US1674683A - Arrangement for uniform electrical sound transmission - Google Patents
Arrangement for uniform electrical sound transmission Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1674683A US1674683A US97008A US9700826A US1674683A US 1674683 A US1674683 A US 1674683A US 97008 A US97008 A US 97008A US 9700826 A US9700826 A US 9700826A US 1674683 A US1674683 A US 1674683A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- arrangement
- frequencies
- sound
- sound transmission
- uniform electrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R3/12—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers
- H04R3/14—Cross-over networks
Definitions
- the invention deals with the problem of providing a sound apparatus which carries out the transformation of mechanical sound energy from and into electric energy as faithfully as possible within an extraordinary large range of frequencies, that is to say, it is to be so constructed that the differ ent sound oscillations which are present in a large complex (for example, in the transformation of music) are transformed and reproduced perfectly, both as regards the absolute magnitude of the sound oscillations on the one hand and above all with regard to their relative loudness of tone on the other hand.
- the electrostatic apparatus is partlcularly suitable for use with high frequencies, compared with the electromagnetic I and the electrodynamic devices which work wlth iron, because with increasing frequency the dielectric losses increase considerably more gradually than the iron losses.
- the electrodynamic apparatus on the other hand compared with the electromagnetic is more suitable for lower frequencies than the latter apparatus is, because the efficiency-constant of the electromagnetic apparatus .increases or diminishes with the square of the frequency whilst the efficiency-constant of the electrodynamic apparatus only varies with the first power of the frequency.
- a further feature of the invention consists in the dilferent degree of efficiency of the different individual electrical vibrators being balanced by the inverse degree of amplification in connection with the' different types. This feature may be applied in connection with apparatus of different type or with apparatus of the same type.
- the efiiciency-constant represents, as is well-known from the work of Hahnemann and Hecht (see particularly Physikalische Zeitschrift 20, 1919, Schallgeber und Schallempfanger, I), a measure for the efiiciency of the apparatus and the formulae for this constant are the following:
- the degree of ampli cation of the amplifying devices connected therewith increase in the direction of higher frequencies.
- the reference'numeral 1 indicates a sound horn which is coupled with the resonator 2.
- An oscillatory diaphragm '3 abuts on the resonator 2.
- This diaphragm carries in the case of the condenser apparatus the one plate 4 of the pair of condenser plates, in the case of the electroma netic apparatus the armature 5 and in t e case of the electrodynamic apparatus the oscillating current conductor 6.
- the second condenser plate in the condenser apparatus is indicated by 7, the magnetic structure of the electromagnetic apparatus by 8 and the magnetic structure of the electrodynamic apparatus by 9.
- a chain of series condensers and shunt inductances which substantially filters out the low frequencies is connected in front of the apparatus associated therewith.
- a chain 11 composed of series choke coils and shunt condensers, which 'substantially shuts out the higher frequencies, is connected in front of the apparatus associated therewith.
- a mixed chain 12 composed of both series andshunt condensers and choke coils, is provided.
- V V V are amplifier units, the degree of amplification of each unit being assumed to be the same.
- a device for sound communication comprising a plurality of individual electrical vibrators; a vibrator of the electrostatic type I for the high frequency range, a vibrator of the electromagnetic type for the medium frequency range, and a vibrator of the elec trodynamic type for the low frequency range 2.
- A comprising electrical vibrators of different type for different ranges of frequencies; a
- a device for sound communication comprising a plurality of electrical vibrators for the different ranges of frequencies, and amplifiers of different degree of amplification connected to the individual vibrators in the inverse ratio of the efliciency of production of sound of the individual vibrators.
Description
June 26, 1928.
ARRANGEMENT FOR UNIFORM ELECTRICAL souun TRANSMISSION HAHNEMANN Filed March 24, 1926 2 Sheets- Sheet 1 June 26, 1928. 1,674,683 I w. HAHNEMANN ARRANGEMENT FOR UNIFORM ELECTRICAL SOUND TRANSMISSION Filed March 24, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet, 2
xllllm Patented June 1928.
UNITED STATES WALTER HAHNEMANN, OF KITZEBERG,
LORENZ AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT,
NEAR KIEL, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO C.
OE IBERLIN-TEMPELHOF, GERMANY.
ARRANGEMENT FOR UNIFORM ELECTRICAL SOUND TRANSMISSION.
Applioation'filed March 24, 1926, Serial No. 97,008, and in Germany March 31, 1925.
The invention deals with the problem of providing a sound apparatus which carries out the transformation of mechanical sound energy from and into electric energy as faithfully as possible within an extraordinary large range of frequencies, that is to say, it is to be so constructed that the differ ent sound oscillations which are present in a large complex (for example, in the transformation of music) are transformed and reproduced perfectly, both as regards the absolute magnitude of the sound oscillations on the one hand and above all with regard to their relative loudness of tone on the other hand.
With a view to solving this problem it has already been proposed to permit different, constructively independent, transmitting or recei ing devices to cooperate with one another, each of them having allotted to it a predetermined range of frequency so that the frequency ranges of the individual, constructively independent, oscillation systems are grouped or located adjacent to one another in any desired arrangement, and so that the whole spectrum of. audible frequencies is continuously covered. At the same time the individual, vibratory systems themselves may be composed of several in dividual oscillatory structures so thatthey constitute coupled systems, whose coupling resonance regions are arranged in a row within the frequency range allotted to the individual oscillators.
It has been found that if loud speaking electrical oscillators of the same type are used in such systems, in spite of having equal efficiency, high and low frequencies are reproduced with difi'erent strengths because the so-called efliciency-constant of these devices is dependent upon the frequency.
According to the invention for the three principal ranges of high, medium and low frequencies, the three different, possible types of apparatus can be used at the same time,
namely, the electrostatic apparatus, the electromagnetic apparatus and the electrodynamic apparatus, the electrostatic apparatus being allotted to the transformation and reproduction of the high frequencies, the electrodynamic apparatus being allotted to the t-ransforn'iation and reproduction of the low frequencies and the electromagnetic apparatus being allotted to the transformation and reproduction of the medium frequencies. The electrostatic apparatus is partlcularly suitable for use with high frequencies, compared with the electromagnetic I and the electrodynamic devices which work wlth iron, because with increasing frequency the dielectric losses increase considerably more gradually than the iron losses. The electrodynamic apparatus on the other hand compared with the electromagnetic is more suitable for lower frequencies than the latter apparatus is, because the efficiency-constant of the electromagnetic apparatus .increases or diminishes with the square of the frequency whilst the efficiency-constant of the electrodynamic apparatus only varies with the first power of the frequency.
A further feature of the invention consists in the dilferent degree of efficiency of the different individual electrical vibrators being balanced by the inverse degree of amplification in connection with the' different types. This feature may be applied in connection with apparatus of different type or with apparatus of the same type.
The efiiciency-constant represents, as is well-known from the work of Hahnemann and Hecht (see particularly Physikalische Zeitschrift 20, 1919, Schallgeber und Schallempfanger, I), a measure for the efiiciency of the apparatus and the formulae for this constant are the following:
For the electromagnetic principle:
ing principles set out in the beginnin are provided with am lifying sets whose ment with electrodynamic oscillators, ll
which also in accordance with the guiding princi les explained before, the degree of ampli cation of the amplifying devices connected therewith increase in the direction of higher frequencies.
In all the figures the reference'numeral 1 indicates a sound horn which is coupled with the resonator 2. An oscillatory diaphragm '3 abuts on the resonator 2. This diaphragm carries in the case of the condenser apparatus the one plate 4 of the pair of condenser plates, in the case of the electroma netic apparatus the armature 5 and in t e case of the electrodynamic apparatus the oscillating current conductor 6. The second condenser plate in the condenser apparatus is indicated by 7, the magnetic structure of the electromagnetic apparatus by 8 and the magnetic structure of the electrodynamic apparatus by 9. For the high frequencies a chain of series condensers and shunt inductances which substantially filters out the low frequencies is connected in front of the apparatus associated therewith. For the low frequencies a chain 11 composed of series choke coils and shunt condensers, which 'substantially shuts out the higher frequencies, is connected in front of the apparatus associated therewith. For the apparatus of the medium range of frequency a mixed chain 12, composed of both series andshunt condensers and choke coils, is provided. V V V, are amplifier units, the degree of amplification of each unit being assumed to be the same.
pick-up and the term sound transmitter as a sound emitter or loud speaker.
I claim 1. A device for sound communication comprising a plurality of individual electrical vibrators; a vibrator of the electrostatic type I for the high frequency range, a vibrator of the electromagnetic type for the medium frequency range, and a vibrator of the elec trodynamic type for the low frequency range 2. A comprising electrical vibrators of different type for different ranges of frequencies; a
vibrator of the electrostatic type for the high frequency range, a vibrator of the elecdevice for sound a communication tromagnetic type for the medium frequency a range, and a vibrator of the electrodynainic type for the low frequency range; and a high frequency pass filter circuit connected to the electrostatic vibrator, a medium frequency pass filter circuit connected to the electromagnetic vibrator, and a low frequency pass filter circuit connected to the electrodynamic vibrator.
3. A device for sound communication comprising a plurality of electrical vibrators for the different ranges of frequencies, and amplifiers of different degree of amplification connected to the individual vibrators in the inverse ratio of the efliciency of production of sound of the individual vibrators.
In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.
WALTER HAHNEMANN.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE250221T | 1925-03-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1674683A true US1674683A (en) | 1928-06-26 |
Family
ID=31893645
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US97008A Expired - Lifetime US1674683A (en) | 1925-03-31 | 1926-03-24 | Arrangement for uniform electrical sound transmission |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1674683A (en) |
FR (1) | FR613417A (en) |
GB (1) | GB250221A (en) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2452499A (en) * | 1945-08-03 | 1948-10-26 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Amplifying circuit arrangement |
US2474191A (en) * | 1947-06-06 | 1949-06-21 | Avco Mfg Corp | Tone control |
US2539327A (en) * | 1947-07-23 | 1951-01-23 | Avco Mfg Corp | Cabinet for radio apparatus |
US2547464A (en) * | 1950-03-03 | 1951-04-03 | Frederick G Hehr | Sound recording and reproducing apparatus |
US2615994A (en) * | 1948-12-14 | 1952-10-28 | Lindenberg Theodore | Diaphragm for electrostatic loud-speakers |
US2616970A (en) * | 1948-02-11 | 1952-11-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Device for the transmission by electrical means of oscillations of acoustic frequency |
US2745083A (en) * | 1949-07-07 | 1956-05-08 | Benjamin L Snavely | Transducer, elements therefor, and methods of assembly thereof |
US2830283A (en) * | 1950-04-18 | 1958-04-08 | Massa Frank | Directional characteristics of electroacoustic transducers and method for utilizing the same |
US2888517A (en) * | 1953-11-02 | 1959-05-26 | Leo C Krazinski | System and apparatus for reproducing and re-recording music |
DE973570C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1960-03-31 | Siemens Ag | Device for the plastic reproduction of electroacoustic performances |
US2973504A (en) * | 1951-03-26 | 1961-02-28 | Robert J Bobber | Sonic echo system |
US2978671A (en) * | 1951-08-11 | 1961-04-04 | Harris Transducer Corp | Electrodynamic transducer |
US2978669A (en) * | 1954-03-08 | 1961-04-04 | Harris Transducer Corp | Underwater electrodynamic acoustic transducer with air-filled composite diaphragm |
US2993090A (en) * | 1955-03-16 | 1961-07-18 | Arf Products | Electrostatic speaker circuit |
US3008013A (en) * | 1954-07-20 | 1961-11-07 | Ferranti Ltd | Electrostatic loudspeakers |
US3061676A (en) * | 1959-02-05 | 1962-10-30 | Electro Voice | Sound reproducing device |
US3135838A (en) * | 1958-12-10 | 1964-06-02 | Wright St George Lab Inc | Electrostatic loudspeaker |
US3457370A (en) * | 1965-12-30 | 1969-07-22 | C P Boner & Associates | Impedance correcting networks |
US4597100A (en) * | 1984-05-15 | 1986-06-24 | Rg Dynamics, Inc. | Ultra high resolution loudspeaker system |
US5373563A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-12-13 | Kukurudza; Vladimir W. | Self damping speaker matching device |
US5519781A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1996-05-21 | Kukurudza; Vladimir W. | Self damping speaker matching device and method |
US5526456A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1996-06-11 | Renku-Heinz, Inc. | Multiple-driver single horn loud speaker |
US5615272A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1997-03-25 | Kukurudza; Vladimir W. | Single loud speaker drive system |
US5917922A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1999-06-29 | Kukurudza; Vladimir Walter | Method of operating a single loud speaker drive system |
WO2000005809A1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-02-03 | Diaural, Llc | Capacitor-less crossover network for electro-acoustic loudspeakers |
US6411718B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2002-06-25 | Sound Physics Labs, Inc. | Sound reproduction employing unity summation aperture loudspeakers |
US20040005069A1 (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2004-01-08 | Buck Marshall D. | Dual range horn with acoustic crossover |
US10484775B1 (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-11-19 | Eten Electroncis Limited | Earphone structure |
RU2795676C1 (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-05-05 | Александр Петрович Каратунов | Speaker filter |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2324926A (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-11-04 | David Joseph Geiss | Cross-over arrangement for a loudspeaker |
-
0
- FR FR613417D patent/FR613417A/fr not_active Expired
-
1926
- 1926-03-24 GB GB8096/26A patent/GB250221A/en not_active Expired
- 1926-03-24 US US97008A patent/US1674683A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2452499A (en) * | 1945-08-03 | 1948-10-26 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Amplifying circuit arrangement |
US2474191A (en) * | 1947-06-06 | 1949-06-21 | Avco Mfg Corp | Tone control |
US2539327A (en) * | 1947-07-23 | 1951-01-23 | Avco Mfg Corp | Cabinet for radio apparatus |
US2616970A (en) * | 1948-02-11 | 1952-11-04 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Device for the transmission by electrical means of oscillations of acoustic frequency |
DE973570C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1960-03-31 | Siemens Ag | Device for the plastic reproduction of electroacoustic performances |
US2615994A (en) * | 1948-12-14 | 1952-10-28 | Lindenberg Theodore | Diaphragm for electrostatic loud-speakers |
US2745083A (en) * | 1949-07-07 | 1956-05-08 | Benjamin L Snavely | Transducer, elements therefor, and methods of assembly thereof |
US2547464A (en) * | 1950-03-03 | 1951-04-03 | Frederick G Hehr | Sound recording and reproducing apparatus |
US2830283A (en) * | 1950-04-18 | 1958-04-08 | Massa Frank | Directional characteristics of electroacoustic transducers and method for utilizing the same |
US2973504A (en) * | 1951-03-26 | 1961-02-28 | Robert J Bobber | Sonic echo system |
US2978671A (en) * | 1951-08-11 | 1961-04-04 | Harris Transducer Corp | Electrodynamic transducer |
US2888517A (en) * | 1953-11-02 | 1959-05-26 | Leo C Krazinski | System and apparatus for reproducing and re-recording music |
US2978669A (en) * | 1954-03-08 | 1961-04-04 | Harris Transducer Corp | Underwater electrodynamic acoustic transducer with air-filled composite diaphragm |
US3008013A (en) * | 1954-07-20 | 1961-11-07 | Ferranti Ltd | Electrostatic loudspeakers |
US2993090A (en) * | 1955-03-16 | 1961-07-18 | Arf Products | Electrostatic speaker circuit |
US3135838A (en) * | 1958-12-10 | 1964-06-02 | Wright St George Lab Inc | Electrostatic loudspeaker |
US3061676A (en) * | 1959-02-05 | 1962-10-30 | Electro Voice | Sound reproducing device |
US3457370A (en) * | 1965-12-30 | 1969-07-22 | C P Boner & Associates | Impedance correcting networks |
US4597100A (en) * | 1984-05-15 | 1986-06-24 | Rg Dynamics, Inc. | Ultra high resolution loudspeaker system |
US5373563A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1994-12-13 | Kukurudza; Vladimir W. | Self damping speaker matching device |
US5519781A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1996-05-21 | Kukurudza; Vladimir W. | Self damping speaker matching device and method |
US5526456A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1996-06-11 | Renku-Heinz, Inc. | Multiple-driver single horn loud speaker |
US5615272A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1997-03-25 | Kukurudza; Vladimir W. | Single loud speaker drive system |
US5917922A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1999-06-29 | Kukurudza; Vladimir Walter | Method of operating a single loud speaker drive system |
WO2000005809A1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-02-03 | Diaural, Llc | Capacitor-less crossover network for electro-acoustic loudspeakers |
US6411718B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2002-06-25 | Sound Physics Labs, Inc. | Sound reproduction employing unity summation aperture loudspeakers |
US20040005069A1 (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2004-01-08 | Buck Marshall D. | Dual range horn with acoustic crossover |
US7392880B2 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2008-07-01 | Gibson Guitar Corp. | Dual range horn with acoustic crossover |
US10484775B1 (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-11-19 | Eten Electroncis Limited | Earphone structure |
RU2795676C1 (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-05-05 | Александр Петрович Каратунов | Speaker filter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB250221A (en) | 1927-04-07 |
FR613417A (en) | 1926-11-17 |
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