US1686435A - Method and apparatus for detecting accumulations of materials in coal washers and ore concentrators - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for detecting accumulations of materials in coal washers and ore concentrators Download PDFInfo
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- US1686435A US1686435A US730160A US73016024A US1686435A US 1686435 A US1686435 A US 1686435A US 730160 A US730160 A US 730160A US 73016024 A US73016024 A US 73016024A US 1686435 A US1686435 A US 1686435A
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- materials
- accumulation
- accumulations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/36—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force
- B03B5/38—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force of conical receptacle type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S200/00—Electricity: circuit makers and breakers
- Y10S200/15—Bin alarm
Definitions
- My invention relates to the operation of coal washers, ore concentrators and the like in which separation is efiected by the sinking of the heavier materials through a liquid and particularly through a separating liquid medium of the type I have described as a fluid mass in PatentNo. 1,224,138 issued May 1, 1917, No. 1,392,399 issued October 4, 1921 and No. 1,462,881 issued July 24, 1923, and is especially directed to such devices in which the heavier materials are periodically,
- the principal objects of my invention are to provide a means whereby the amount of such accumulations or the accumulation of materials at a faster rate than their rate of removal may be detected or indicated, so that it may be possible either to retain any predetermined quantity of such accumulated materials in the lower part of the apparatus, or to insure its removal at a rate that will prevent such accumulation.
- Other objects of my invention are to provide a separating apparatus of the type contemplated, with means whereby the accumulation of 0 materials at a rate faster than the rate of their removal may be automatically detected and indicated, sald means being cooperative with the accumulated materials to effect the actuation of visible or audible signalling devices, and may be independently or cooperatively associated with recording registering appliances and with means arranged to effect the retention and discharge of said accumulated materials.
- the most simple form of apparatus for carrying out my invention consists of a de tector rod or shaft extending into the separating receptacle containing said fluid mass and so mounted as to be readily movable to engage with accumulations of materials,
- Such detector rod may preferably be provided with an arm, or may be bentor provided with one or more wings or projections through the resistance to the movement of which the presence of accumulations of solid materials can be detected or indicated with certainty.
- Such detector may be so mounted in a hearing in the wall of the receptacle, as to be readily rotated, gyrated, revolved, reciprocated or otherwise actuated in said bearing, that portion of the rod inside the receptacle preferably being provided by a projection which upon contact with solid materials will offer resistance to rotation, gyration or reciprocation, but such rojection is not essential if the rod is to e operated solely by reciprocation. It will be understood'that any deflection of the rod from astraight line, as a bending of a portion'of the rod, is the equivalent of a projection in resistin movement.
- Such detectors can be operated by hand, but in many cases it will be desirable to operate them mechanically and to operatively connect them to gongs, annunciator systems, visual indicators, recording registers to record the presence 0i an accumulation of said materials, and to means for controlling the removal of the accumulated materials so that the apparatus automatically controls the quantity of accumulated materials permitted to remain in the lower part of the separator.
- My invention also includes all of the various novel features of construction and arrangement as hereinafter more definitely specified.
- Fig. I is a vertical crosssection and elevation of a separator or concentrator of the inverted cone type, showing my invention in its most simple form, consisting of an indicator or detector so mounted that it can be reciprocated, oscillated or revolved by hand.
- Fig. II is an enlarged vertical cross-section of a portion of the separator shown by Fig. I showing a pair of detectors arranged to automatically indicate the presence of a large quantity of accumulated materials or the absence of such accumulations.
- Fig. III is a similar enlargement of a portion of Fig. I and illustrates the use of a single reciprocating detector to indicate the presence and quantity of such accumulations.
- Continuous recording apparatus may be operatively connected to any mechanically operated form of apparatus used in carrying out my invention and a record obtained of the height of accumulated materials in the separator covering any desired period.
- the gong or annunciator may be replaced by or supplemented by a visual indicator, these being used separately or jointly, and with or without recording devices, or with or without means operatively connected to control the removal of the heavier materials from the separator.
- FIG. I shows the general assembly of elements in a type of coal separator used at some of the anthracite coal mines in Pennsylvania, in which 1 is the separating tank or receptacle containing a fluid mass 2 with a superposed body of water 3, a revolving agitator shaft 4, carrying agitator arms 5, a feed chute 6, a chute 7 for returning sand and water to the tank 1, a discharge weir 8 and chute with desanding and dewatering screen 9, an extension of tank 1 in the form of a pipe or conduit 10, upper discharge slide valve 11 operated by thrust cylinder 12, a refuse chamber 13, a lower discharge slide valve 14 operated by thrust cylinder 15 and a refuse chute 16.
- l/Vater under pressure for agitatingthe fluid mass 2 is admitted from pipe 17 through control valve 18 to the lower part of the pipe or conduit 10.
- the drawing shows one of the most simple forms of detector as a rod 19 bent in the form of a letter L and passing through an opening in the lower part of the cone. It is provided with a handle, may be given a reciprocating or rotating motion by hand, and affords a simple and efiicient means for detecting the presence of accumulations of the heavier materials that have sunk through the fluid mass,
- the detector 19 By connecting the handle of the detector 19 to movable and suitable rods, links, cords, chains, or the like, the detector may be operated from any desired point.
- Fig. II detectors in the form of slowly revolving screws which operate by the thrust on the screw to make or break an electric annunciator circuit
- the screw or threaded shaft 20 revolvably and slidably mounted in the bearings and bracket 21 carries a pulley 22 or gear by which it is slowly revolved.
- the shaft In the absence of an accumulation of solids in contact with the screw of shaft 20 the shaft is held in place by the spring 23 but if solid material accumulates in contact with the screw the spring 23 is compressed and the shaft 20 moves to the right closing the electric circuit through circuit breaker 24. and actuating annunciator system 25.
- the action of the lower detector 20 is the reverse of that described, the presence of an accumulation of materials in con- In Fig.
- the detector is a rod 26 having an enlargement on its upper end shown as a conical head 27.
- the rod is supported in bearings 28, 28 and is periodically pushed upwardly by the clutch 29 which is rigidly attached to connecting rod 30 and is recipro- V cated by crank 31 driven in the direction indicated by the arrow by the pulley 32.
- the connecting rod 30 is made of elastic material so that it may yield slightly by bending and thus prevent the sharp binding edges of clutch 29 from cutting into the metal of detector rod 26.
- the detector rod is thus pushed upwardly through a portion of the up stroke of connecting rod 30, While during the balance of the said upstroke and during the down stroke of connecting rod 30 the clutch 29 does not bind or hold detector rod 26 which is thus free to fall under by its own weight and any additional force such as a spring or weight 33 operatively connected to 26 by a cord or chain 34.
- the presence of an accumulation of materials below the head or enlargement 27 prevents the detector rod from falling, and the depth of the accumulation of materials is therefore shown by the position of the pointer 35 attached to rod 26, with reference to the indicator scale 36.
- two or more detectors of the described type can be used to detect the presence of larger or smaller quantities of such accumulated materials more accurately than can be indicated by a single detector.
- a method of separating materials of different specific gravities which consists in immersing said materials in an agitated mixture of liquid with comminuted solids heavier than the lighter of said materials and heavier than said liquid and substantially insoluble therein and constituting a fluid mass having a specific gravity intermediate the heavier and lighter of said materials, in introducing liquid under pressure through an accumulation of said heavier materials below said fluid mass, whereby said fluid is agitated by said upwardly rising liquid and its fluidic properties and its specific gravity are maintained and controlled, in supplying a source of energy extraneous to said accumulations, in applying a force of predetermined intensity in counteracting said energy, in applying said energy so counteracted to Said accumulation,
- Apparatus for separating materials of different specific gravities comprising a receptacle adapted to contain an agitated mixture of liquid and solids heavier than the lighter of said materials and constituting a fluid mass of specific gravity intermediate the heavier and lighter of said materials, a fluid mass of the described type in said receptacle, means for introducing liquid under pressure at a point located below the base of said receptacle, means for applying a force to an accumulation of the heavier materials below the said fluid mass, means for applying a predetermined resistance to said force, I said means comprising an element in operative relation to said accumulation and in operative relation to said restrainingmeans, means for indicating the location of the pointat which the resistance of said accumulation tends to I restrain further movement of said element,
- Apparatus for separating materials of diflerentspecific gravities comprising a receptacle adaptedto contain an agitated mixture of liquid, and solids heavier than the lighter of said materials and constituting a fluid mass of specific gravity intermediate the heavier and lighter of said materials, a fluid mass of the described type in said receptacle, means for introducing liquid under pressure at a point located below the base of said receptacle, means for applying a force to an accumulation of the heavier materials below the said fluid mass, means for applying a predetermined force partially to counteract said force, said means comprising a continuously moving element in the lower part of said receptacle adapted to be moved by the resistance of said accumulations, means for indicating such movement of said element, whereby the presence or absence of said accumulations at the locus of said element is indicated, means for downwardly removing said accumulations and means for limiting the quantity of said accumulations so removed.
Description
M. CHANCE T. METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING ACCUMULATIONS OF MATERIALS IN COAL WASHERS AND ORE CONCENTRATORS Filed Aug. 5, 1924 Wiinwses: v Inventor M AKA A f4 2;. 4
M/XM
Patented Oct. 2, 1928.
PATENT OFFICE.
THOMAS IM. CHANCE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING ACCUMULA'IIONS OF MATERIALS IN COAL WASHERS AND ORE CONCENTRATORS.
Application filed August 5, 1924. Serial No. 730,160.
My invention relates to the operation of coal washers, ore concentrators and the like in which separation is efiected by the sinking of the heavier materials through a liquid and particularly through a separating liquid medium of the type I have described as a fluid mass in PatentNo. 1,224,138 issued May 1, 1917, No. 1,392,399 issued October 4, 1921 and No. 1,462,881 issued July 24, 1923, and is especially directed to such devices in which the heavier materials are periodically,
intermittently or continuously removed from the bottom or lower part of the apparatus at predetermined intervals or at intervals determined by the accumulation of said materials.
The principal objects of my invention are to provide a means whereby the amount of such accumulations or the accumulation of materials at a faster rate than their rate of removal may be detected or indicated, so that it may be possible either to retain any predetermined quantity of such accumulated materials in the lower part of the apparatus, or to insure its removal at a rate that will prevent such accumulation. Other objects of my invention are to provide a separating apparatus of the type contemplated, with means whereby the accumulation of 0 materials at a rate faster than the rate of their removal may be automatically detected and indicated, sald means being cooperative with the accumulated materials to effect the actuation of visible or audible signalling devices, and may be independently or cooperatively associated with recording registering appliances and with means arranged to effect the retention and discharge of said accumulated materials.
The most simple form of apparatus for carrying out my invention consists of a de tector rod or shaft extending into the separating receptacle containing said fluid mass and so mounted as to be readily movable to engage with accumulations of materials,
whereby the presence of accumulated material may be indicated or detected by the resistance to movement of the detector that such accumulation afiords. Such detector rod may preferably be provided with an arm, or may be bentor provided with one or more wings or projections through the resistance to the movement of which the presence of accumulations of solid materials can be detected or indicated with certainty.
Such detector may be so mounted in a hearing in the wall of the receptacle, as to be readily rotated, gyrated, revolved, reciprocated or otherwise actuated in said bearing, that portion of the rod inside the receptacle preferably being provided by a projection which upon contact with solid materials will offer resistance to rotation, gyration or reciprocation, but such rojection is not essential if the rod is to e operated solely by reciprocation. It will be understood'that any deflection of the rod from astraight line, as a bending of a portion'of the rod, is the equivalent of a projection in resistin movement. Such detectors can be operated by hand, but in many cases it will be desirable to operate them mechanically and to operatively connect them to gongs, annunciator systems, visual indicators, recording registers to record the presence 0i an accumulation of said materials, and to means for controlling the removal of the accumulated materials so that the apparatus automatically controls the quantity of accumulated materials permitted to remain in the lower part of the separator.
My invention also includes all of the various novel features of construction and arrangement as hereinafter more definitely specified.
In the drawings, Fig. I is a vertical crosssection and elevation of a separator or concentrator of the inverted cone type, showing my invention in its most simple form, consisting of an indicator or detector so mounted that it can be reciprocated, oscillated or revolved by hand. Fig. II is an enlarged vertical cross-section of a portion of the separator shown by Fig. I showing a pair of detectors arranged to automatically indicate the presence of a large quantity of accumulated materials or the absence of such accumulations. Fig. III is a similar enlargement of a portion of Fig. I and illustrates the use of a single reciprocating detector to indicate the presence and quantity of such accumulations.
The mechanical construction of apparatus whereby my invention may be operated can be greatly varied by those skilled in the art of constructing automatic indicating, annuni ciator, registering and control appliances.
Continuous recording apparatus may be operatively connected to any mechanically operated form of apparatus used in carrying out my invention and a record obtained of the height of accumulated materials in the separator covering any desired period. The gong or annunciator may be replaced by or supplemented by a visual indicator, these being used separately or jointly, and with or without recording devices, or with or without means operatively connected to control the removal of the heavier materials from the separator.
The drawing Fig. I shows the general assembly of elements in a type of coal separator used at some of the anthracite coal mines in Pennsylvania, in which 1 is the separating tank or receptacle containing a fluid mass 2 with a superposed body of water 3, a revolving agitator shaft 4, carrying agitator arms 5, a feed chute 6, a chute 7 for returning sand and water to the tank 1, a discharge weir 8 and chute with desanding and dewatering screen 9, an extension of tank 1 in the form of a pipe or conduit 10, upper discharge slide valve 11 operated by thrust cylinder 12, a refuse chamber 13, a lower discharge slide valve 14 operated by thrust cylinder 15 and a refuse chute 16. l/Vater under pressure for agitatingthe fluid mass 2 is admitted from pipe 17 through control valve 18 to the lower part of the pipe or conduit 10.
The drawing shows one of the most simple forms of detector as a rod 19 bent in the form of a letter L and passing through an opening in the lower part of the cone. It is provided with a handle, may be given a reciprocating or rotating motion by hand, and affords a simple and efiicient means for detecting the presence of accumulations of the heavier materials that have sunk through the fluid mass,
such accumulations being recognized by the resistance they offer to movement of the detector 19. By connecting the handle of the detector 19 to movable and suitable rods, links, cords, chains, or the like, the detector may be operated from any desired point.
In Fig. II detectors in the form of slowly revolving screws are illustrated which operate by the thrust on the screw to make or break an electric annunciator circuit, the screw or threaded shaft 20 revolvably and slidably mounted in the bearings and bracket 21 carries a pulley 22 or gear by which it is slowly revolved. In the absence of an accumulation of solids in contact with the screw of shaft 20 the shaft is held in place by the spring 23 but if solid material accumulates in contact with the screw the spring 23 is compressed and the shaft 20 moves to the right closing the electric circuit through circuit breaker 24. and actuating annunciator system 25. The action of the lower detector 20 is the reverse of that described, the presence of an accumulation of materials in con- In Fig. III the detector is a rod 26 having an enlargement on its upper end shown asa conical head 27. The rod is supported in bearings 28, 28 and is periodically pushed upwardly by the clutch 29 which is rigidly attached to connecting rod 30 and is recipro- V cated by crank 31 driven in the direction indicated by the arrow by the pulley 32. The connecting rod 30 is made of elastic material so that it may yield slightly by bending and thus prevent the sharp binding edges of clutch 29 from cutting into the metal of detector rod 26. The detector rod is thus pushed upwardly through a portion of the up stroke of connecting rod 30, While during the balance of the said upstroke and during the down stroke of connecting rod 30 the clutch 29 does not bind or hold detector rod 26 which is thus free to fall under by its own weight and any additional force such as a spring or weight 33 operatively connected to 26 by a cord or chain 34. The presence of an accumulation of materials below the head or enlargement 27 prevents the detector rod from falling, and the depth of the accumulation of materials is therefore shown by the position of the pointer 35 attached to rod 26, with reference to the indicator scale 36.
It is evident that two or more detectors of the described type can be used to detect the presence of larger or smaller quantities of such accumulated materials more accurately than can be indicated by a single detector.
I do not limit myself to the specific forms, precise details or types of apparatus shown by the drawings as these are intended to illustrate diagrammatically variations in the con struction of the essential elements of my invention as herein described and claimed.
Having described my invention, I claim:
1. A method of separating materials of different specific gravities which consists in immersing said materials in an agitated mixture of liquid with comminuted solids heavier than the lighter of said materials and heavier than said liquid and substantially insoluble therein and constituting a fluid mass having a specific gravity intermediate the heavier and lighter of said materials, in introducing liquid under pressure through an accumulation of said heavier materials below said fluid mass, whereby said fluid is agitated by said upwardly rising liquid and its fluidic properties and its specific gravity are maintained and controlled, in supplying a source of energy extraneous to said accumulations, in applying a force of predetermined intensity in counteracting said energy, in applying said energy so counteracted to Said accumulation,
whereby the presence of said accumulation is indicated by its resistance to said energy, in indicating the locus of application of said force by said resistance, in downwardly removing some of said accumulation when the quantity of said a rumulation exceeds a predetermlned lIlaXlLluJl'l and in limiting the quantity of said accumulation so removed, whereby a predetermined quantity of said accumulation is maintained below said fluid mass.
2. Apparatus for separating materials of different specific gravities comprising a receptacle adapted to contain an agitated mixture of liquid and solids heavier than the lighter of said materials and constituting a fluid mass of specific gravity intermediate the heavier and lighter of said materials, a fluid mass of the described type in said receptacle, means for introducing liquid under pressure at a point located below the base of said receptacle, means for applying a force to an accumulation of the heavier materials below the said fluid mass, means for applying a predetermined resistance to said force, I said means comprising an element in operative relation to said accumulation and in operative relation to said restrainingmeans, means for indicating the location of the pointat which the resistance of said accumulation tends to I restrain further movement of said element,
means for downwardly removing said accumulation, and means for limiting the quantity of material so removed.
3. Apparatus for separating materials of diflerentspecific gravities comprising a receptacle adaptedto contain an agitated mixture of liquid, and solids heavier than the lighter of said materials and constituting a fluid mass of specific gravity intermediate the heavier and lighter of said materials, a fluid mass of the described type in said receptacle, means for introducing liquid under pressure at a point located below the base of said receptacle, means for applying a force to an accumulation of the heavier materials below the said fluid mass, means for applying a predetermined force partially to counteract said force, said means comprising a continuously moving element in the lower part of said receptacle adapted to be moved by the resistance of said accumulations, means for indicating such movement of said element, whereby the presence or absence of said accumulations at the locus of said element is indicated, means for downwardly removing said accumulations and means for limiting the quantity of said accumulations so removed.
Signed at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania this 4th day of August, 1924.
THOMAS M. CHANCE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US730160A US1686435A (en) | 1924-08-05 | 1924-08-05 | Method and apparatus for detecting accumulations of materials in coal washers and ore concentrators |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US730160A US1686435A (en) | 1924-08-05 | 1924-08-05 | Method and apparatus for detecting accumulations of materials in coal washers and ore concentrators |
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|---|---|
| US1686435A true US1686435A (en) | 1928-10-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US730160A Expired - Lifetime US1686435A (en) | 1924-08-05 | 1924-08-05 | Method and apparatus for detecting accumulations of materials in coal washers and ore concentrators |
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| US (1) | US1686435A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2533550A (en) * | 1947-03-27 | 1950-12-12 | Pneumatic Seale Corp Ltd | Tea cutting and feeding mechanism |
| US2679934A (en) * | 1948-12-24 | 1954-06-01 | Hydrotator Company | Apparatus for separating mixed materials |
| US2766886A (en) * | 1951-04-02 | 1956-10-16 | United Eng & Constructors Inc | Automatic discharge means for apparatus for separating materials of different specific gravities |
| US2925928A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1960-02-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method of handling subdivided solids |
| US2957577A (en) * | 1956-08-03 | 1960-10-25 | Provident Trust Company Of Phi | Flotation separating apparatus and method |
| US3129849A (en) * | 1962-03-16 | 1964-04-21 | Eagle Iron Works | Control device for controlling discharge of settlings from a water scalping tank or the like |
| US3612276A (en) * | 1969-04-29 | 1971-10-12 | Bird Machine Co | Vortex-type separator apparatus |
| US3700102A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1972-10-24 | Lawrence M Higgins | Automatic dump system for contaminants collected in a slurry processing sump |
| WO2000051741A1 (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2000-09-08 | Behnsen, Silke | Installation and method for separating substance mixtures having different densities |
| EP3897995A4 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-03-22 | Thomas A. Valerio | System and method for four dimensionally separating materials |
-
1924
- 1924-08-05 US US730160A patent/US1686435A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2533550A (en) * | 1947-03-27 | 1950-12-12 | Pneumatic Seale Corp Ltd | Tea cutting and feeding mechanism |
| US2679934A (en) * | 1948-12-24 | 1954-06-01 | Hydrotator Company | Apparatus for separating mixed materials |
| US2766886A (en) * | 1951-04-02 | 1956-10-16 | United Eng & Constructors Inc | Automatic discharge means for apparatus for separating materials of different specific gravities |
| US2925928A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1960-02-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method of handling subdivided solids |
| US2957577A (en) * | 1956-08-03 | 1960-10-25 | Provident Trust Company Of Phi | Flotation separating apparatus and method |
| US3129849A (en) * | 1962-03-16 | 1964-04-21 | Eagle Iron Works | Control device for controlling discharge of settlings from a water scalping tank or the like |
| US3612276A (en) * | 1969-04-29 | 1971-10-12 | Bird Machine Co | Vortex-type separator apparatus |
| US3700102A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1972-10-24 | Lawrence M Higgins | Automatic dump system for contaminants collected in a slurry processing sump |
| WO2000051741A1 (en) * | 1999-03-04 | 2000-09-08 | Behnsen, Silke | Installation and method for separating substance mixtures having different densities |
| EP3897995A4 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-03-22 | Thomas A. Valerio | System and method for four dimensionally separating materials |
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