US1659398A

US1659398A - Process for cracking oil

Info

Publication number: US1659398A
Application number: US80689A
Authority: US
Inventors: Egloff Gustav; Harry P Benner
Original assignee: Universal Oil Products Co
Current assignee: Universal Oil Products Co
Priority date: 1926-01-11
Filing date: 1926-01-11
Publication date: 1928-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 1945-02-14

Description

Feb. 14, 1928.

G. EGLOFF ET Al.

PRocEss FOR CRAGKING OIL Original Filed Feb. 17. 1921 Mig@ i' llmatented heb, ld, 192%,

UNlTED STATES GUSTAV EGLOFF AND HARRY P. BENNER, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS TO 'UNI- VERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION Olli SOUTH DAKOTA.

Continuation of application Serial No. 445,819, filed February 17, 1921. This application filed January 1-1, 1926. Serial No. 80,689.

This application is a continuation of our co-pending application Serial No. 445,819, tiled February 17, 1921.

This invention relates to improvements in process for cracking oil and refers more particularly to the cracking of petroleum oil by heat and pressure, in which the speed ot' reaction of the cracking as well as the character ofthe reaction is facilitated by increasing the speed oit the hydrocarbon vapor as it passes through the expansion chamber, causing a substantial increase in rictional heat. This is accomplished in the apparatus by having the cross sectional area of the elongated vapor chamber gradually decreased. The active principle adopted is the slowing down of the velocity of the liquid as it passes into vapor in the expansion chamber by causing it to pass into a large dimensioned vessel, and then gradually increasing the velocity ot the vapors as they pass through the expansion chamber by narrowing' down the cross sectional area of the expansion chamber. 4As the hydrocarbon vapors pass through the constantly narrowing expansion chamber, there is a rictional heat generated which increases the rate ot reaction.

il; typical run of this process in the apparatus shown in the drawings would be to charge a 2l Baume gravity fuel oil from the l/Vayside Kansas field through heating tubes at the rate ot' 25 barrels an hour, the amount of oil being relative, of course, to the heatingarea and the velocity with which the vapors iu the expansion chamber are increased and also the dephlegmating area. Operating the plantat a pressure oi' 150 pounds per square inch and a liquid transiter temperature from the heating tubes ot 825 degrees F., barrels of tuel oil will be converted into 'l1/2 barrels of 58 degrees Baume gravity gasoline per operating hour.

ln the drawing, the single ligure is a View, partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, of our improved apparatus.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, 1 designates the turnace, having burner 2, stack 3, combustion chamber Ll. In the V furnace is mounted the heating coil-5 connected to Jfeed line 6 having throttle valve 7 to the feed pump 8. The lower or discharge end ot the coil is connected to transier line 9, having throttle valve l0. This transiter line t) connects to the upper part ot an ei;-

pansion chamber 11. This expansion chamber 11 is provided with manhole plates 12 and liquid draw-oil pipe 13 controlled by throttle valve 14:.

The delivery end of the expansion chamber is connected by vapor outlet 15 having throttle valve 16, which vapor outlet extends into the lower part of a. vertical dephlegmator 17, and is provided with the spaced cap member 18, the arrangement being such as to permit the vapors to pass freely into the dephlegmator but preventing the relux condensate from falling back into the expansion chamber. The dephlegmator is provided with batllcs 19 and a reflux drawotl' pipe 2() controlled by throttle valve 21 and leading back to the feed line 6. If desired, a check valve 22 may be interposed in the line 20. The upper end of the dephlegmator is connected by vapor pipe 23 having throttle valve 24 to condenser coil 25 seated in condenser box 26. The lower end of the coil is connected by pipe 27 and throttle valve 28 to the top of receiver 29. This receiver is provided with liquid level gauge 30, pressure gauge 31, liquid drawod pipe 32, controlled by throttle valve 33, and gas outlet pipe 34 controlled by throttle valve 35. l/Ve also provide the line 2() with ley-pass pipe 86 controlled by throttle valve 37 whereby the reflux condensate may be drawn oil' elsewhere or delivered to the inlet side ot' the pump, as for example, where differential pressures are maintained on various parts of the system. ln the illustrative run given, a uniform pressure was maintained throughout the system.

Referring back to the expansion chamber 11, it preferably takes the form of an elongated shell ot relatively large diameter at its inlet end as shown at a, and gradually tapering towards its discharge end at b. The arrangement is such that the speed of the vapors is increased as they pass through the expansion chamber for the purpose hereinbetore set forth.

We claim as our invention:

1. A continuous process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, consisting in raising the oil to a cracking temperature while advancing in a restricted stream through a heating zone, in delivering the highly heated oil to one end only otl an enlarged reaction zone, in gradually increasing the velocity of tlow of the evolved vapors from the inlet to said enlarged reaction zone to the outlet of said enlarged reaction zone to accelerate the rate of conversion, in passing the evolved va.

pors from said enlarged reaction zone to a dephlegmator wherein the insuiciently cracked vapors are condensed, in returning such condensed fractions to saidv stream of oil to be united therewith for retreatinent, in taking olf the uncondensed vapors `from said dephlegniator for condensation and collection, and in'maintaining a self generated superatmospheric vapor pressure on the oil undergoing conversion.

2. A continuous process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, consisting in initially raising the oil to a cracking temperature, in introducing the heated oil to one end only of an enlarged reaction zone, in` gradually accelerating the velocity of flow of the evolved vapors from the inlet to said enlarged reaction.

zone to the outlet from said enlarged reaction zone, in passing evolved vapors from said enlarged reaction zone to a dephlegmator wherein the -insufliciently cracked fractions of the vapors` are condensed forming reflux condensate in uniting such reiux condensate with the oil undergoing said initial heat treatment, in taking oil the uncondensed vapors from said dephlegmator for condensation and collection, in withdrawing unvaporized residual oil :from said enlarged reaction zone to be isolated from the system, and in maintaining a self generated superatmospheric vapor pressure on the oil undergoing conversion.

3. A continuous process for cracking hydr'ocarbon oil, consisting in heating the oil while passing through a coil disposed within a furnace, in delivering the oil to .one end only of an enlargedreaction zone wherein the vapors evolved from the oil initially flow at a relatively low velocity, and in then causing the velocity flow of the vapors to be graduall7 increased until they are discharged rom said enlarged reaction zone, in passing the vapors discharged from'said enlarged reaction zone to a dephlegmator wherein the insuiiciently cracked vapors are condensed, in passing the vapors uncondensed 1n the dephlegmator to a final condenser for condensation, 1n collecting the resulting distillate, and in maintaining a superatmospheric pressure on the oil undergoing conversion.

GUsTAv EGLorr. HARRY r. BENNER.