US1687510A - Electric-lamp bulb - Google Patents

Electric-lamp bulb Download PDF

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Publication number
US1687510A
US1687510A US4015225A US1687510A US 1687510 A US1687510 A US 1687510A US 4015225 A US4015225 A US 4015225A US 1687510 A US1687510 A US 1687510A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bulb
frosting
strength
frosted
bulbs
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Priority to BE254316D priority Critical patent/BE254316A/xx
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=21826025&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US1687510(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Priority to US4015225 priority patent/US1687510A/en
Priority to FR625949D priority patent/FR625949A/fr
Priority to GB15799/26A priority patent/GB254316A/en
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Publication of US1687510A publication Critical patent/US1687510A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/08—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching

Definitions

  • My invention relates to bulbs for electric lamps and more particularly to frosted bulbs for such lamps. This'application is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 690,672, filed February 4, 1924.
  • An important feature of my invention is an improved method of frosting bulbs and other thin glassware on the inside.
  • Inside frosting has advantages over outside frosting. This is particularly true in the case of illuminating glassware since better diffusion with lower absorption of light is obtained.
  • Another advantage of the inside frosting which applies generally, is that the outer surface of the article is left smooth and, therefore, does not collect dirt easily and may be easily cleaned.
  • the preferred method of frosting is by removal of material, that is, by etching, rather than by application of coatings.
  • bulbs and similarly thin articles thus frosted on the inside have been fragile to such a degree as to occasion prohibitive breakage.
  • Bulbs ordinarily used for incandescent lamps are between 10 and 90 mils in thickness, averaging between 15 and 70 mils, and apparently, the application of the inside frost by etching has weakened them so that they have been very easily broken.
  • the object of my invention is to produce an inside frosted glass bulb which will be much stronger than those heretofore produced.
  • the prior art makes no distinction between the methods of inside and outside frosting.
  • the frosting on the outside has been ,accomplished by sand blasting or by the use of a chemical frosting medium.
  • Frosting by etching is to be distinguished from the etching without, frosting as the former produces a fine Agrained rough surface which appears more or ⁇ less, white while such etching without frosting produces a surface which is substantially colorless.
  • the unfrosted etched glass is noty sufficiently diffusing for lamp bulbs.
  • the preferred method of frosting is by the use of a chemical medium. For lime glasses the presence of an ammonium compound in addition to the hydrofluoric acid seems to be necessary. ⁇ The effect is improved by the addition of finely divided inert materials such as barium sulphate.
  • the presence of sodium salts such as sodium sulphate is of advantage.
  • Dextrin or flour may also be added in order to cause better adherence of the mixture to the glass surface.
  • the degree of frosting depends upon three factors; first, the strength of the frost ⁇ ing mixture as indicated by the percentage of hydrofluoric acid present; second, the tem- Y perature of the mixture; and third, the time during which the bulb is exposed to the frosting mixture. Ordinarily the stronger the mixture, the higher the temperature, and up to a certain point, the longer the time, the greater the degree of frosting.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of inside frosting on the strength of a bulb
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the results of the strengthening treatment comprised by my invention
  • Figf 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the strengthening treatment on the strength, the light absorption and the diffusion of the bulb
  • 4 is a diagram showing the variation of the various sizes of lamps in maximum brightness
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the variation in absorption
  • Fig. 6 is an elevation of a bulb strength tester
  • Fig. 7 is a plan
  • Fig. 8 is an elevation partly in section of an apparatus for applying the frosting and strengthening treatments.
  • Fig. 1 the ordinates represent the strength of the bulb as determined by the ivory ball tester hereinafter described.
  • the abscissas represent the time in minutes during which the inside of the bulb is' subjected to the frosting mixture. There are two curves. In obtaining curve No. 1, the following frosting mixture was used:
  • the tei'i'iperature was 2.0 centigradc.
  • frostingmixture contained 8.34% hydrofluoric acid.
  • test No. 1 and test No. 2 a fresh solution was used in each bulb frosted. In both cases the mixture was poured into dry bulbs and allowed to remain for the time specified.
  • test No. 1 live sets of bulbs were tested, each set containing live bulbs. The testswere made at Zero, one minute, live minutes, ten minutes and twenty minutes. The average showed an initial strength of 44.8; 9.8 after one minute; 2.6 after five minutes; 2.2 at ten minutes and about the saine at twenty minutes. The bulbs which were frosted for one minute did not have enough frosting to malte them practical for use.
  • Fig. 2 shows the effect of the strengthening' treatment comprised by my invention.
  • the frosting mixture used had an acidity of 11.8% hydrofluoric acid and the temperature was 50o centigrade.
  • the mixture was sprayed over the inside of the bulb for live seconds, and after five seconds it was sprayed again and this continued for the period of the test.
  • the time is indicated in secon ds and represents the time during which the frosting mixture was in contact with the bulb.
  • the clear bulbs were washed out with water at diffusion.
  • Fig. 2 the broken line curve marked Treating was derived from the results of tests in which ve sets of bulbs of ve each were used.
  • the bulbs vtreated had been frost-' ed and showed an average strength of 3.2 on the ivory ball tester.
  • the mixture used contained 7.44% hydrofluoric acid, 40 barium sulphate and 2% dextrin.
  • The-procedure followed was 'the same as followed in the case of the frosting, i. e. the mixture was sprayed over the interior surface of the bulb.
  • the curve shows that the initial strength was 3.2; that afterthirtyA seconds treatment the strength was 39.6; and that after this time the strength rose to substantially the same as that of the clear bulb. It has been found in practice that thirty seconds under these conditions is a desirable period and the curve shows that during this time the strength increased from 3.2 to 39.6, or 11.37%.
  • Lamps frosted on the inside and given the strengthening treatment comprised by my invention for ten seconds showed strength 30.4; absorption 1.22; and maximum brightness 4.5. Those treated for twenty secondsr showed strength 42 absorption 1.27 and maximum brightness 5.6. Those treated for forty seconds showed strength 44.8.; absorption 1.07 and maximum brightness 5.92.
  • These results indicate that the inside frosted lamps have greater diffusion and lower absorption than the outside frosted lamps. They also indicatethat-by the strengthening treatment the strength is brought up so that the lamp can be practically handled, and that while the maximum brightness is increased, or in other words, the diffusion is reduced, still the absorption is lessened. Moreover, the diffusion is substantially as good as that of the outside frosted lamps.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of treating.
  • Curve 1 shows the strength, curve 2, the absorption and curve 3 the maximum brightness.
  • the treating solution had an acidity of 5.2% hydrofluoric acid and the temperature was O centigrade.
  • These curves indicate thattreating enormously increases the strength of the bulb. It increases the maximum brightness somewhat but not to an objectionable extent and at the same time this is compensated for to a certain extent by the lowering of the absorption.
  • the curve shows that, after a treatment of tenseconds, the strength had been increased from 6.8 to 30.4, while the brightness had been increased from 3 to 4.5, and on the other hand the absorption had been lowered from 2.25 to 1.22.
  • Fig. 5 shows the output in lumens of the clear bulb lamp and the dotted line shows the same for a lamp having a bulb inside frosted by my invention.
  • the small percentage loss in lumens caused by the inside frost will be apparent.
  • FIGs. 7 and 8 are shown an apparatus which I have devised for the application of the inside frosting and treating.
  • This apparatus comprises a suitable reservoir 20 surrounded by a water jacket 21 having inlet and outlet pipes 22-23. Water may be circulated through the water jacket at a suitable temperature to maintain the frost mixture contained in the. reservoir 20 at the desired temperature.
  • the frosting mixture is forced up through the pipe 24 to the bulb 25 by air pressure applied through the pipe 26.
  • a suitable holder 27 is provided which serves to support the bulb. T he surplus frosting mixture returns to the reservoir through the funnel 28 and pipe 29. Fresh solution may also be added through the same means.
  • the washing means consisting of the water pipe 31 which projects up ⁇ above the frame so that the bulb-25 may be placed thereover, said bulb being supported inthe holder 32. After the bulb has been frosted it is washed by this means and the overflow goes into a reservoir 33.
  • This apparatus is a duplicate of the apparatus used for the first frosting. As hereinbefore stated, it is preferred to use a weaker solution in the strengthening mixture reservoir 34 from that used in the frosting mixture reservoir 20.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US4015225 1925-06-29 1925-06-29 Electric-lamp bulb Expired - Lifetime US1687510A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE254316D BE254316A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00116.png) 1925-06-29
US4015225 US1687510A (en) 1925-06-29 1925-06-29 Electric-lamp bulb
FR625949D FR625949A (fr) 1925-06-29 1925-11-27 Perfectionnements aux articles en verre dépoli à l'intérieur
GB15799/26A GB254316A (en) 1925-06-29 1926-06-23 Improvements in and relating to methods of and apparatus for frosting glass articles

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US4015225 US1687510A (en) 1925-06-29 1925-06-29 Electric-lamp bulb

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1687510A true US1687510A (en) 1928-10-16

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ID=21826025

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US4015225 Expired - Lifetime US1687510A (en) 1925-06-29 1925-06-29 Electric-lamp bulb

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US (1) US1687510A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00116.png)
BE (1) BE254316A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00116.png)
FR (1) FR625949A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00116.png)
GB (1) GB254316A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00116.png)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3067605A (en) * 1957-08-09 1962-12-11 George N Bliss Cracked egg detector
US20160190185A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2016-06-30 Corning Incorporated Surface flaw modification for strengthening of glass articles

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3067605A (en) * 1957-08-09 1962-12-11 George N Bliss Cracked egg detector
US20160190185A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2016-06-30 Corning Incorporated Surface flaw modification for strengthening of glass articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB254316A (en) 1927-04-14
BE254316A (US20110009641A1-20110113-C00116.png)
FR625949A (fr) 1927-08-23

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