US1663597A - Gas-cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Mach 27, 1928. 1,663,597

c. G. HAWLEY GAS CLEANING APPARATUS ATTORN EY March 27, 1928.

' C. G. HAWLEY GAS CLEANING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 YM @y Af/0% 4 INVENTOR Patented Mar. 27, 1928.

UNITED STATES v1,663,597 PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO CENTBIFIX COR- PORATION, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION 0F OHIO.

GAS-CEENING ArPARA'rUs.

Application led lay 4,

' My invention relates to improvements in gas cleaning apparatus, with special ref erence to means for collecting and removlng dust from streams of air or gas.

The object of the invention is to provide a highly efficient dust catching or reooverlng apparatus adapted to be interposed in gas and air stacks, and, which shall be wholly composed of stationar (non-rotative) parts; which shall be of litt e weight; of. low cost; adapted to be made of various metals suited tothe varying purposes; and be easy of maintenance and repair.

A special purpose of the invention is to lprovide a dust catching apparatus which in one of its several forms shall be most admirably adapted for employment at the top of stacks, such as cupolas, where at times high temperatures must be endured, without lessening the eiiiciency ofthe apparatus or `materially shorteningr its life.

The invention will be clearly understood upon reference to the drawings that form part of this specification, and in which Fig. 1

is a vertical section of one form of the ap.v

paratus embodying my invention; Fig.' 2 is a horizontal section thereof on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 resembles Fig. 1 but illustrates a modiiied' construction; Fig. 4 illustrates a further modification; Fig. 5 is a vertical section illustrating a multiple arrangement of the gas purifying or dust catching units. Fig. 6 is a side view ofthe apparatus of Fig. 5 on a reduced scale. Figs. 7 and 8 are plan views illustrating the different arrangement of the dust catching units at the top of the stack. Fig. 9 lfs a plan view partly in section of a multiple unit apparatus as adapted for employment at the top of a cupola; Fig. 1() isa side elevation thereof, partly in section; and Fig. 11 is a side elevation, on a reduced scale, showing dierent methods of opening the top of the structure topermit free exit of the gases; also easy entrance to the interior of the-structure.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the part 2 represents the shortened upper end of a stack, such as the exhaust stack at the top of a, water gas machine; through which not only gases but flames rise at intervals. Any dust catching means placed directly above such a machine would be subjected to the intense radiant heat of the flame, and as a iirst step `and precaution I remove the dust catcher from that position and place it at 1925. Serial No. 27,837.

one side of the stack where it is hidden or shaded from the radiant heat and will have .a longer life.

With reference to the other drawings, it is seen that this is a feature that persists in all of those forms of myl apparatus which arev placed at`the tops of or within or between the top and bottom of the vertical lirestacks. Carrying out the importance of this idea, it is to be noted that by this invention only the tuyre ring or centrifugal element proper is exposed in any manner within the dust catcher casing. All other parts are exposed to the outer atmosphere on the outside of the dust catcher casing. In such positions they are readily accessible and are of long life.

The next special advantage to be noted viiows from the fact that the dust catcher casing need be no larger or Vhigher than necessary to contaln thevcentrifugal element or tuyre ring and aliord adequate gas pas sages about that element. In consequence, the size and weight ofthe casing are most conveniently small.

The part 3 is the centrifugal element or tuyre ring above mentioned. It is composed of a circumferential series of tangentially positioned vertical tuyre blades 3 suitably fastened or held at the top and bottom. These present the many tangential entrance tuyres 4. The before mentioned casing is a bracket like box 5 which receives the top of the stack 2 and extends to one side thereof.- The upper and lower ends of the tuyre ring -3 are accommodated in holes-in the top 5 and bottom 5" of the casing 5. By preference the top of the tuyre ring is characterized by'an overhanging 4abutment ring 3, and a peripheral extension of that ring serves as a support for the 1tuyre ring, hanging `from the margin of the hole in the casing top 5. For additional support, the lower ends of the tuyre blades 3 may rest on the iioor 5'. ofthe casing. The opening 6 within the ring 3 is .the gas outlet. This may open directly to the atmosphere or, if desired, intothe base of a stack extension 2. The whole lower end of the tuyre ring 3 is open. A. short distance below it I suspend a bottom disk 7, leaving an annular dust discharge slot 8 between it and the extreme lower end ofthe tuyere ring 3. Hanging from the casing part 5 and surrounding t-he lower end .of the tuvre ring and the plate 7 is a larger ring 9, and, the dustrespecic gravity,

ceiving cone or bottom l() hangsfrom the ring 9. 11 is the dust discharge pipe. Special note is to be made of the annular expansion cavity 'or race 8 directly at the lower end of the tuyre ring and at the periphery of the plate 7.

The dust carrying gases which rise in the stack 2 are diverted by the bracket like casing and distributed to the many slit-like tangential tuyres 4.-. Entering the tuyres with considerable velocity the dust burdened gases take on a rapid whirling motion within the barrel-like tuyre or tuyre ring; with the result that the dust particles are immediately deposited upon the inner surfaces .of the tuyre ring and accompany the gases in whirling against those surfaces. The presence of the overhanging abutment 3 prevents the escape of the peripherally collected dust at the top of the tuyre ring andvery quicklythe dust is delivered downward and while still in a whirling condition encounters the annular discharge slot 8. At that point the whirling dust inds instant relief into the expansion space 8. That spaceand the cone being closed, the gases are not permitted to escape at the bottom of the tuyre and instead whirl toward the center and upward and' out through the opening 6 and the stack 2. Meantime, the accumulating dust drains away through the discharge pipe 11.

Most conveniently, the upper corner of the casing 5 comprises a drop door 12 swung from its upper edge and so arranged that it may also be .swung outward and upward to permit access to the interior of the casing. Butas a rule, it is only employed to open the stack directly to the outer atmosphere, that is, as a cut out for the dust catcher. Further there areetimes when the flame intensity in thestack 2 is so great as to make the use of this cut out desirable to prevent the burning of the tuyreblades.

1n dealing with very fine dusts of little there is always a tendency for them to be carried away by the moving gases. To obviate thisiendency l may add to the top of the tuyre ring a part which serves to intercept and discharge the fine dust. This part, see Figure 3, comprises the topcollecting ring or race 13 resting upon the top 14 of the casing. The ring is considerably larger than the interior of the tuyre and the dust particles on reaching the top of the tu'yre whirlinglyy expand in the race. They are discharged therefrom through the tangential nozzle 15. Conveniently, the down pipe 16 of the latter may join the dust dischargeo pipe/below the bottom cone 17 of the dust'catcher.

ln lieu of the conical bottom above described, I sometimes employ a bottom bowl 18, as shown-in Fig. 4. This bowl islso much larger than the tuya-re ring 19 as to recata? provide an expansion race 18", so that the elimination of the dust is ensured. The bowl is preferably characterized by a tangential dust outlet nozzle 20, and has a down pipe 21 that leads to a suitable closedpocket. llt 4will at once be obvious that where large stacks are to be served, it is both desirable and advantageous to surround the top of the stack with a plurality of the described dust catching units. Such arrangements are illustrated by the units 23, 24, in Figures 7 and 8. ,I

Similarly, a plurality of dust catching units, with great advantage, may be employed in connection with a. large main or horizontal conduit 25, as shown in Figure 6. The details of this structure are better represented by Figure 5, wherein it will be seen that the transversely extensive but vertically low rectangular casing 26 contains a plurality of the described dust collecting units 27. An especially advantageous adaptation of this invention to the tops of cupolas is represented in Figs. 9 and 10. A cupola stack comprises a thin metal shield 28 and a lining 29 of brick. It is of no great strength and if external supports are to be avoided the dust catching apparatus on top of the stack must be of minimum weight. To this end, I attach and virtually balance upon the top of the stack a light floor structure 30 which supports a correspondingly light top 31 and vertical Walls 32. Directly above the cupola stack the top 31 isinterrupted to receive the deflecting walls 33, which, it will be noted, ma comprise suitable drop doors or, if desire doors which open upwardly, as shown at `34. The overhanging parts 35 of the casing contain the four dust catching units 36, the construction of which will now be apparent. It remains only to state that the outlet openings 36 aggregate an area which preferably exceeds the cross sectional area of the cupola stack. The tuyre should have an area still greater in the aggregate. The tops of the dust catching unit may be e qu1pped with extension stacks such as 37; likewise they may be equipped with dust catching races after the manner illustrated inFigure 3.

This balanced cupolaltop or casing is held 1n -place by means of tie rods 38 extending from the bottom thereof to ,the lower part of the stack. Qbviously, light brackets between the lloor 30 and the vstack sides may take the place of the tie rods or cables 38.

' lt is believed that the structure represented in the several figures of the drawings, and in s uch forms as will' readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, will at once be accepted as a complete and commercially practical solution of a hitherto unsolved problem of intercepting and col-y lecting the annoying quantities of dust given 01T by large stacks. lt will also be found distinctly advantageous as a dust intercepting means for inclusion in horizontal air and gas mains.

When constructed of heavier parts, as required to resist heavier pressures, the invention is well adapted for employment with heavier uids.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The improvement herein described comprising a casing presenting a bottom, a top and sides, in combination with a tuyre ring comprising operatively overlapping substantially tangential blades, and opening through the top and bottom of said casing, a disc centrally positioned at the bottom of said ring and dust receiving means below said disc andy depending from the bottom of said casing.

2. The improvement herein described comprising a casing presenting a bottom, a top and sides, in combination with a tuyre ring comprising operatively overlapping substantially tangential blades, and opening through the top and bottom of said casing, and dust receiving means depending from the bottom of said casing and of greater `diameter than the lower end of said tuyre ring.

3; The improvement herein described comprising a stack in combination with a bracket like casing at the top thereof, a dust collecting` centrifugal tuyre rising vertically in the odset portion of said casing, and itself providing the gas exit therefrom.

call inthe offset portlon of said casing and itse f providing the gas exit therefrom, and

a cut out door in the portion of said casing above the stack.

5. The improvement herein described comprising a stack, in combination with a casing on the top and overhanging the sides thereof, a plurality of dust catching centrifugal tuyre units disposed vertically in the overhanging portions 'of the casing and each forming a gas exit therefrom, and each'said unit being characterized by respective dust receiving elements upon the exterior of said casing.

6. The herein described improvement comprising a barrel like tuy-re ring presenting a plurality of longitudinal slit-like tangential tuyres, a disk suspended below the ring, a race surrounding said disk and the lower end of said ring, and means for discharging the heavier substances from said race.

7. The herein described improvement comprising a barrel like tuyre ring resenting a plurality of longitudinal4 slit-li' e tangential tuyres, a disk suspended below the ring,

like casing at the top thereof, a dust cola race surrounding saiddisk and the lower f end of said ring, and means for discharging. the heavier substances from said race, and a collecting bottom depending from said race. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 30th day of April A. D. 1925.

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY.'

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