US16732A - Machine - Google Patents

Description

UNTTED STATES PATENT QFFTCE.

CHARLES HUTCHINS, OF EAST DOUGLASS, MASSACHUSETTS.

MACHINE FOR MAKING AXES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,732, dated March 3, 185'?.

To all whom t may concern:

Be itknown that I, CHARLES HUTCHINS, of East Douglass, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Method of Making Ax- Ioles in the Manufacture of Axes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this speciiication, in which- Figure l,v is a front elevation of the system of machinery employed; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Figs. 3, et, and 5, vertical sections taken at the lines A, a, B, o, and C, c, of Fig. l, looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 6, represents the form of the block of iron from which an ax is to be made; Fig. 7, represents the form given to the block of iron by the first operation; Fig. 8, represents the form to which the block is reduced by the second operation to produce what is called a pattern; and Fig. 9, the form to which it is finally reduced by the third operation and called an ax pole, preparatory to finishing an in the usual way.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

In my improved method of making axes I take a block of iron, Fig. 6, cut of the required weight, length, breadth and thickness, depending on the size of the intended ax, and when heated subject it to the action of two dies that have a rotary reciprocating motion, to be presently described, which roll the block of iron longitudinally to the form represented by Fig. 7, with a thick part ain the middle of the length and projecting from one face and which ultimately forms the head of the ax, and with two projections b, b, one at each end, and on the opposite face, leaving a cavity o between them, which, when bent, forms the eye of the ax. The piece thus prepared is then subjected to two cross rollings between two segment dies that have a. rotary reciprocating motion to reduce it to the form represented at Fig. S. This is to make the swell of the cheeks (Z, cl, which must be greater on what is to be the inner edge of the ax than on the outer edge, and hence one cheek must be first rolled in one direction between the segment dies and then reversed to roll the other cheek that the greatest swell of the two cheeks may be on the same edge of the piece of iron which is called a patttern in the form to which it is reduced by the several branches of the mode of procedure thus far stated. The pattern in the form last described, is then brought to the form represented at Fig. 9, called an ax pole, by gripping the part a, or central projection of the pattern, between aws and bending the cheeks around a former until the two projections Z), Z) nearly touch, to determine the shape of the eye; when discharged from the former the ax pole is in a condition to co-mplete the ax in the usual manner.

In Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of the acccompanying drawings e, c, represent two horizontal parallel rollers mounted in suit-able adjustable boxes in manner well known and represented. The shafts of these rollers pass through the bo-xes, and on one end they carry two segment cog wheels f, f that mesh into each other so that the rollers shall turn in opposite directions. One of these sector wheels has an arm g with a wrist pin connected by a rod L with a crank pin on a spur wheel z' which receives motion froln some first mover by a pinion j on the driving shaft c. The rotary motion imparted to the wheel i by the connections described imparts a rotary reciprocating motion to the two rollers e, e. Between the two rollers, and in front of the bight thereof, is placed an adjustable gage 7c the face of which determines the position of the block of iron, Fig. 6, in a lateral direction. And on the surface of the lower roller there is another adjustable gage Z which determines the longitudinal position of the block of iron. In the face of the two rollers are fitted dies m, or the face of the rollers may be made to constitute the dies. And the face of the die in the upper roller has a cavity a to form the project-ion t represented on the pattern, Fig. 7 and each side of this cavity it is cylindrical. And the die on the lower roller is cylindrical along the part 0 with a. cavity at each end to form the two projections Z), one at each end of the pattern as represented at Fig. 7 These two cavities may extend to any distance desired on each side, as the length of the block of iron, Fig. 6, the length of the cylindrical part of the die, and the position of the gage Z determine the proper relations of the two projections Z),

As the rollers by their motion move the dies forward the operative inserts the block of iron Fig. 6 with one end against the gage Z and one edge against the side gage 7c, and as the rollers make their back and forward motion the block of iron is rolled to the form of Fig. 7, and discharged, the rollers remaining nearly at rest as the crank passes the dead point to give the attendant time to insert another block for a repetition of the operation. The pattern thus wrought is then transferred by the operative to, and introduced between, two segment dies y), p secured to the outer ends of the shafts of the rollers before described and moving in unison with them. On the front face of one of these two segment dies there are two gages g, g one near each end. At the end of the forward motion of these dies the pattern, Fig. 7, is inserted between them by the operative who places one edge of the pattern against the front face of the rear gage, and the projection a of the pattern against the edge of the die, and as the dies vibrate back their surfaces are so formed as to roll one of the cheeks Z of the pattern thinner toward each edge and thinnest on the edge toward Ythe rolling action, which constitutes the inner edge of the ax. At the end of the back vibration the operative turns the pattern end for end and inserts the other cheek between the dies and against the rear face of the front gage so that in the return vibration this cheek of the pattern is rolled like the first with the thinnest edge in the same direction.

By rolling both cheeks in the same direction and toward that edge which is to form the inner edge of the ax the swell will be considerably greater on that side than the other, as required in making axes. The face of the bottom die is concentric and presents the segment of a cylinder where it acts on the cheeks of the pattern, and the face of the upper die at r, i", is cut out sufficiently to receive the projections Z), 7), on the ends of the pattern that they may not be touched during the cross rolling` on the cheeks, and the face deviates slightly from the cylindrical form and sufficiently so in opposite direction from each gage toward the other to give the required level to the cheeks toward each edge thereof. The degree .of curvature will depend upon the exact form desired to be given to the cheeks of the axes to be made.

The pattern reduced by the two series of operations above described to the form represented at Fig. 8, is then transferred'by the operative to the third branch of the operation and placed on the upper face of a former s which corresponds with the upper inner surface of the eye of the ax when completed, and the head is there gripped by a gripping lever jaw t'. The rear end of this jaw is connected with a treadle c so that the operative can grip the head a of the pattern by operating the treadle with his foot. To a slide frame w working on suitable vertical ways :u are jointed two adjustable jaws y, y carrying` on their lower ends two rollers e, z the peripheries of which can be adjusted laterally by set screws or wedges to the sides of the former and the thickness of the cheeks; the upper end of the slide frame w is connected by a connecting rod a with a crank o on the shaft d by which a reciprocating motion is given to the slide frame with its roller jaw sufficient in extent to give the required time for the operative to introduce and grip the pattern as the crank passes the upper dead point, and as the frames descend the roller jaws bend down the two cheeks of the pattern on each side of the former, the sides 0f which are sufliciently cut out to receive the two projections b, of the pat-tern. As the slide frame rises the roller jaws liberate the pattern which is then removed from the former in the shape of an aX pole as represented at Fig. 9, and in a condition to be finished in the usual way.

In the foregoing I have described three machines which are employed in the successive operations to produce ax poles; but I do not wish to be undertsood as making claim to the mechanical construction of either of the said machines, as substantially such machines have been used separately for other purposes although under modifications which would not answer the purposes herein specified. Nor do I wish to be understood as limiting my claim of invention to the use of machines constructed specifically as herein described as they may be modified in many respects without essentially changing the mode of their operation by which they are rendered useful in the production of ax poles Vhat I do claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- The preparation of the bar or block of iron by longitudinal rolling between rolling dies operating substantially as herein described, to form with a projection on one face in the middle of its length, and two projections on the opposite face, one at each end, substantially as described, in combination with the cross rolling between segment dies under a mode of operation substantially such as herein described to reduce the thickness of the cheeks toward the edges and to form the required swell on the edges of the cheeks, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

CHARLES HUTCHINS.

V'Titnesses EDWIN Moons, FRANCIS W. HUNT.

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