US1698347A - Distilling carbonaceous material - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 8, 1929.

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6, 1922 12 shfifitfii-sheet 1,

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F. PUENING DISTILL ING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 Original Filed Nov. 6. 1922 SECTION C C Jan. 8, 1929. 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONAQEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov; 6 1922 12 heets-$heet 7 Jan. 8., 1929.

(yam! 7HNK ,UHEHURE T Nlf 1,698,347 F. PUENING DI STILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6, 1922. l2 Sheets-:Sheet 8 RE w n/ 217 mas m7 .samnm 4 I b Bi -J CUHREVT UN RIB LINE SULE/VUIU 2 Z .121: CHEW DFF Jan. 8, 1929. I 1,698,347

F. PUENING DI STILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6. 1922 12 heets-Sheet 9 Jan. 8, 1929., 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nov. 6. 1922 12 Sheets-Sheet l0 SWITCH I SWITCH PHWL DRE/Z5 1mm Nam/1 11v Hmmva WALL, mew/1v; SWITCHES N- 7-3 6 7+9:- BRAREB SET-PUSHZR 'TRHWLS DLZWM Jan. 8, 1929. 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed NOV. 6. 1922 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 P1151157? HEHCHE LUIJESTPLZG'ITIDN WHOM/VG SMYZHES' A PUSHEE' THHVZLE Jan. 8, 1929. 1,698,347

F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS Original Filed Nbv. 6. 1922 13 Sheets-Sheet 12 BRAKES amsE-MqmmvE mflvzzs UNTIL PAWL Lumps mm NEXT NUTCH--HE[7EHT 7 Patented Jan. 8,

FRANZ PUENING, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

DISTILLING GARBONACEO'US MATERIAL.

Application filed November 6, 1922, Serial No. 599,1?7. Renewed January 14, 1928.

This invention. relates to the art of distillino; carbonaceous material, such as bituminous coal, lignite, s iale, peat, or other carhonaceo s material which forms coke. [An object of the invention is to eiiect the distillation of such carbonaceous material at low temperatures, in accordance with the principle o't low temperature distillation disclosed in one embodiment in my prior application for Letters Patent of the United States, filed. February 11., 1922, Serial No. 535,790, and in another embodiment in my prior application for Letters Patent of the ll uited States, liled l eln-uary ll, 1922, Serial No. 535,791, by causing the processional adance of masses of such material from a charging station to a 'scharging station and through a region ol distillation, while such masses are in contactwith preh ed walls oi. high heat-conductive capacit and successively forming and discharging such masses, and collecting the products of distillation.

In carrying out the distillation there are employed, as the medium tor etlecting the trans *r of the distilling heat to the material to be distilled, heating walls of a substance of high enough heat conductivity to eli'oct a rapid transfer of the distilling heat to the material, for erian'iple, bituminous cool. It is l rele1'ablc, however, to employ metal heating walls, iron. in any one of its several torms, being); especic ly suitable because of its great specific we its high heat conduct-i I its good wearing" qualities, its resistance to deterioration when subjected to rapid tenn perature changes and the in uence oi hot gases, and lastly, ltiecause oi? its eh i The invention. however, is not limited o the employment of iron as the material tor the heating walls.

'l 'hcse heating Walls are first exposed to the action 01* hot gases to store in them the heat which is suhseipiently employed for etiecting the di. illation of tire material. Any hot gases may be cuuoloyed, provided that they are not of such. a nature to reiulily injure the heating walls. in any case, the temperature to which the heating Walls may be heated is limited by the resistance of the material of which they are composed to oi-tidize or be otherwise in'ipaireitl at high temperatures. lln case iron employed however, the Walls may be heated to a tempera.-

ture oi? about ldOO in an atmospl'iere of Well burned gases, Without unduly exposing the iron to deterioration.

l l ith iron heating Walls heated to a surface ten'iperature ot 14:00 E, distillation of the coal may he etlected by bringing the coal into direct contact with such, previously heated walls. The coal to be distilled may be either at ordinary atmospheric temperature, prior to the time oi? contact with the heating Walls, or may be preheated, it desired. At the moment of contact, coal. quickly absorbs the peak of the heat stored in the surface of the walls and in the portions ol such walls list below its sin-face. The particles ot' the coal in contact with the heating Walls are thus rapidly heated, the heat pene tinting into the interior of the coal. During the heating up stage, a dry skin of col-:e is formed on the coal, therel'iy permitting ready separation of the coal from the walls at the completion of the distillation operation. As the heat transfer from the walls to the coal progresses, the flow of heat into the coal diniin'slus in rate, along with the approach oi the coal and the heating walls into an etpiililtiriuni of temperature. In order to avoid an impractical slowing up of the heat transfer, after the initial rapid heat absorption by the coal, the Weight of the heating Walls, with respect to the coal being distilled, regulated so that the storage capacity for heatof the Walls is in excess of the heatrcquired to bring the coal to the required linal tempo 'ature. The linal temperature varies, of course, with different coals and with the other materials available for treatn'ient by the distillation process of the invention. For many of such materials, h u Yer, a satisfactory final temperature is ap n'oxiniatcly a thousand degrees F. and

the process of low ten'iperature distillation would be completed at that temperature. It requires about 400 B. T. U. per pound of new terial, in order to heat con'iinercial grades of bituminous coal to a final temperature of a thousand degrees F. In orderto attain such a final temperature, a maximum temperature drop ot the heating Walls from 1400 F. to a thousand degrees F. is available. Between M00 F. and. a thousand degrees F, iron, for example, has a specific heat oi" approximately O.le8. Therefore, (l lll0-l000) X 0.l-l8=59 B. T. U. are freed for absorption by the coal, when one pound. of iron drops from 1400 F. to a thousand degrees F. l.n asmuch as 400 B. T. U. are required for one pound of coal, e00 divided by 59 equals pounds of iron which are required to "furnish suilicient heat for elevating one pound or coal to a final temperature oil approximately 1000 F. In order to compensate 'l or the slowing down of the heat transfer, as above explainechitis preferable to employ approx} mately twice as much iron the theoretical minimum, which would be approiiii'nately is; pounds of iron for each pound. of coal to be distilled.

By preheating the coal or drying it before bringing the coal into Contact with the hot iron, the amount of heat required for the distillation process may be materially reduced. This would permit the process to be carried on with a smaller quantity of iron. Even when preheating of the coal is employed, it is preferable to employ enough iron in order that the heat available for distillation be about twice the amount of the theoretical minimum.

The invention further consists in coking carbonaceous material by moving the retorts or coking chambers progressively through a heating region and then through a distillation and coking region, charging material to be coked into the heated retorts, then causing said material to be coked by the heat of the retort walls while passing through said coking region, then discharging the coked material from the said retorts, and repeati said steps of heating, charging, coking a d discharging in a continuous cycle. Preterably, the cycle of said steps are performed during and by the movement of an endless series of coking retorts. The process may be performed with intermittent movement of said retorts.

An important feature of my apparatus for carrying out the process is in'iproved automatic means for conveying the coking chambers for the purpose of the alternate heating and coking operations, and for the charging and discharging of the material.

. In addition to the general Objects recited above, the invention has for further objects such other ii'nprovements and advantages in operation and results as may be found to obtain in the processes or apparatus hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and showing for purposes of exemplification. a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section of the principal parts of a coking furnace adapted for the performance of and embodying, the invention, certain of the parts being shown in elevation on line A-A of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, partly broken away to indicate the interior construction 3 is a vertical sectional View showing the charging means, on line EE of Fig. 52;

Fig. 4- is a similar View of the same on line p4) of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is vertical sectional view at the discharging station, on line B B of Fig. :2;

Fig. 6 is a similar section, on line CG oi F 2; I

Fig. 7 is a vertical section on line "l of Fig 2, showing the distillate sealing means at a point between the discharging station and the heating chamber.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the arran gcment of the system of actuating means for automatically controlling the charging and discharging operations.

z'. 9 13 inclusive are diagrams illustrating the electric switch operations when the machine is started with the pusher in the highest position, with the brakes, which control the movementof the coking chambers, released.

i l to 18 inclusive are diagrams illus trating the same, when the controllingpawl drops into its notch and throws the switches to set the brakes and cause the pusher to travel down.

Figs. 19 to 23 inclusive are diagrams illustrating the s-- me, when the pusher reaches its lowest position and throws the switches which control its own movement.

Figs. 2a to 28 inclusive are diagrams of the same, when the pusher has reached its highest position and it has thrown the swit hes to cause the release of the brak for the further movement of the coking chambers.

in its present embodiment, the invention is applied to the low temperature distillation oi bituminous coal, for produ 'iiig coherent coke, such as is available for comestic heating purposes. For convenience, the ensuing description will be confined to this application of the invention. T he novel features and im prorements of the invention are, however, applicable to the distillation oi other carbonaceous material, for example, to any of the other materials hereinabove mentioned; hence, the scope of the invention is not confined to the specific use and specific embodiment herein described as an illustrative er:- ample.

The turnace is divided into two Sections, a heating section and a distillation and coking section, by means of seals on the top, side and bottom of the coking chambers near the discharging station, and a seal on the side t the filling station, while material to be distilled does or may form a seal at the top and lilu i ers 2, into which seal dips ring 16 fixed to t 1e supersivructure. By these uppe and lower iiquie seals the hot furnace gases by which ti e coking chambers are to be heated are kept iir mi pas?" 'e ii'rwzird beyond the heating (oi-:i'ng regions, or beyond the coking: chenihers;

it left hand side of Fig. 1 are show upper and iower ducts :2 and 4:3 t wiiich furnace gr s which have been I to ten) pernti -re h 4h en'ou fl w upwerdiy or down "i'irdly thro coking; rece f ecles i. The coking re the left hzrnd side of Fig. 1 are in the of the apparatus and are opei in for the tree passage Oi the u in co ct w the heat w 4 retorts at tlk: light hand in said figure e.-

region o t to L the coking region where the pre'viouslv heat the cool ed retort walls give up their heat to winch has been charged into A30 under said coking or d st" r is ill'lLlDfPt a fixed plate G6 w c, esce 'ie oi the coal or coke from the bet (lisciiergi'ng station, aft which pointe he 66 reliniieitcs (Fig; The carrier 1 i he coking; cl 'bers and their contiguous heatin Valle is operated by she motor eO, speed I l educei which connected x h the motor "gentic clutch 1?, the shah :38, the pinthe gear wheel 36, the shaft, 3:), the

3'1, and the pinsh with; ii toothed The i'ori zont-el' planes ll 1 injzi'd'e operative. 14 1 me when the pusher iivrg ng the coke from it chamber -ns ugpardly to its highest position whereu rn rod 5? moving with the pushel and carrying a lever 58 causes said iever to close the electric switch 2 (Fig. 9 ,the switch 1 having been closed by t-helever 8'? as below QXplfllTlOCl), and causes the clu ch it to couole the motor 40 with the speedreducer 'lhe carrier with its series of col'ing chambers l is now turned until said Clutch is released. This release is efi'ected prirnzrily b r pzi-i'vl 84k, which, as soon the next chamher 4 containing coke-d materiel Tires under the pusher, drops'under the impulse of aspring 86 into a no'ich 83' (Fi a The-weil's 4 are provided with an endless circula seric' or these notches, one for e'a-ci'i coke-conteinin; space or retort so that each of said spaces i successively stopped at the pusher station. This in 'veiiient ofthe' pawl causes a. lever 8'? to more outwardly, and, among other iun'elions this movement of the lever ca is'es the opening of the switch 1 14a) and the diseiuregeinent of the clutch 11.

* now come to rest but I "der the pistons e fie i for j nders L pl l i pipe 1" n: this ecii by rido a. time v to the pi e set cyiin-rlers communicate i the avi'inos olenoid is cl; y ener pmrpose by :1 sw

a" I (as seen in Fig; 17) by t1 movement or Lire lever r: v H. M L: U 7 v v w 3'1 ih rein in set \N one the piisher movements. .lhese in re nen'ts ere caused. by the piston and rod 0i "he pusher (1531". 425), said rod being z1IttChQi to the pusher (iiig. and pressure Fluid being; supplied ztbo ve sand piston by :1 en, liming an outlet e6, to depress t re 'nei below said piston y e pi pe d8, having in outlet- 43F, to re t pusher upward. Said 1" are cont-roll valves 53 which may be operited .Jy i s These levers are ned by a bar 51, having}; pin-:hid-sl'ot coni eetions with the levers (Fig. an d the bar mo ed the 'igg ht (Viewing said figure) by e solenoic I and to she left by a solenoid 2". The arrangement is such that each solenoid opens one of the outlet pipes 456 or i? when it opens oe of the eorres ,onding inlet pipes 418 or Tl outlet pipes coinn'iuni' ate with a pipe 424i (Fig; leading to itn open water T froiir which a ptin'ip P retu the the pressure tank T, which supii the hitter coininruiicze "he pusiiher being 'ie 1' having edve nced one step W chamber under the pusher brakes 25 having been set, dropped into a notch and re solenoid 2" is ene *gized rown (to the right in Fig. to open the fluid presclose its outlet and ares-sure in pipe 45 in coinwith thetop of the pusher cylin- SCGH r u -hew' awe 53in pipe l-S'is'ciosed and valve 5 r1 pipe opened to permit the fluid re ii n ssu i the cylinder 49 to drain to perin'it the downweid movement of the piston; Thereupon th pusher dis'cherges the coke in said Cllilinbfil'. The coke is received in e chute or hopper 59 located in the lower per of the cokii region which is clo ed to the atni sphere by the seals 13 and Seid chute is provided with rotary dis-cl erger 60 fixed on' a shaft 61 which pr vents the lever 87 to cape of the grar-ics resultingfrom the c king; operation. and which is turned by a sprocket B2 on said shaft and suitable connections (not shown) to discharge the coke a point outside the appura u As soon as the pusher has reached its hottommost point it can le retracted upward without dela i', and at this time the lever operates the electric si itch. it whereupon solenoid il energised so to throw the bar 51 to the position shown in Fig. 5, whereupon fluid pressure is admitted into the lower part of the pusher cylinder 4-9 and the latter returned upward to the position shown in said figure. l lhen the pusher is at said lower position it also throws the switch (i from the pCSll/hll'l shown in 1G to the position shown in 21 thereby deenergizine; the solenoid 52". When the pusher reaches hi ghost point it throws the switches 2, S" and 10 thereby 24L, 2? and respectively energ'uaing; the magnetic clutch and r leasing; the brakes for the next advancing step of the carrielj'.

The successive o; )erati.ons of the electric circuits 'ontrollcd by the sw t :hes may be reitul. l "follows, with especial reter- 9 to 28. inclusive When the pawl drops into a notch. it in ovcs .hrow the three-way switches 1*. 3, 5", 7 and Switch. 1 breaks circuit to magnetic clutch therel'iy disengaging; the motor. Pnvitch 3 breaks circuit to solenoid 1 and switch 5 makes circuit to solenoid 2". Solenoid 2 opens and closes hyr raulic valves, relierinp; pressure on under side of pusher pis ton and simply Kr pressure on top causing;

pusher to travel down. Switch 7 makes cirouit with solenoid 3 o ienin rg inlet valve and closing outlet ralvc on brake cylinder, setting; the brakes. and switch 9" breaks circuit to solenoid 4t (l iga 8). l Vhen pusher piston reaches lowest position, switches 4t and 6 are thrown, making a circuit with solenoid 1" and brerlzinp; circuit with solenoid 9., thus reversing the pressure in pusher cylin der, and (:1 using pusher to travel up. l i l'ien pusher reaches highest position, switches 2, 8, and ill are tin-own, switch 8 breaks circuit to solenoid il and switch 10 makes circuit to solenoid 4t reversing the valve to brake cylindcrs and releasing bralt The spring on top of; brake pistonv Pilollllli' brake free ljaralte shoe on machine. Switch 2 closes the circuit with i'nap ne ic clutcl again starting the ma chine to rotate.

The pusher is provided with a. rertieal guide casing: 54% which fastened to the super struct by channel beams The pusher cyliiuloi -39 is ruu iported from the superstructure by channels The supporting plate (353 which extends from the iilline station to the discharging; station under the retorts 4 may be adjus; l vertically relative to the Ti surface 0.. the to suitworking conditions. This plate is carried by supports 67 (Fig. l) which are formed with slots 6? for that purpose.

At the under side of the carrier a gas seal 68 is provided as shown at the lower part of Fig. 7. This 58 is pivotally mounted on e support (39- and is so wei 'hted as to gravie into sealing position, the under surface if the carior traveling along the upward pressing upper part of said seal, so that escape Of the gases at this point from the coking" region is prevented. On the top surface of the carrier a seal 70 bears downwardly thereon, this seal being inovably anchored at one edge on the frame 71, and the other end of the same resting by its own weight on the top of the carrier. ln order to prevent any wedging ot' the carrier, and material on the top surface of the latter, against this seal, the ainrhorage of the same is loose so that the seal may so readily swung around at its anchored l as well as rise at its free end. 72 is a thin vciblo and corrugated metal sheet which is clanipml to the seal 70 by the bar 73, and at its upper end is clamped between the frame Tl and a layer 74 of insulating material, the latter being overlaid by the cover 75 suitably attached to the tranie 71. It will be understood that the seals 68 and 70 extend in a radial direction across the annular carrier, for the full width of the some, and they operate to separate (as to passage oi? gas) the cokingregion from the receptaclehcating region. 'lhere is also provided a side seal extending vertically along the outer peripheral surface oi the carrier, as best ween in Fig. 4. This side seal is preferably formed of separate elements 76 pivotally connected with a vertical rod T9 the upper end oi the latter being hung from the under side of the frame 78, by a i-head it? or other suitable means. The sea l. sections 76 are pressed against the peripi'icry of the carrier by springs 77 and sliding recs '2'? to maintain a close contact atthat point ii hori ioutal sectional View of this seal is shown in Fig. 2. it is or may be constructed like the seal 70 to yield outwardly at both edges, the gases which might pass its loose rear edge are intercepted by a plate 7 similar to the plate 72. It will be understood that the described gas seals may be applied at ach si to of the carrier where the heating; region adjoins the coking region. But loose coltin material on the top oil the carrier and on the plate 66 may serve the purpose of the top and bottom seals at the charging side of the carrier. The said seals 68, TO and 76 and corr pending seals at the other side of the armor constitute means for obstructing the passage of gases of distillatioi'i from the coking region and also conserve the heat of this region.

The superstructure of the furnace is shown at in Fig. 1 fr in which depend rods? vhich sustain the flat arch bricl of the furnace a electric circuit by both 0 cover or top, so that sections of. said top may be IOHROVN; as may he required.

is a channel frame lin d in the Wall the furnace (Fig. 2) in which is fitted the inspection door 81 above referred Jo, which is filled with insulating n aterial 82. The gas-es resulting t'roin the coking oieration are taken a\ *ay from the coking region through the outlet- 88 for any desired recovery trezitn'ient.

The elements at which are preheated and thereafter iin part their heat to the coking material are preferably constructed, as shown, to hold said material in relatively thin bodies so that the coking heat \Yi parted to said bodies iithe progress oi tliecarric t each ot .d bodies. ons on although procc smau 0i. morci'n ..t

It will dischai ii a The process is a co illflg' preferably h the -1 trier and the in ai'is or p n-her conjoijntly coni hle parts oi the ap aratns. For

insta'itc, a switch is thri- W n at certain position in the ER Ten'ient of the carrier, and an other switch is thrown at point in the increment of the d hai i i leans, and it is only as a result of the i aliing of the t ti ese switches that the nest desired increment of the parts ah es place.

The invention forth may b O the scope of the he rarionsly embodied iv claims hereinafter mace.

I claim 1. The herein described process of coking carbonaceous rn' terial Which consists in co ing such mate L by moving coking; receptacles progressively through a heating region and coking region, in'iparting coking heat to said recoitacles in the heating region, charging material to he eolred into the heated recs cles, then cat-rising said. material to be cok d by the heat of sa l recepti cles while A ning; through said coking region, then dischanging the coszed ma erial troni the said receptacles, and repeating said steps of heatchar colii and discharging in a :le' sid stantially as specified.

n des trihed process a coking 1'? The he! ei carbonaceous material which consists in (Oliing; such material. by moving coking); recepfvely and with ii'itcrniittcnco Ii'IUYQii'IQH L ell-rough a. heating region and a coking region, impartin coking heat to said receptacles in the heating region, charging materiel he cohed into the heated receptacles, then causing said material to be colicc by the heat of said receptacles While passing; through said coking region, then discharging the tolled material. from the said receptacles, and repeating said steps of heating, charging, coking and discharging in continuous cycle; substantially as specified.

3. The herein described process of coking carbonaceous material which consists in col ing such material by moving coking receptnclcs, haying heating Walls and having spaces for containing thin bodies of materlal, prm rcssively through a heating region and a col-1mg region, imparting coking heat to said walls in the heating" region, charging Y. i 1 1. 1 material to be cohed into the llGZlLGLL receptacle the ceiisin sa d material o becol e L. LL i U itul I a x, KILL by the heat ot said Walls while passing through said coking region, then dischargthe coliel niaterial from the said rose .c.es, and repeating said steps otheeting, harging, coking and discharging i a continuous cycle; siiostantially as specined.

4-. The herein described process of coking r carbonaceous material which consists in col:- ing such material h 1 i'i' o'ving an endless SL"1CS o't col-:ing receptacles progressively thro h a heating region ant a coking region, in'ipartnip; coking heat to said receptacles in i: 3 i i Y 111g region, Chttlglllig instei ml to he cohec into the h iii-ted recon tl e1 illSliJ- said lllllieliiil to be cokcd 01 s. moles While passing through said colti then discharging the cohed nintci mi the said receptacles, and re eatin said 3 no and g in a continuous cycle; nbs 1 *cilied.

1 steps of heating, charging, coki 1S SP 5 aihonaceous material which co isis ng such material by moving coking rece acres progressively through a heating region a coinng rcgwn, imparting coking heat d receptacles n the heating region charging material to he cohed into the heate rece -acles, causing ina-eri-al to heel-zed by the heat of receptacles W passing through said coking region, and i if-ring gases from rd material, conni' said from entrance into said hea a and discharging the cohcd natci trii n the said receptacles, and repeating steps of. heating, clarging, coking and charging in a continuous cycle; substantial as specified.

(J. in a. cilune' a pparal'iis, the zonihinalioii oi an endless series o l cok ng receptacles han inc; heating Wills, gas-containing means 'l'oi'n insg heating reg-ion and a coking 'i'c ich parts (It the said series are lotrnn one to the other cl which. re i'cssii'ely move, inea 'ioi' sup- 1 means tor-hung a. iltlli'liili' e the not said r l a the combination receptacles theres-contain ng id at coking;

cated and from oneto the other which parts oi" said 'arrier may progre' vely move,

pl; heating gion, means eneratinggg said c Tlil' means for charging said receptacles L er they are hcate and hc ore the coking operation, and means tor illrKf l-ll 'jillg said recr acles after the coking operation; substantially as specilied,

o't -.ii ii(lless (:U'l a i c tlcles th reon having heating walls forming relatively thin ClIZIIIJlJOIS, gascontaining ireans form ing a heating region ant i g'on in which parts oi. the car 'i :roiu one to the other of carrier may *n'ogressively inove, supplying heat to said heating re -tor operating said :zzrrier intc means for charging said reeeptacl are heated and hetero the coking operations and means for discharging raid receptacles alter the coking operation; sialmtalitialiy as speci tied.

t). Zln a coking: appai'atuis the combination o'l an endl :arrier, coking receptacles thereon having heating walls forming relatively thin ehr. nhcrs gas-containing n1c:.ns 'lorinine' a heating: region. andv a coking region in which parts 0% the carrier are located and from one to the other of which parts of said carrier may n'ogl ressively n'love, means tor supplying heat to said heating regioin incans oostrucing the passage oi gas from one o't mid I'( ons to the other, means tor operating sat-id carrier nieanr-s tor char; said reccptarles otter they are heated ainl he'lore the eokii'igi opcratiom and meenr tor iiieci'iarginp; said receptacles alter the coking operz'ition; razuhslanti ally as simcilicd.

in a coking; apparainix the combinat on. of an ei'ullesn carrier, cokingreceptacles thereon having heating Walls g aswontaining means l orming a heath g; region and a coking region inv which parts of the carrier are located and from one to the other of which parts of said Ct rrier nay progressively inovc means for supplying heat to said heating; region, means tor operating said carrier, means M1 :a hstantiz v as specified.

l2. in a coking apparatus, the coinhii'iation oi; an endle "arrier,coking reccptacleo thereni having l'ieating \valls forming re 'ely K thin ehanihin's containing nice. iorningz; a heating region and. a coking re 'ion in which p: rts oi the arrier are locat d and from one to the other ot. Wuich parts of said carrier may progressively move, means for supplying heat to said heating region means for operating said carrier, means for cl'iarginn said receptacles after they are heater and before the ioking o iei;'tion means tor diseliargiief said receptacles alter the coking operatioin and devices controlling the operatii'ig iii-cans of the *ar "ie" and dependent for their action on the position of both the carrier and the discharging means; snhstantially as specified. v

13. In a coking apparatus, the coin ination an endless carrier, coking receptacles thereon having heating Walls, gas-containing means forming a heating region and a coking; region in which parts of the carrier are located and from one to the oth r of which parts of said carrier may progressively move means for s1 nplying lead; to said heating; region, gas-ohm (ting means between the cokregion ran i the heating region, means for operznin g sail carrier, means for charging id receptaeles l ter they are heated and he- .i ir the coking operation, means tor dis- 1 .j said receptacles after the coking operation, and devices controlling the operating means oi the carrier and (l ipei'iclcnt for their action. on the positions o'l both the ear 'icr a: d the discharging means; substantially a s specified.

i l. LA process oi? low temperature distillation of carhonaicons inateria consisting in pref-he: ting heating walls enclosingtheinassot ma terial by and in contact with the preheated \itili', causing); the 'iroeessional advance of masses of such material from a charging); station to a disclnzrgp ing; station and through an envl r cil reg'iim oi distillation where the mass is sul'ijccteifl to (iiseillation \vhili said masses are enclosed by and in conthet with preheated walls and successively forming, and lhichar inp said nn sses, and collecting q F r the gaseous products; substantially as speeilied.

15. A pi )eess oil: low ten'ipi-a'ature distillaoi? cerhonaeeona niateriah consisting in prehcati in; l a -ralls enelosingthcmassoit material by and in contact with the preheated walls, causing: the processional advance of vertical relati ely thin masses of such. inatetie .ation. and devices rial troni a cha 'ging station to discharo'ine;

(D u station and through an enclosed reg on of cistillation Where the mass is subjected tillation, While said masses are enclosed and in contact with ire it 1 I ll siicepsivel g iTOJ'll'llllg and masses and collecting the gaseous 1, substantially specified.

16. In a rokin appsrati'is. the combina- "ier, coking receptacles tion of an endless c; thereon harms; heating Walls fornnng (b8111- bers g); a heat- I 0 mg region a colony; parts of the carrier are loci.

to the other i 1T 791 y in:

progr veg ies. to 821K]. heating region e per-sting said arr1er. means tor charv 1110' tacles after they are he: i

the coking; operation, mean said receptacles 1 th and devices whereby chargino means 5: it L Li car ier i substantial y spici ed,

1'7. In a coking pparatus, the Cfill'lblllullOn of an endless carrier cok ng lQffQP'tfiClGS thereon having heatine' Walls torinino' relativeifi.

K) \3 C) J thin. chan Jers gas-contain means forms ion an a distilling region in re ca; "er are located and ii in a hes-tn which pafroi one *her of which parts or" said carr er may progressively move means for passing; heated n said distilling; region directly through and betweei said Walls means for operating; said caTier, means tor charging said eceptacles after they heater before 1e distil log; operatir 1,

means for discharo'. the distilling; op matically controlling the parts oi": the apparatus: fled.

18. In a coking; apparatus, tl e combination of an endless." carrier, coking receptacles thereon having heating) Walls forming rel: tively thin ch :ont-aining means tori iing a hea on and distilling re- 1 ie carrier are located 9 said receptacles a devices axe J l 1 31120919; gas 4 a. {Gill}, 1%

grion in which arts o and from one to the other of Which. parts of said ca *ricr may proe ssively move, means heated cases in s: id distillino' rco'ion n} \D ,t through said chamber means for operating: said carrier. means for said receptacles after they are. heated and before the distilling; operation. means for (llSCllillQf inn; said receptacles otter the distilhng opei operated by said carrier and bv said dischar lne means h automatrs L, icall Y cont-r llinQ the movements the parts 5 c, L of the a )aratus' suhstantiall T specified.

19. In a coking apparatus, the coznbmat on at en dless carrier, coking; receptacles t-l ereon having heating Wells forming chambers, gas-containing means tornnng a heatlng region and a coking; region in which parts of the carrier located and from one to the i f? oit which parts of said carrier may pro- 5 cssively more means for supplying heat to said hes-ting r for operating said 'ier. inean 'harging said receptacles 7, are h .iettore the coking means f r dis-ch arging said reafter the coking operation and or closing the bottoms of said chamcokinrg' region and leaving them the the heating region; substantially as cokinp' apparatus, the combination r colrin ig receptacles therei Walls forming chambers, aiming means iJlllllllg a heating reregrion in which parts of the 1d one from one to the other '"..h parts or said carrier may progress- J! H N 1 the sale regions, means ,3 after they the e Fi ling operatlon, r9 said receptacles f. t on; substantially as specifiec.

E21. .e herein described process of coking 1 ratel which consists in cok- I h oving spaced heating pi. ongh a heating region 11 colllng reg on, imparting *alls in the heating r to be cohed between causing said material to be "i said walls While passing fen. and then disterial from betwee.

is in coksuch ma lers. by moving spaced heating iv and with ihtermittsnce h a hes-tins region and then through a colriir on. in part i;

i110; region.

inc; heat to send. W lli-Q 1n the ,z 1

h is 'gi'ng .ii'mterial to be colroo between the in .ifa d material to be cohed wh' e passing and then disn between iied.

or LllG throi g'h ion 7 high r n iii no: means torma coking region in filer are located and l for move- Light relation by means and. be-

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