Drying of the fiber prior to dyeing, has moreover the disadvantage that it permits conversion of theI hydrocellulose of the yarn into oxycellir lose whichwill not return to the hydrocellulose state if it again becomes wet.
  • the hydrocellulose has been found to have a greater and more uniform aflinity for the dye than oxycellulose and for this reason, it is desirable to prevent conversion of the yarn into its oxycellulose condition until after the dyeing operation.
  • the thread while in the package may be prepared for use as warp thread in a loom without subjecting itto a separate .sizing operation as is now the practice. rlhe thread can thus be wound directly from the package on to the beam of the loom, if desired, and the use of a separate sizing and winding mechanism eliminated.
  • the final operation consists in drying the package.
  • this drying it is desirable te subject all parts of the package simulta ncously to heat in order that the package may be dried quickly and uniformly throughout and while under a uniform tension.
  • this drying is preferably accomplished by forcing hot air through the package from the interior outwardly while subjecting the package eX- ternally to the heat of an ordinary drying chamber.
  • An apparatus by which the 'packages can be conveniently dried in this manner is illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6.
  • This apparatus comprises a cariage having a series of horizontally arranged hollow boX Cil lll() lli) Cil
  • the package After drying, the package contains a loose Winding of completed'dyedf, bleached or sized thready ready for use.
  • the thread in thepackage is-in -a loosely Wound condition, it is none the less regular and AOilers no dltliculties in' univlnding.
  • the yarn may be Wound from the packagedirectly ontol quills,
  • lffthe yarn is not to be treated immediatelyor if it is de-l sired to ship it to another place for treatment, the package may be easily transportedV or kept indefinitely until such time as the further operations are vto be performed@ lt is desirable to keep the package in moist condition at all times until the final drying operation in orderV to prevent crystallization of any large quantity of the containedlsalt-s and also to maintain the liber in its hydrocelluloseconl dition.
  • the process ot manufacturing rayon whichV consists in forming in a precipitating bath a plurality of ilaments from a cellulose solution, gathering the i'ilanients into a threat., winding up the thread as it comes from the 'arecia specialnT bath, rewindinI the which consistsin forming in a precipitatingk bath a plurality of iilaments vfrom a cellulose solution, gathering the filaments into a thread, Winding up the thread it comes from the precipitating bath, rewinding the ret thread under tension onto a perforated tube to t'orm a compacted package consisting et a small proportion of ber and a relatively large proportion of water and substances from the areci ntatmfr bath Washmo the l v 2: 9 :s
  • the process of manufacturing rayon which consists in forming in a precipitating bath a plurality of filaments from a cellulose solution, gathering the filaments into a thread, twisting and winding the thread into a cake, winding the wc thread under tension from the cake onto a perforated tube to forni a compacted package consisting of a small proportion of liber and a relatively large proportion of water and substances from the precipitating bath, washing the package by forcing water through the package under pressure and drying the package.
  • the process of manufacturing rayon which consists in making a viscose solution, forming filaments from the viscose by precipitating it in a salt bath, gathering the lila,- ments into a thread, twisting and winding the thread into a cake, winding the wet thread under tension from the cake onto a perforated tube to form a package consisting of a small proportion of fiber and a relatively large proportion of water and dissolved. salts, washing the package by forcing water under pressure therethrough, and drying the package.
  • the process of preparing rayon which consists in forming a plurality of filaments from viscose in a sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate precipitating bath, gathering the filaments into a thread, twisting the thread and winding it into a hollow cylinder or cake, winding the thread while moist from the cake onto a hollow perforated tube to form a compact package consisting of a small proportion of fiber and a relatively large proportion of water and substances from the precipitating bath, washing the package by forcing washing liquids through the package alternately from within outwardly and from without inwardly, dyeing the package by forcing a dyeing solution through the pack age, maintaining the package .in a moist condition until after the dyeing operation, and finally drying the package.
  • the process of manufacturing rayon which consists in formin a. plurality of lilaments from viscose in a sulphuric acid and sodium sulphate precipitating bath, gathering the filaments into a thread, winding the precipitated thread while wet and containing salts from the precipitating bath onto a perforated tube to form a package, consisting of a small proportion of libre and a relatively large proportion of water and dissolved salts, washing and dyeing the package by forcing ⁇ solutions through t-he package under pressure, maintaining the package in a moist-condition Vuntil'after the dyeing operation, and finally drying the package.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US1702837D 1927-11-23 Island Expired - Lifetime US1702837A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US301026XA 1927-11-23 1927-11-23

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US1702837D Expired - Lifetime US1702837A (en) 1927-11-23 Island

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US (1) US1702837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE356006A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR666193A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB301026A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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GB301026A (en) 1930-02-13
FR666193A (fr) 1929-09-27
BE356006A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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