US1672657A - Soap stabilization - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 5, 1928.

JESSE It. POWELL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO ARMOUR & COMP, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

SOAP STABILIZATION.

Ho Drawing.

My invention relates to soap stabilization and it has particular relation to the prevention of decomposition or rancidification of soap. 7

Among the objects of the invention are improved methods of manufacturing soaps, or soap products, whereby soap rancidification or decomposition is prevented. and an improved soap product embodying a stabilizer for the same purpose.

Much trouble is experienced in the manufacture and distribution of soap on account of the tendency of some soaps to decompose or become rancid. The difliculties are particularly pronounced in case of soaps or soap products made from fats which rapidly develop rancidity, such as cottonseed oil, cot- :aitolpseed oil. foots, commercial greases, and the In the Patent No. 1,542,438, to Robert E. Devine, assigned to the assignee of the present application, there is described a process of stabilizing soap and an improved stable soap product utilizing a small quantity of an aromatic amine, such as diphenylamine, as a stabilizing agent.

According to my present invention, I use as a stabilizing medium, a different class of product than that disclosed in the foregoing patent. I have found, namely, that soap decomposition or rancidification will be prevented by incorporating in the soap a small quantity of a condensation product of an aromatic amine with an aliphatic aldehyde, such as acetalde-hyde-aniline, formaldehydeaniline, and the like. In order to secure the stabilizing effect, the stabilizing agent may be added to the soap at any of the stages of its manufacture, and very good results are also obtained if the stabilizing agent is added to the raw product from which the soap is made, that is, tothe oils and fats. In the latter case, that is, when my improved stabilizing agent is added to the raw fats whichtend to develop rancidity, such as cottonseed oil, cotton-seed oil foots, and the like, rancidity and decomposition of such fats will be prevented, and the stabilizing action will also be efiective during the further chemical Application filed December 24, 1926. Serial No. 156,989.

processes to which the fats are subjected in the course of their conversion into the soap, so that the resulting soap product will be stable, and free from any tendency to decompose or become rancid.

The amount of the improved stabilizing. agent that is necessary in order to secure a stable soap, is relatively small. The addition of approximately l/lOOth or 1/50th to 1/2 of 1%, by weight of the soap product when in the molten state, will in most cases be sufficient. I have secured very good results and a perfectly stable soap by adding approximately 1/25th of 1% of acetalde hyde-aniline to the ordinary soap product made with the kettle process. The Word small in the claims as applied to the amount of stabilizing agent, means that a sufliciently small quantity of stabilizing agent is present, usually, in the above proportions, to stabilize the soap.

As a practical example of carrying out my invention, the fat from which the soap. is to be made, for instance, cottonseed'oil, lard, corn oil, olive oil, or other oil or fat, is directly saponified, or may be hydrolyzed, for example, by means of sulphuric acid, sulfo-fatty acid compounds, or the like, and

the resulting fatty acid removed by steam distillation.

The fatty acid is then converted into a soap for example, by the usual kettle process being neutralized, preferably with soda, boiled and Washed in the usual manner, resulting in a soap stock of a well known commercial type. The soap obtained from either of the foregoing processes may then be washed and drawn olf, and While in this state I am adding thereto about 1/25th ofl% of acetaldehyde-aniline. The soap is then dried in the usual manner and may then be marketed in cakes, in flakes, or any other form, as desired.

As pointed out above, my lmproved stabllizing agent will be effective if added during any other stage of the process of the manufacture of the soap. For instance, I, may add the corresponding amount of tl1 e stab1- lizing agent, such as'acetaldehyde-amhne, to

the oils, or fats, prior to the saponification. The oils and fats so treated may then be saponified just as is the case with oils that have not been stabilized, and the resulting soap product will then be found to be stable, similarly to the soap to which the stabilizing agent was added while in the molten state. On the'other hand I have also secured good. results by mixing or otherwise incorporating the stabilizing agent into the soap flakes, or into the solidified soap, for instance, while it is being passed through the soap mill, or plodder. In general, any method whereby the stabilizing agent is suitably incorporated in the final soap product will be found effective in preventing decomposition, or rancidiification, thereof.

Instead of incorporating in the soap the condensation product of the aromatic amine and the straight-chain aldehyde, I may incorporate first one ingredient, and then another ingredient, in the soap. at different times. The two substances will then react to form the condensation product while incorporated in the soap body. Thus. for instance, I may add the amine to the raw oil or fats prior to the saponification thereof. and add the aldehyde to the sa-ponifiedproduct obtained therefrom when drawn off from the kettle.

In its broad aspects, my invention is not restricted to the use of the specific substances enumerated above. On the contrary," other condensation products of aromatic amines with straight-chain aldehydes, may be used instead, with very good results.

I have found that soaps havin embodied therein a stabilizing agent accor ing to my invention, will not decompose or become rancid where similar soaps being made with out the stabilizing agent would becbme ran cid in a very short time, for instance, approximately two weeks. My improved stabilizing agent is also effective in preventing discoloration of the soap, or spotting of the same, which is found very ob ectionable in commercial soaps.

The expressions incorporating in the soap or incorporating in the soap product used in the accompanyi g claims, include any of the methods described above of adding the stabilizing agent to the final soap or soap product. There are three methods specificially disclosed in the specification, namely: (1) Mixing the condensation product wlth the raw fat; (2) mixing the condensation product with the finished soap; and (3;) mixing the aromatic amine or aliphatic aldehyde with the raw oil or fats prior tosaponification and then adding the other ingredient to the final soap, whereupon the two are caused to react to form a condensation product. Those methods in which the condensation product, or the ingredients which will form the condensation product,

amines may also contain substituent groups,

as for example nitro, sulpho-, chloro-, bromo-, hydroxy-, carboxy, etc. grou s. The formaldehyde or acetaldehyde may a so be replaced in whole or hyde, propylaldehyde, furfuraldehy e, and other similar aldehydes.

I claim:

1. The method of stabilizing soap which comprises intermixing therewith a condensation product of aromatic amines with aliphatic aldehydes.

2. The method of stabilizing soap which comprises incorporating in the soap product an aromatic amine and an aliphatic aldehyde and reacting the two to form a condensation product.

3. The method of stabilizing soap which comprises embodying therein acetaldehyde and aniline and reacting the two-to'form a condensation product.

4. The method of manufacturing a stable soap which comprises inco orating in said soap the condensation pro uct of aoetaldehyde and aniline.

5. The method of manufacturing soap which comprises mixing therewith between 1/100th and 1% of a condensation product of an aromatic amine and an aliphatic aldehyde.

6. The method of manufacturing soap' which comprises incorporatin therein from 1/50th to 1/2 of 1% of a con ensatiomcompound of an aromatic amine and an alipliatic aldehyde.

7. The method of manufacturing soap which comprises incorporating therein from 1/50th1 to 1/2 of 1% of a con'densation compound of aniline and acetaldeh de.

8. A soap stabilized by a con ensation product of an aromatic amine and an aliphatic aldehyde equal to 1/100th to 1% of the soap. 1

9. A soap stabilized by a condensation product of acetaldehyde and aniline equal to 1/50th to 1/2 of 1% of the soap.

10. A soap derived: from fatt acids having a high tendency to rancidi y stabilized by a condensation compound of an aromatic amine and an aliphatic aldehyde of about 1/50th to 1/2 of 1% of the soap.

11. A soap derived from fatt acids having a hi h tendency to rancidi y stabilized by a con ensation compound of an acetaldehyde and aniline of about 1/50thto 1/2 of 1% of the soap.

12. A soap stabilized by a small amount part by but laldeof a condensation compound, of an aromatic amine and an aliphatic aldehyde.

13. A method of stabilizing soap which comprises intermixing a condensation prod- I 5' uct of an aromatic amine and an aliphatic aldehyde during the saponification. I

14. In a method of stabilizing soap the step of incorporating a condensation roduct of an aromatic amine and an alip atic aldehyde with the raw fats prior and preparatory to saponification.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub scribed my name.

JESSE R. POWELL.