US1694189A - Photosensitive cell - Google Patents
Photosensitive cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1694189A US1694189A US238217A US23821727A US1694189A US 1694189 A US1694189 A US 1694189A US 238217 A US238217 A US 238217A US 23821727 A US23821727 A US 23821727A US 1694189 A US1694189 A US 1694189A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode
- layer
- cuprous
- photo
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000003114 Salix fragilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Ba+2] CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
- H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
Definitions
- This invention relates a photo-sensitive cell and to the method of making the photosensitive element thereof.
- the object of the invention is the provision cause of its high specific resistance when so.
- my invention consists of a tube evacuated to a pressure at which substantially no positive ionizationoccurs, and having three electrodes, cathode, anode and grid, the last of which comprises a copper body having on its surface a fused layer of cuprous oxide which is made in the manner hereinafter described, and which is electrically highly sensitive to light ra
- the grid is operated t roug the intermittent exposure of the cuprous oxid surface to light rays thereby va'rylng its electrical resistance and correspondingly, its 'tential, employed to va thedistribution o the electron stream over t 0 plate surface, and therefore the current flow in the cathode-anode circuit.
- cuprous oxid layer on the copper base must have minimum specific resistance and maximum crystal layer density, to obtain which, by the method of my invention, a copper body is heated in an oxidizing atmosphere to 10009 0., and when a fused cuprous oxid coating of about 0.1 mm. has thus been formed on the base surface it is plun ed into a 25% solution of hydroc oric aci when it forms a dense clear, red, lass-like, cuprous oxid coating which is firml y adherent to the base.
- the outer layer has a higher resistance than the cuprous oxid and is not satisfactory for photoelectric use.
- this layer in the'form described, as in a vacuum tube, to control the flow of ionic or electronic discharge.
- a filament or electron emission cathode having as its electron emission surface a layer of alkaline earth oxids, such as strontium and barium oxids which allows a-cathode o 'era-' tion at a low temperature or at a dul red heat.
- alkaline earth oxids such as strontium and barium oxids which allows a-cathode o 'era-' tion at a low temperature or at a dul red heat.
- Fig. 1 shows in outline a vacuum tube equipped with a photo-sensitive electrode and other electrodes, connected in an electric circuit and Fig. 2 is a section view of the electrode at 22.
- At 1 is a filamentary cathode coated with strontium and barium oxides and supported by leads 1, and 1 and mounted on lead 2, edgewise to the cathode is anode 2, and extending upon two sides of and parallel with the anode is the grid or control element 3, composed ofa copper strip having fused on its surface a coating of light sensitive cuprous oxid.
- B is the source of heat energy for e cathode, and B, is the source of potential tween the cathode and grid, B being the source of potential between the cathode and anode and R the resistance in that circuit.
- What I claim is 1.
- a photoelectric cell the combination of a cathode, an anode and a control electrode composed of a copper body having a surface of fused cuprous oxide.
- the method of producing a photo-sensitive resistance element which consists in heating a copper body until a fused layer of cuprous oxide is formed on its surface, and quenching it in a solution of hydrochloric acid.
- a cathode In a photo electric cell, a cathode, an anode and a control electrode consisting of cuprous oxide.
- a cathode, an anode and a control electrode consisting of a metal base having an exposed surface of substantially cuprous oxide.
- a resistance control electrode consisting of a metal base having an exposed surface of fused cuprous oxide.
- an element for controlling the impedance of said device having a surface of integrally formed, homogeneous, non-porous crystalline cuprous oxide.
- a cathode In an electrical discharge tube, a cathode, an anode and a control element consistmg of cuprous oxide.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
Description
Dec. 4, 1928.. 1,694,189
s. RUBEN PHOTOSENSIT IVE CELL Filed Dec. 6, 1927 U Q A Milli-WA a k R v .1 m a la F Since/Mo SAMUEL RUBEN meme Dec, 4, 192
UNITED STATES 2 4 PATENT OFFICE.
saxtmnnuun, or new YORK, N. r.
PHOTOSENSITIVE CELL.
Application fled December a, 1921. Serial No. seam-r. 1
This invention relates a photo-sensitive cell and to the method of making the photosensitive element thereof.
( The object of the invention is the provision cause of its high specific resistance when so.
employed it must-be used in a thin layer on a supporting base.
Broadly, my invention consists of a tube evacuated to a pressure at which substantially no positive ionizationoccurs, and having three electrodes, cathode, anode and grid, the last of which comprises a copper body having on its surface a fused layer of cuprous oxide which is made in the manner hereinafter described, and which is electrically highly sensitive to light ra In this device the grid is operated t roug the intermittent exposure of the cuprous oxid surface to light rays thereby va'rylng its electrical resistance and correspondingly, its 'tential, employed to va thedistribution o the electron stream over t 0 plate surface, and therefore the current flow in the cathode-anode circuit.
I have found that for most efiective photoelectric application the cuprous oxid layer on the copper base must have minimum specific resistance and maximum crystal layer density, to obtain which, by the method of my invention, a copper body is heated in an oxidizing atmosphere to 10009 0., and when a fused cuprous oxid coating of about 0.1 mm. has thus been formed on the base surface it is plun ed into a 25% solution of hydroc oric aci when it forms a dense clear, red, lass-like, cuprous oxid coating which is firml y adherent to the base. It is obvious that any undesirable reaction product remaining on the surface after the quenching of the hy-' drochloric acid should be entire y removed either mechanically or chemically In order to present the cleanest red cuprous oxide sur face ssible. This la er is chemically pure and as'a relatively ow specific reslstance compared with that of such a compound pre pared by the methods now knownas for example, by heating the copper to a high tem-',:
perature and allowing it to slowly cool in the air, when there is formed ,a layer of cupric oxid outside of the cuprous oxid coating.
The outer layer has a higher resistance than the cuprous oxid and is not satisfactory for photoelectric use.
Because of the polarized character of'the cuprous oxid layer formed, .and especially when quenched by the method of my invention, excellent asymmetrical conductivity is ,shown in a cell using this material as a separatlng element. This factor is to be taken" into account in the electrical connection and use of the element in a photoelectric cell.
In view of the ve -thin layer employed and of the necessity or exposing the maximum amount of surface to the radiations to be indicated, it is preferable to use this layer in the'form described, as in a vacuum tube, to control the flow of ionic or electronic discharge. Below I describe a preferred form of photoelectric cell utilizing the photoelectric cuprous oxide layer to control an electric discharge by resistance variations of its surface layer responsive to exposure to light rays To minimize the efl'ect of possible radiations from a source of electron emission in a deviceof this character, there is employed a filament or electron emission cathode having as its electron emission surface a layer of alkaline earth oxids, such as strontium and barium oxids which allows a-cathode o 'era-' tion at a low temperature or at a dul red heat. In this respect the combination of a photo-sensitive resistance element and a low temperature cathode is equivalent to that cited in my rior and copending application, bearing Serial Number 534,213.
In the accompanyin drawings, illustrative of one embodiment o the invention, Fig. 1 shows in outline a vacuum tube equipped with a photo-sensitive electrode and other electrodes, connected in an electric circuit and Fig. 2 is a section view of the electrode at 22.
At 1 is a filamentary cathode coated with strontium and barium oxides and supported by leads 1, and 1 and mounted on lead 2, edgewise to the cathode is anode 2, and extending upon two sides of and parallel with the anode is the grid or control element 3, composed ofa copper strip having fused on its surface a coating of light sensitive cuprous oxid. At B is the source of heat energy for e cathode, and B, is the source of potential tween the cathode and grid, B being the source of potential between the cathode and anode and R the resistance in that circuit.
In operation, as light is impressed upon the grid element, causing changes in its initial resistance, corresponding changes occur in the potential in the grid circuit, in this way controlling the electron stream bombarding the anode. Thus, the cathode-anode current discharge is varied in response to changes in the external light rays impinging upon the cuprous oxid grid coating.
What I claim is 1. In a photoelectric cell, the combination of a cathode, an anode and a control electrode composed of a copper body having a surface of fused cuprous oxide.
2. The method of making a photo-sensitive electrode which consists in heating a copper body to 1000 C. while exposed to the air and quenching it in a per cent solution of hydrochloric acid.
3. The method of producing a photo-sensitive resistance element which consists in heating a copper body until a fused layer of cuprous oxide is formed on its surface, and quenching it in a solution of hydrochloric acid.
e. The method of producing a photo-sensitive electrode which consists in heating a copper body in an oxidizing atmosphere until there is a layer on said body of an integrally formed homogeneous non-porous cry..-
talline compound of said copper body, and quenching it.
5. In a photo electric cell, a cathode, an anode and a control electrode consisting of cuprous oxide.
6. In a photo electric cell, a cathode, an
anode and a control electrode consisting of fused cuprous oxide.
7. In a photo electric cell, a cathode, an anode and a control electrode consisting of a metal base having an exposed surface of substantially cuprous oxide.
8. In a photo-electric cell, a resistance control electrode consisting of a metal base having an exposed surface of fused cuprous oxide.
9. Inan electron discharge device, an element for controlling the impedance of said device, having a surface of integrally formed, homogeneous, non-porous crystalline cuprous oxide.
10. In an electrical discharge tube, a cathode, an anode and a control element consistmg of cuprous oxide.
In testimony whereof, SAMUEL RUBEN has signed his name to this specification this 5th
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US238217A US1694189A (en) | 1927-12-06 | 1927-12-06 | Photosensitive cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US238217A US1694189A (en) | 1927-12-06 | 1927-12-06 | Photosensitive cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1694189A true US1694189A (en) | 1928-12-04 |
Family
ID=22896963
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US238217A Expired - Lifetime US1694189A (en) | 1927-12-06 | 1927-12-06 | Photosensitive cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1694189A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2434622A (en) * | 1942-09-24 | 1948-01-13 | Gen Electric | Light sensitive electric discharge device |
| US2543400A (en) * | 1948-12-17 | 1951-02-27 | Rca Corp | Grid for electron discharge devices |
| US2620287A (en) * | 1949-07-01 | 1952-12-02 | Bramley Jenny | Secondary-electron-emitting surface |
-
1927
- 1927-12-06 US US238217A patent/US1694189A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2434622A (en) * | 1942-09-24 | 1948-01-13 | Gen Electric | Light sensitive electric discharge device |
| US2543400A (en) * | 1948-12-17 | 1951-02-27 | Rca Corp | Grid for electron discharge devices |
| US2620287A (en) * | 1949-07-01 | 1952-12-02 | Bramley Jenny | Secondary-electron-emitting surface |
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