US1701852A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

Feb, 12, 1929.

' G. P. JACKSON FURNACE Filed March 29, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet I N VEN TOR. (L75 org: Pficwa/K A TTORNEY Feb. 12, 1929. 1,701,852

G, JACKSON FURNACE Filed March 29, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Feb. 12, 1929.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE PERCY JACKSON, OF NEW YORK, Y., ASSIGNOR TO COMBUSTION ENGINEER- ING CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW' YORK.

FURNACE.

Application filed March 29, 1922. Serial No. 547,678.

The present invention has special refer ence to means for assisting combustion in a furnace, and reducing liability of clinkers and other injurious deposits forming on the wall of the fire-box of a furnace.

An object of the invention is to provide a novel and improved means of this character which is particularly adapted for use in a pulverized fuel furnace.

Another object of the invention is to provide a combustion chamber for a pulverized fuel furnace having its bottom wall of novel and improved construction.

. The several features of the invention whereby the above mentioned and other objects may be attained will be clearly understood from thefollowing description and accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional View, partly in elevation, of a pulverized fuel furnace embodying the features of the invention in their preferred form;

Fig. 2 is sectional plan view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 44 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a detail inverted view in perspective of a component part of the bed or bottom of the fire-box;

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional View, on a enlarged scale, taken on the line 66 of Fig. 2; and i Fig. 7 is a detail inverted view in perspective of a component part of the bed or bottom of the fire-box.

The pulverized fuel furnace illustrated in the drawings is provided with a steam boiler 2, and a lire-box 4 having longitudinal side walls 6, front ,wall 7, rear or bridge wall S and a top wall 10. A pulverized fuel nozzle 12, suitably connected witha source of fuel supply, is mounted in the top wall and is so arranged as to direct pulverized. fuel downwardlyinto the fire-box. In this type of furnace the combustion of the fuel takes place while the fuel. is in suspension and the furnace draft tends to direct'the suspended mass of burning fuel and the gases upwardly to the boiler as indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

As illustrated the fire-box is provided with two piers 14 which are arranged on the bot tom wall 15 of the fire-box and adjacent the side walls6, respectively. The fire-box is further provided on its bottom wall with a series of three piers 17, the outer piers of the series being spaced from the piers 14 and from the intermediate pier of the series, said spaces between the piers forming troughs. The front wall of the fire-box is provided with openings 18 at the forward ends of the troughs which are closed by doors 19.

Each of the piers 17 consists of side Walls 20 and an intermediate partition 22 which is spaced from the side walls, these parts of the piers being made of fire-brick. The top of each pier 17 consists of blocks 24 of refractory material that are arranged in end to end relation and rest upon and are cemented to the top of the side walls 20 and the intermediate partition 22 with the longitudinal sides of the blocks projecting beyond the outer surfaces of the side walls. Each block is made in two oppositely disposed sections having their inner ends abutting each other in a vertical plane. The upper portion of the inner ends of the sections of each block are provided with oppositely disposed right angle grooves or channels 25 forming an inverted U-shaped channel extending the length of the block, with said U-shaped channels of the series of blocks of each pier 17 forming a channel 26 that extends the length of the pier. The inner abutting ends of the block sections are provided with oppositely disposed vertical channels 28 forming squared air ducts leading into the channel 26. The bottom sides of the block sections are provided with oppositely disposed transverse channelsBO that form continuations of said vertical channels 28. The inner or upper walls 32 of the channels 80 are inclined upwardly and inwardly. The block sections are provided with vertical longitudinal sides 34, and top sides or surfaces 36 that incline upwardly fromthe vertical sides 34 to the vertiealwallsof the longitudinally extending channel 26. The channel 26 of each pier 17 is covered by cap blocks 38 of refractory material that rest on and are cemented to the top of the blocks 24 and are arranged end to end in staggered relation to the bloclrs 24. The under side of the cap blocks 38 are provided with a horizontal longitu dinally extending central portion 40 of substantially the width of the channel 26, and with outer inclined portions 42 that fit the inclined top surfaces 36 of the block sections.

The under side of the caps are also provided with shallow transverse channels 44 which when the caps are in place lead from the horizontal. channel'26,.and are arranged in staggered relation to the vertical channels 28in the abutting ends of the blocks. surfaces of the caps 38 are rounded trans-- versely and the longitudinal sides of the caps are inclined-upwardly and outwardly. The rear or bridge wall 8 of the fire-boX is hollowed outto form van air chamber 46 which is connectedat its lower end with a suitable source'of air supply by a pipe 48. The air chamber 46 is in communication with the spacesbetween the intermediate partition 22 and the side walls 20 of each pier 17 through branch air passages 50.

The two outer piers 14 correspond to the portions of a pier 17 on opposite sides of a Vertical plane extending through the center of the pier 17, each pier 14 having an outer side wall 20 corresponding to the wall 20 of the piers 17, an inner wall 22 corresponding to one half of an intermediate partition :22, a channel block 24 corresponding to a. section of one of the blocks 24, a series of channeled. caps 38 each corresponding to one half of one .of the caps 38, and an air duct 50 in the bridge wall 8 leading from the air chamber 46 7 into the space between the outer wall 20 and inner wall 22 of each pier 14.

, With this construction it will be. apparent thatupon air being admitted from the air chamber 46 to the spaces between the side walls and intermediate partitions of the piers 17 and between the walls 20 and 22 of the piers 14, the channel caps 38 and 38 will direct aportion of the air in thin films over the I inclined top surfaces 36 of the blocks 24 and 24 and downwardly towards the troughs between the piers, and also "that the air passages formed by the channels 80 in the under side of the block sections will direct thin filmsof airoutwardly from the piers in a. horizontal plane-across the troughs. The air thus directed by the channel caps 38 and 38 over the inclined surfaces 36 of the blocks will serve to maintain these surfaces free from all deposits of cinders and other refuse and will keep, the surfaces sufiiciently cool to prevent them from wearing away or spalling. Also this air as it passes throu the channels in the caps will maintain the caps below clinker forming ten'iperature and as the upper longitudinal edges 52 of the caps overhang the ends of the channels 44 in the caps there will be no danger ofclinkers or slag forming on these edges. As the longitudinal sides 34 of the blocks 24 and 24 project beyond the outer surfaces of the side walls of the piers there is no danger of the transverse channels 30 be coming clogged by clinkers forming 4 over their outer ends. As the air passes over the outer edge of the inclined surfaces 36 of the blocks 24 and 24 thefurnace draft will tend The top N to cause the air to pass upwardly toward the burning fuel. and such tendency of this a'r to pass upwardly will be increased by the horizontal films of air passing through the nori zontal channels 30 in the blocks, the horizontal films of air tending to break up the films rior of the piers will be dawn up through the furnace by'tlie furnace draft which will aid combustion and also tend to hold in suspension the heavier particles of fuel not completely burned that would. ordinarily fall to the bottom of the furnace. These heavier particles will thus be more completely burned before finally settling in the troughs between the piers. V

From the foregoing it will be apparent that all of. the cinders and other refuse from the burningfuel will settle in the troughs and that it may be easily removed from the troughs through the openings 18 that are closed by-thedoors 19. The construction of the piers is such as to provide for the admission of air into the fire-box through the bottom thereof without danger of the air pussages becomingblocked or clogged.

The four vertical walls of the fire-boirof the illustrated construction is provided with three rows of blocks 54 having downwardly and below the mass of burning fuel and inwardly toward the fuel. As the air thus passesbelow the mass of burning fuel the furnace draft draws the aninwardly andupwardly through the furnace to cooperate with the air rising from the piers 14 and 17 to aid combustionand to assist in holding the heavier particles of the burning fuel in suspension. It will be apparent that the down: ward admission of air from the front andside walls of the fire box oft-he furnace would tend to cause the heavier particles to take a long travelth rough the combustion ehan'iber, and the more oryless horizontally directed streams at the bottom of the combustion chamber would tend to prevent the heavier particles from being forced to the bottom. The construction and arrangement of the blocks 54 are described and claimed in my. copending application filed of even date herewith While the features described above are well described having, in combination, a lire-box,

of the fire box formii'ig troughs between them and having provision for directing currents of air outwardly from the piers anddownward ly toward the bottom of the troughs and for directing other currents of air horizontally across the troughs in a plane below the points of admission of the first n'ientioned currents of air. a

2. A pulverized fuel furnace of the class described having, in combination, a lire-box, means for introducing fuel into the upper portion of the fire-box, piers extending longitudinally of the bottom of the firebox, and

spaced apart, and means for directing cur-' top surfaces of the piers and downwardly into the troughs.

t. A pulverized fuel furnace of the class described having, in combination, a fire-box, means for introducing fuel into the upper portion of the fire-box, and a pier at the bot tom of the lire-box having a portion of its top surface inclined downwardly, an air passage extending longitudinally thereof, air ducts arranged to direct air from the air pasover said inclined surface, and air ducts in a side wall arranged to direct air in a substantially horizontal direction to mingle with the air directed over said. inclined surface.

5. A pulverized fuel furnace of the class described having, in combination, a fire-box, means for i 'itro'ducing fuel into the upper portion of the fire-box, a pier at the bottom of the lire-box comprising outer side walls, an intermediate partition spaced from the side walls, and a cover for the top of the pier having air passages for conducting air into the furnace from the spaces-between the side walls and said partition, said pier having lnrovision for admitting air into said spaces.

6. A pulverized fuel furnace of the class described having a fire box, means for introducing fuel into the upper portion of the firebox, a pier at the bottom of the lire box com-' air passages extending upwardly through its central portion. and in communication with the spaces between said intermediate partition and the side walls, and having a pluility of horizontal air passages below said inclined surface portions in cmnmunication with said spaces between said intermediate partition and the side walls for directing cur' rents of air outwardly in a horizontal direction from opposite sides of the pier, a cap covering said central air passages in said member and having air passages in its under side for directing currents of air over said in clined surface portions, respectively, and means for supplying air to said spaces between said. intermediate partitions and said side walls.

7. A. pulverized fuel furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber having an outlet in an upper part thereof, means for admitting and burning fuel, means for admitting air inwardly through the upright walls of the combustion chamber, and means for admitting air centrally of the lower portiou of the combustion chamber in streams converging with the streams from the upright walls.

8. A. pulverized fuel furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber having an outlet in an upper part thereof, means for admitting and burning the fuel, and means for directing currents of air in opposite directions from a substantially central portion transversely over the floor or bottom of the combustion chamber.

9. A pulverized fuel furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber having an outlet in an upper part thereof, means for admitting and burning the fuel, and means for admitting in the neighborhood of the bottom of the flame a downwardly inclined stream of'air in a direction transversely of the flame stream.

10. A. pulverized fuel furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber having an outlet in an upper part thereof, means for admitting and burning the fuel, and means for admitting in the neighborhood of the bottom of the flame stream a plurality of downwardly inclined converging streams of air.

11. A pulverized fuel furnace having, in combination, a combustion chamber having an outlet in an upper part thereof, means for admitting the fuel at a point such that the fuel and flame stream in progress through the chamber rises toward the outlet, and means for directing a downwardly directed body of air between the fuel and flame stream and chamber structure at a point well above the bottom of the chamber, and for admitting a body of air beneath the flame in a direction generally transverse of the first body of air.

admittingthe fuel in an upperpart of the chamber in adownward direction so that the fuel and flame stream reverts on itself in asubstantially U-form, and means for admitting ado-wnwardly directed body of air between the descending portion of the "fuel and flame stream and chamberwall, and between the ascending portion of the fuel and flame stream and the chamber wall, and means for admitting a body of air beneath the flame in a direction transverse thatot-the downwardly directed air. r

13. In a furnace, a combustion chamber manesa having a substantially vertical wall and a draft outlet, means for introducing a stream of pulverized fuelinixed with air downwardly into the combustion chamber so that it takes a return bent course to the draft outlet, means for introducing air to the combustion chamber between the fuel stream and -wall provided with an air orifice approxi mately the width of the Wall and with means for directing the air downwardly along said wall and means for introducing air into the bottom of the combustion chamber comprising an'orifice substantially the width of said wall, formed to direct the incoming air in a substantially horizontal thin stream.

GEORGE PERCY JACKSON.

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