US1674731A - Fuel-injecting means - Google Patents

Description

H. M. LEQNARD FUEL INJECTING' MEANS June 26, 1928.

Filed June .21, 1926 -III- ,im

INVENTOR ATTORNEY l m l /nlli./

Patented June ze, 192s.

' UNITED `s'rivrasl HOWARD'M. LEONARD, vor SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, AssIGNoR 'ro GERNANDT MOTOR CORPORATION, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or ILLINOIS.

I FUEL-INJECTING MEANS. I

Application filed 'June 21,

This invention vrelates to pumps andthe' like adapted, Das one .important use, .to inject fuel charges into the engine lcylinders of Diesel type'engines. An Object of the invention is to provide a pump plunger having av very close tit in itsl cylinder, and preferably formed with a novel fuel-feeding passage. arranged to mix the charges as they are injected.

I n one desirable embodiment, the pump plunger is axially divided 'to form .parts which are yieldingly urged away from each other,for example by springsconiined be-v tween them, into very close engagement with their cylinder. `The parts may be connected, by a novel tongue-and-groove joint or the like, with an operating plunger alined with the pump plunger.

As this gives all the clearance in the space between the parts of the plunger-I prefer to utilize this space aspart of a passage for 'feeding the compressed fuel mixture to the engine, by forming an opening `from the outside of one part of the plunger to this space between the parts, whlcli opening atv the end of the compression stroke of the pump is arranged to communicate with the engine cylinder.

As I consider parts be made so accurately that the clearance between them is quite small, I prefer to form one part of the plunger on its plane face with an axial groove extending from the yend of the plunger and communicating with the above-described Opening. If desired, at least a part of `the passage formed by the groove and opening may be of zigzag form,-that is, it may be formed with a series of sharp bends,-to form baflles which aid in breaking up and vaporizing the fuel charges.

In one modiiicationshown in the drawing, there is a separate part in an undercut groove in the plunger over the end of the radial opening, having a depression or cup over the end of that opening in which most of the compressed fuel charges collect, and

it desirable that the 4plunger- 1926. serial No. 117,648.

bodimenit shown in the ing, in which:

Figure l is a vertical section axially through the engine and pump cylinders;

' Figure?J is an end elevation of one form of pump plunger;

Figure accompanying drawis-a development of the upper portion of one part ofthe plunger;

Figure 4 is a side elevation of a modified, plunger; I

.Figure 5 is a side elevation, 90 'from Figure 4, of the plunger;

Figure is a cross section through the vplunger on the line 6 6 of Figure 1 (or 4).; 7o

though the invention is not limited tor use y with such engines. j,

The present invention relatesto the pump for injecting the fuel. In both arrangements the pump includes a. divided Or multipart plunger' arranged in a pump cylinder 22, the plunger also acting as a valve injecting compressed charges of fuel and gases into the engine cylinder through one or more ,passages 24, just before the engine piston 10 `Ycompletes its compression stroke.

As is usual in this type of engine. the air compressed by engine piston 10 is at this time at a sufficiently high temperature'to ignite the 95 fuel. In the particular engine illustrated, the fuel charges are vaporized in carrying charges Of exhaust gases from the engine cylinder, although if preferred air, steam,

Or otherca-rrying fluid may be used to form 100 a rich vapor with the fuel.

The pump plunger includes two parts 26 and 28, divided diametrically With respect to the pu'mp cylinder, and with openings 24 approximately opposite the center of part 105 26. Parts 26 and 28 are provided at their lower' ends with'tongues 30 and 32 interlocking as a tongue-and-groove joint with an undercut groove formed by flanges 34 extending, parallel to the plane dividing 11o parts `26 and 28, across the top of ani operi atingplunger 36. Parts 26and 28 arel urged springs confinedbetween them, here illus-V trated as two coil springs 38 in sockets awayfrom each other by a plurality of formed on the inner -sides of the plunger parts (see Figure 6).'

f -The plunger of Figures 1-3 has an axial groove 40 along the plane face of part 26,

' '44 with a short straight groove 46 which preferably of zig-zag form (i. e. formed Awith a series of sharp bends), which is connected by an opening 42 and a radial zig-zag groove registers with passage 24 when the pump plunger is at the uppermost end of its stroke.

The fuel passage of the plunger of'li1 igures 4, 5, and 7 includes the groove 40, as

before, which however in this' modification ings 24 when the plunger is at the end of its compression stroke. V

AIn bothl forms, fuel such as distillate or keroseneis introduced. in successive charges, by any suitableineans (not shown) through a passage 56 at the top of the pump lcylinder, While the-pump plunger is on itsdown stroke. s When the plunger reaches the lower endl of4 its stroke (and when the fuel is to be vaporized i'n exhaust gases), vthe passage 24 is uncovered. Preferably this is just beforethe end of the power stroke of piston 10, so that exhaust gases from the engine cylinder 12, under very considerable pressure, rush through passage 24 and fill the pump cylinder 22.

On the compression stroke of the pump plunger, the fuel vaporizes in the hot eX- haust gases, the vaporization beingl aided by the mixing of the gases as they are forced through thetortuous path in the passage through the plunger. At the end of the compression stroke, and shortly before the end of the compression stroke of piston 10, the vaporizedy fuel mixture is injected through passages 24 into the combustion chamber 16.' The pump plunger, and operating plunger 36, are operated by a suitable engine-driven cam or the like,-against the `resistance of the usual 1return spring 58.

Vhile two illustrative plungers have been described in detail, it is not my intention to limit 'the scope of the invention to those particular. constructions, or otherwise than by the terms of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. Fuel-injecting means for the power cylinder of an engine comprising, in combination with said power cylinder, a pump cylinder, a pump plunger in the pump cylinder divided. in a plane parallel to its axis and with the parts so formed urgedyieldingly apart against the pump cylinder wall, and

means operative at the end of the stroke of the'pump plunger for placing the power vcylinder of the' engine incommunication with the space between the parts. of the divided pumpv plunger.

. 2. Fuel-'meeting means for the power cylinder of, an engine comprising, in, combination with said power cylinder, a pump cylinder, a pump plunger in the pump vcylinder divided in a plane parallel to its axis and with the parts so formed urged yieldingly apart against the pump cylinder wall, and openings vin 'the powercylinder wall and in the adjacent part of said plunger which are arranged to communicate at the end of thestroke of the pump plungerfor placing the power cylinder of the engine in-communication with the space between the parts of the divided pump plunger.

3. A pump comprising a divided plunger, and means urging the parts of Athe plunger yieldingly apart, one partroflthe plunger lhaving a passage formed in an axial direc-- tion on its plane face and opening at one end at the endp'of the plunger, and one of said parts of the plunger having a generally radial passage from its outerl face which communicates with the other, end of the axial passage.

4. A pumpcomprising a divided plunger, I

one part of the plunger having a passage formed in an axial direction on its plane face and opening at one end at the end of the plunger, and-one ofv said parts of the lunger havinga generally radial passage rom its outer face which communicates with v the other end of the axial passage.

5. A pump comprising a divided plunger,

one part of the plunger. having a passage formed in an axial direction on its plane face and opening at one end at the end of the plunger, the same part of the plunger having a generally radial passage from its outer face. which communicates with the other end of the axial passage.

6. A pump plunger divided'axially in two parts, with the plane face of at least one part grooved to Aform an axial passage from the end of the plunger inwardly, and with one part having an opening therethrough communicating with the inner end of said passafe. v

7. pump plunger divided axially in two parts, with the lane face` of at least one part grooved to orm an axial assage from lthe end of the plunger inwar l and with one part having 'an opening t erethrough communicating with the inner end of said passage, said v-plunger having a plurality of lsprings arranged on opposite sides of said opening and urging the partsof the plung- -Ier away from each other.

8. A pump plunger divided axially in tWQ parts, with the plane face of at least one part groovcd to form an axial passage from the end of the plunger inwardly, and with one part having an opening therethrough communicating with `the inner end of said passage,said plunger' having al pair of radiz'rlly-extending coil springs conned between. said parts, one above and one below said opening.

9. A pump plunger divided axially to form two parts` yieldingly urged apart, to-4 gether with an operating plunger alined with one end oi said pump plunger, the operating plunger having a tongue-and-groove connection with the ends of the parts of the operating plunger alined therewith and formed with an undercut groove across its end, each part oi the pump plunger havlng an undercut tongue to lit in one side of said groove. y

12. A pump plunger divided axially to Jform 'two' parts yieldingly urged apart, an operating plunger alined therewith and formed with an undercut groove across its end, each .part of the pump plunger having an undercut'tongue to fit in one side of the groove, together with a plurality of springs confined between said parts and urging them away from each other.

13. A pump plunger divided axially toform two parts yieldingly urged apart, an

operating plunger. alined therewith and formed'with an undercut lgroove across 1ts end, .each part of the pump plunger having van undercut tongue totin onek side of the groove, together with yielding meansl arranged between'said parts and urging them away from each other.

14. A pump plunger divided axially to form separated parts, and. having a passage extending axially down the plane face of one of said-parts and then through one of said parts to the outside` of the plunger.

15. 'pumpl plunger divided axially to form separated parts, and having a passage extending axially down the plane face of oneof said partsand then through one of said parts to the outside of the plunger', at least a portion of said passage being formed with a series of sharp bends serving as baiies to mix Huid passing through the passage.

16. A pump plunger divided' axially'in two parts, one of which is formed with a radial passage permitting communication of the'.

space between said parts with the outside ofv the plunger, said part having a transverse undercut groove across the outer end of said passage, together with a separate part fitting in said groove and formed with openings and having a depression over the end of said passage and from which said openings lead.

17. A pulnp plunger divided axially in two parts, one of which is formed with a radial passage permitting communication of the space between` said parts with the outside of the plunger, said part having a transverse undercut groove across the outer end of said passage, together with a separate part fitting in said groove and formed with openings communicating with said passage.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

HOWARD MQ LEONARD.

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