US1657779A

US1657779A - Pneumatic pipe-cleaning machine

Info

Publication number: US1657779A
Application number: US111495A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edwin P Bly
Original assignee: Standard Oil Company of California
Current assignee: Standard Oil Company of California
Priority date: 1926-05-25
Filing date: 1926-05-25
Publication date: 1928-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 1945-01-31

Description

Jn. 31, ma 1,651,779

. E. P. BLY

PNEUMATIC PIPE CLEANING MACHINE Filed Nay 25. 1926 8 Sheets-Sheet .2

5,0 11 Z 4f 18 8 1 Z 16' 3 16A w l 57 f vweno'o Edwzn Ply Um 31, zaza EP. Bw 1,651,719

PNEU'NATIC Px'PE CLEANING MACHINE Filed Hay 25, 192s i s sheets-sheet 5 Jan. 31, 192s. 1,657,779

E. F. BLY

PNEUMATICI PIPE CLEANING MACHINE Filed lay 25. 1925 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 atto/r nur) 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 gwuenko Ed wuz Fflg/ Filed llay l25. 1926 E P. BLY

PNEUuA'rIc PIPE CLEANING 'MACHINE Jan. 3l, 1928.

E. P. BLY

lYNI:"IJBLUIIC PIPE CLEANIG MACHINE Jan. 3l, 1928.

Filed may 25, 192e 8 lSheets--Shee'c 6 opg@ A wu EN nvenoz fdwm P. Bgy

.im- 192s.

E. P. BLY

INEUMATIG PIPE CLEANING MACHINE Filed Ilay 25. 1926 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 si w R E. P. BLY

PNEUIATIC PIPE CLEANING MACHINE Filed lay 25. 192e a sheets-sheet 8 3mm/:toc E dwin PBQ/ l mecum? Patented Jan. 31, 1928.

UNITEDI STATES PATENTS OFFICE.v

EDWIN P. BLY, vF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE AWGN- MENTS, TO STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, 0F SAN FRANCISCO, `CALI- FORNIA, A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE. i

.PNEUMATIC PIPE-CLEANING MACHINE. l

Application led May 25,

be applicable in various situations, in the present specification the invention is `described asembodied in a machine for chipping off scale formed by corrosion; Old protective coatings; and/or various objectionable incrustations, from pipes. However, the

invention can be applied in any situation where a number of tools are to be actuated and controlled in unison, and while in practice the tools may be actuated by any forni of energy, the invention is particularly applicable to the actuation and control of pneumatically operated tools.

The'gencral object of the invention 1s to provide means for vapplying a plurality of such tools to the work and for controlling the same in unison so as to enable them at will to operate upon the work and to be withdrawn at will from the work. In the operation of a tool such as a chipping tool which strikes a blow, the reaction of the work to tlie blow causes a recoil of the tool. One of the objects of the present invention is to rovide means for cushioning the recoil of t e tool and for maintaining the tool pressed against the work, that is to say in operative contact with the work. The invention contemplates the use of a plurality of holders respectively carrying the Working devices, such as chipping devices, and one of the objects is to provide simple means for conveying the operating fluid to the chipping devices and for controlling their position Within their holders.

A further object of the invention is to provide simple means for holding and controlling a working device, such as a chipping device, to enable it to be pressed by power against the work and to enable it to be Withdrawn and controlled in its operation at will.

In the preferred embodiment ofthe invention it includes a frame or carriage, carrying a plurality or gang of tools, constructed so as to facilitate setting the carriage over the work, and one of the objects of the invention is to provide an improved general constiuction for such a machine and to provide simple means for' facilitating the conducting of the operating fluid to the operating parts of 1926. -Serial No. 111,495. i

the machine. In such a machine, Where the operating devices are in the form of pneumatic chipping tools, the invention provides simple means for securing thev holders on the carriage by a common means or agency operating to insure anair-tight connection in the ducts which carry the compressed air or other operating iiuid to the working devices. The preferred embodiment of the inven- .tion involves the use of holders having cyllnders in which air guns are mounted to move toward or from the work, and one of the objects of the invention is to provide a' simple construction for mounting the air guns in the cylinders in such a way as to enable air pressure to be employed for holding the air guns pressed against the work, and

also to provide pneumatic means for effecting the withdrawal of the air guns from the work at will.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved means for excluding dust and dirt from the operating parts of the machine and to provide for lubrication of the-operating parts of the air guns. n

A 'further object of the invention is to provide an improved general construction for a machine of this type and to provide the same with an improved organization of valves with a simple controlling apparatus for the same.-

Further objects of the invention will appear hereinafter.

The inventionconsists in the novel parts and combination of arts to be described hereinafter, all of which contribute to produce an ellicient pneumatic pipe cleaning machine.` y

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in the following specification, While the broad scope of the invention is pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is adeveloped plan of a machine Figure 3 is a vertical section taken about on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, but upon an enlarged scale.

Figure 11 is a horizontal cross section taken about on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, but showing only the outline of the gun.

Figure 5 is a side elevation of one of the air guns removed from its holder.

Figure 6 is a bottom plan of the air gun shown in Fig. 5.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view indicating the general arrangement of the apparatus, and particularly illustrating the pneumatic system and the valves and other appa ratus for controlling its operation. This ligure shows the valves in the position which they have while the chipping devices are in operation.

F ivure 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 but showing the valves in an opposite position, that is to say, the valves are shown in the relation which they have when the chipping tools are not in operation but are withdrawn from the work.

Figure 9 is a side elevation of the machine, indicating the position of the casing to which it is applied. This view shows the carriage with the holders removed, but indicates one of the holders in position on the carriage. This view also illustrates the piping arrangement with the control valves and indicates the course of the air flowing through the pipe system.

Figure 10 is a detail view and is a vertical section particularly illustrating the course of the air in flowing through the sylphons which secure the holders on the carriage.

Figure 1l is a plan of the piping and valve apparatus illustrated in Fig. 9, but upon a somewhat enlarged scale.

Figure 12 is an end elevation of the upper part of the machine, that is to say, it represents the valves and piping arrangement ot Fig. 9, viewed from the right hand end of the machine.

Figure 13 is a vertical section through a relief valve which may be employed in the apparatus which controls the pneumatic means for holding the chipping devices against the work.

Referring especially to Figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment of the invention I provide a carriage 1 which is in the form ot a curved plate or saddle of half-round form which may be set over the work, for example, a pipe-casing or tubing Q which is to be cleaned. On this carriage I mount a plurality or gang of working devices, which in thc present instance are chipping devices for chipping off scale, old protective coverings, and/or various objectionable incrustations from the outer surface of pipes. These chipping devices are preferabl in the form of air guns 3 (see Figs. 3 an 5), each air gun being mounted in a holder 4. These holders are mounted in transverse rows on the carriage and each holder preferably1 comprises a base 5 and a body 6 in the form of a cylinder, which, if desired, may be provided with a liner or bushing 7 in which the air gun 3 fits neatly.

The interior of the air guns 3 may be of any of the well known constructions which enable the same to reciprocate a chipping tool 8 which projects from the lower or inner end of the air gun, the operating fluid under pressure, such as compressed air, being admitted to the yinterior of the gun through admission ports 9 (see Fig. 3). In order to hold and guide the inner end of the air gun, the inner end of the cylinder 6 is mounted in a corresponding opening 1() in the carriage 1. T he openings 10 are preferably arranged in rows (see Fig. 9) and the openings in adjacent transverse rows are staggered with relation to each other. In order to provide for delivering compressed air to the admission ports 9 and also to provide means for yieldingly pressing the air guns toward the work to maintain the chipping tools 8 in operative contact with the work, I prefer to construct the bodies of the air guns of piston form and provide them with two piston heads 11 and 12 which may be provided with piston rings 13 which make them substantially airtight when the air gun slides to and fro in the bushing or liner 7. Between the heads 11 and 1:2, the air gun body is formed with a waist 11 of reduced diameter and in this waist the admission ports 9 are formed.

Each holder base 5 is provided with a cross duct 15 and a vertical duct 16 communicating with it, and this vertical duct passes up through a horizontal seat 17 on the upper face of the base. This duct 16 com- 'municates with an admission port or duct 18 which extends horizontally from the side ot' the cylinder 6 and is in communication with a port 19 in the liner 7. This enables compressed air to flow in through the port 19 into the annular space in the cylinder surrounding the waist 14. The waist 14 is longer than the port 19 so that. during any movements of the air gun longitudinally in the barrel, communication with the admission ports 9 is always maintained.

At the other side of cach holder base a cross duct Q0 is provided similar to the duct 15, and this duct comnmnicates with a vertical duct or passage 21 which also passes through thc seat 17 on the other .side ot the cylinder. (ln that sid(` the cylinder (5 is provided with a port to comnnmir-ate with the port 21 through thc seat. and this port 2:2 extends radially inward toward the axis of the cylinder and comnmnicates with a longitudinal admission port or passage 225 which is formed in the wall of the cylinder 6 on the outer side ot the liner 7. This port arrangement enables compressed air to be delivered into an air chamber 24 which is formed in the outer end of the cylinder. that is to say, I provide an air chamber located in such a way that the pressure of the compressed air in it will force the air gun toward the work. The outer end of the cylinder 6 may be closed by a removable screw cap 25. i

The holder bases 5 may be provided with feet 26 which may be secured to the carriage .1 by suitable machine screws 27.

It will kbe evident that the construction described enables driving air for the air guns to be delivered to the admission ports 9. It alsol enables holding on air to be delivered to the air chambers 24 to hold the air guns against the work, that is to say, to force the air guns yieldingly inwardly to hold the chipping tools 8 in operative contact with the casing beingcleaned.

Of course, if desired, any suitable means, such as bolts and nuts, could be provided for clamping the cylinders or barrels G on the bases 5. However, in order to render the air guns easily accessible without the necessity for detaching bolts or nuts, I prefer to provide pneumatic means for pressing the barrels down onto their seats 5. In order to accomplish this I prefer to provide each barrel 6 with a pair of oppositely projecting feet 28.` The Afoot at one side carries the port 18 and the foot at the other side carries the port 22. The seat 17 is counterbored or undercut at each side so as to receive a removable gasket 29. W'hen the cylinders are pressed down on the seats, these gaskets 29 are compressed and enable an air-tight connection to be made between the ports in the bases and in the cylinders.

Over the seats 17, two extensions 0r

arms

30 and 31 are provided. These arms are formed integrally wit-h the bases 5 and are oppositely located (see Figs. 2 and 3) so as to enable the barrels 6 to be rotated on their longitudinal axes so as to bring the feet 28 into position under the

arms

30, 31. In Fig. 1 the mode of operation of setting the cylinders in position is illustrated by the dotted lines at the lower right-hand portion of the figure. On these

extensions

30 and 3 pneumatic` devices, such as sylphons 32, are respectively mounted, each sylphon being enclosed in a suitable housing or cup 33. The upper end of cach sylphon is formed by a. head having a tubular neck 34- which projects through the end of the housing 33 to connect with an air connection 35; rl`he lower head 36 of each sylphou has an elongated neck 37 which extends down through a guide opening38 in the lower end otthe housing, the arrangement being such that when compressed air is admitted to the sylphon. the sylphon extends itself in a downward direction and presses the lower end of the neck 37 against the upper side of the foot 28. In this way, the air pressure may be utilized to clamp the cylinders onto their bases.

The air guns may be introduced into the cylinders or barrels 6 trom the inner ends of the barrels and are held v1n the barrels by any suitable means attached to the inner ends of the barrels which project through the openings 10. In the present instance I provide a screw cap or collar 39 (see Fig. v

inner end ofthe barrel (sce Figs. 4 and 6). K

The 'air gun is provided with exhaust ports indicated by the dotted lines 43 which permit the air to pass outwardly, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3, and this exhaust air passes down through the interior of the body and passes out around the. tool 8. In this way the exhaust air is directed as a blast passing out through the cap 3i) and this blows out the chips and prevents them from iinding a way up into the work.- ing parts of the air gun.

I shall now describe the general arrangement of the air pipe'system for conducting the air to the holders-for the chipping devices, but before doing so it will facilitate the disclosure to refer to Figs. 7 and 8, which indicate diagrammatically the arrangement of the apparatus. Compressed air from a hose is admitted to the pipe system at the point 44, where it pases into a T-connection 45. From the T-45 a branch 46 passes to a main valve M which is in the form of a tout14 way cock. When the air guns are Operating, this founway cock M is open so as to conneet the branch 46 with a duct or pipe line 47 which connects to a header pipe 48 with lateral connectionsl 49 which lead the air to the cross ducts 15in the bases 5, and this is the air which drives the air guns by passing into their admission ports 9 (see Fig. 3).

The T-connection 45 connects with another branch pipe 50 which connects to a header pipe 51 with branch headers 52 with lateral connections 53 which carry air to the sylphons 32. y

The holding on air which is supplied to the air chambers 24 should be at a substantially constant pressure and for this purpose, I provide a receiver 54. In the open position of the valve M, air from this receiver flows through the pipe 55 and through the valve M to a pipe 56 which connects 'with a down-pipe 56'l and to a header pipe 57 with lateral branches 58 which carry the holding on air to the cross ports 2O iii the holder bases. t. I

From the T-45, a branch pipe 59 extends over to an exhauster valve E which is in the form of a -four-way cock, and this branch pipe 59 is connected through a receiver valve R with the pipe to the receiver 54. When the main valve M is open, as indicated in Fig. 7, the exhauster valve E and the receiver valve R are both closed. Connected to the pipe 47, I provide a vent valve V which is simply a valve which, in its open position, enables the interior of the pipe 47 to communicate with the atmosphere. I prefer to connect the valves M, V, R and E so that they are all controlled in unison by a single lever, and in such a way that when the valve M is closed` as indicated in Fig. 8, all of the other valves will be open, and vice Versa.4 The exhauster valve E has a special function and enables me to admit compressed air to an exhauster device 60 from the pipe 59 to develop a partial vacuum at will in the air chambers 24, the eiiect of which will be to withdraw the air guns from the work. In order to accomplish this, I provide a pipe 61 leading from the pipe 56, and the fiow of air through this pipe 61 is directed through the exhauster valve E and through a pipe 62 to the exhaust chamber 63 of the exhauster device 60. The exhauster valve E also controls ow through the pipe 59 and the pipe 64 so that when the valve E is open, compressed air can be delivered through the high pressure nozzle 65 of the exhauster device. In other Words, when the valve M is closed, as indicated in Fig. 8, compressed air admitted at the point 44 flows through the pipe 59 and through the valve E to the high pressure nozzle 65, creating a suction in the pipe 61 and the pipe 56 which withdraws the holding on air from the air chambers 24. Furthermore, in this position of the valves, the valve V is open to the atmosphere so as to permit exhaust of the air in the air chest of the air guns around the waist 14. This prevents escape of the air into the air chambers 24 in such a way as might interfere with the etliciency of the evacuation of the air from the air chambers. Furthermore, while the valve I is closed, the receiver valve R is open so tiat when the exhauster device 60 is operating, the receiver 54 will be rccharged with compressed air.

In order to simplify the piping arrangement, the pipe 48 which supplies driving air to drive the air guns extends along one side of the carriage l, and the air guns are placed in transverse rows with a staggered relation with respect to each other, and the holders in two adjacent rows are in a reversed arrangement with respect to each other, for example, in the extreme right-hand row of holders, as shown in Fig. l, the branch pipe 49 which connects the ducts 15 to supply driving air to the 'guns is located on the right-hand side, while in the next row to the left, the corresponding air pipe 49 is on the left of the row of holders. This enables an alternate arrangement of branch pipes to be used, that is to say, the branch pipes projecting in from one of the air pipes 48 alternate with the branch pipes 58 which extend in from the opposite air pipe 57. It will be noted that in the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, the branch pipes. 58 connect the holding on air ducts 2O in succession. In the diagrams, each one of the holders 4 therefore corresponds to one of the transverse rows in the actual arrangement of the holders.

In order to enable the carriage to be set over the work and moved along the same, the carriage is provided with a air of wheels 66 at each end, which roll a ong on the upper side of the casing, and in order to facilitate moving the carriage along, it is provided at one end witlrtwo upwardly extending

handles

67 and 68. The controlling valves and the levers for controlling the same are preferably supported between these

handles

67 and 68 in a convenient position to be reached by the operator of the machine. l

Referring to Fig. 12, the air hose 44 is attached to one side of the T-connection 45 and from the T compressed air passes downwardly through a short connection 45 to a second T 45", from which the pipe 5() extends over to the right side of the machine and terminates in a riser pipe 50 connecting to a sylphon valve S which connects with the pipe 5l that supplies compressed air to the sylphons and from which the branch pipes 52 carry the airto the individual sylphons. This pipe 51 extends down the right-hand handle 68 (see Figs. l and l2).

From the T 45b the pipe 59 extends upwardly and passes through a T-connection 59a, beyond which there is an elbow connection 59b leading into the receiver 54 (see Fig. 11). From the T-connection 59, the short pipe connection 55 connects the receiver to the valve M. The valve M is mounted in a horizontal cross pipe or brace 69, the right-hand end of which is tubular and constitutes the branch pipe 56 of the diagram, which leads from this valve and includes a connection leading to the right in Fig. 11, and extending down the right hand handle 68 (sce Fig. 12), the lower end of this pipe 56 connecting with the header pipe 57 already described.

The air to supply the exhauster device 6i', passes to the valve E through a pipe connection 70 at the rear of the T 45 (see Fig. 9). and passes through a special valve Tl before it reaches the exhauster valve E. From the valve E the high pressure air is conducted toward the left and through the high pressure nozzle 65 of the exhauster 60. From the pipe 56, already referred to, the branch pipel 6l leads to the valve E from which there is a short return bend pipe 62 which leads to the exhaust chamber of the exhaustei 63 (see Fig. 11). In the diagrams of Figs. 7 and 8, dotted lines U are employed to indicate that the valves E, R, M and V are all operated in unison. In order to accomplish this I provide the main valve M with a lever 72 which extends across the axis of the valve M, the forward end of this lever being connected by a link 7 3 with the handle 74 of the valve E.

In addition to this the curved link 75 is provided, attached to the lever 72 near its handle, and this curved link is attached to the lever 76 of the receiver valve R. In addition to this, there is another link 77 which connects the lever 72 with the handle 78 of the vent valve V.

In order to control the pressure of air in the receiver and maintain it at any pressure desired, the pipes 58 which carry the' holding on7 air to the air chambers 24 are connected by a suitable pipe connection 58a to relief valves 79 and 80, the former of which is mounted on the left end of the machine as viewed in Fig. 9, and the latter ot' which is mounted on the right-hand end of the machine. The relief valve 80 with its T-connection 81 is illustrated in Fig. 18. The stem 81f1 of this valve is smaller than the guide opening 82 through the lower head of the relief valve so that air flowing in through the inlet connection 88 ot the T 81 flows up into the interior of a sylphon 84 within the valve body. The upper end of this sylphon 84 is provided with a head 85 with a tubular neck 86 to receive a coil spring 87 which presses down on the head and normally holds the valve plug 88 on its seat. If the air pressure within the sylphon 84. should rise beyond a predetermined point, the spring 87 will be compressed and the plug 88 will lift oil its seat and permit the air to escape through the tubular mounting 89 for the valve which is secured on an inclined face 90 of a ,bracket 91. At thev base of this standard or fitting 89, ports 92 are provided through which the air escapes.

A similar or corresponding arrangement is used for mounting the valve 79 at the other end. (See Fig. 9).

The air which passes to the pipe 48 passes down the left-hand handle 67, the lower poi'- tion ot which'is tubular so as to enable it to act as a duct for this air. The lower end ot' this handle connects to the end ot' the pipe 48 (see Fig. 9).

At a suitable point on the tubular portion of the handle 67, the lubricator 93 is provided, by means of which oil may be introduced into the air which goes into the holders to drive the air guns. This oil is carried in by the compressed air, and lubricates the mechanism on the interior ot the air guns and also, as thev air exhausts.'lubricates the inner face of the wall of the barrel or cylin- ,around the Waists 12 of the air guns.

der. If desired, a similar lubricator can be used on any of the other air lines for the same general purpose. At the left end of

l

67 and 68 he can move the carriage 1 of the machine along the casing 2. By placing the hand lever 72 in a position to open the main valve M, the air will be admitted through the hose 44, T 45 and through the valve M and connections, as indicated by the full line arrows in Fig. 12, so as to ermit the air to pass down the left hand tu ular handles 67 land connect with the pipe 47 and the header pipe 48 which supplies the branch pipes 49 with air; these branch pipes 49 sup ly the driving air to the air chests of the olders This air enters the 'admission ports 9 of the air guns and reciprocates the chipping tools 8. Vhen the air exhausts from the air guns, it

passes down through the ports 43 and outwardly through the end of the gun past the chipping tool 8 and through the annular cap 39. This blast of exhaust air blows the chips out of the end of theL cylinder and prevents them or dirt passing up into the interior of the guns.

The holding on air asses from the receiver 54 through the pipe connections 59", 59El and 55, through the valve-M and thence through the pipe 56, as indicated by the arrows inV Fig. ll; this air passes down along the right-hand handles 68, its lowerend being connected to the ,pipe 57 which serves the lateral branch pipes 58 which connect with the ducts 20 to supply holding on77 air to the air chambers 24. The relief valves 79 maintain this air at the desired pressure.

Then it is' desired to Withdraw all of the tools from the work, the lever 72 of the main valve is operated so as to throw the valve M to its closed position indicated in the diagram of Fig. 8. Throwing the lever into this position opens the other interconnected valves, namely, the vent valve V, the receiver valve R and the exhauster valve E. This cuts ofi' the connection of the receiver to the air chambers 24 and opens the receiver valve R so as to permitair in the pipe connection 59 tovlow into the receiver. When the eX- hauster valve E is open, it. connects the pipe 61 (see Fig.. 11), (which connects with t-he pipe 56), to the exhaust chamber 63 of the exhauster through the pipe 62. This position of the valve E also permits high pressure air from the line 59 to flow through the high pressure nozzle 65 and this produces a partial vacuum in the pipe connections 56 which withdraws the air from the'air chambers 24. The atmospheric air pressure at the lower ends of the air guns then forces them up into the upper ends of the cylinders and in this way withdraws the tools from the casin or from the work,

The cy inders of the holders are all held down on their bases by air supplied through the i e 51 and through the sylphon valve S. e air in these

pipe lines

50 and 51 is not controlled by the valve M but when it is desired to remove any c linder 6 from its base, the sylphon valve should be closed.

In the operation of the chipping devices, as each blow is struck by atool, the body of the air of course recoils and moves up or outwarluyp in its holder, thereby compressing the air in the air chamber 24. This air of course acts as an air cushion and, being compressed by the recoil, exerts the higher pressure developed by its compression to force the body of the air gun back toward the casing. In this Way, these air chambers operate as air cushions for yieldingly pressing the chipping devices toward the work, as well as performing the function of enabling the air guns to be withdrawn from the casing at wil and in unison through the operation of a single lever The term carriage as used in this speciication and claims means a frame of suitable construct-ion for carrying the pneumatically operated tools and this term is not restricted in its meaning to a movable carriage.

It is understood that the embodiment of the invention described herein is only one of the many embodiments this invention may take, and I do not wish to be limited in the practice of the invention, nor in the claims, to the particular embodiment set forth.

What I claim is:

1. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage to lie over the work, a plurality of holders with cylindrical interiors mounted on the carriage, a lurality of chipping devices having cylinders with Huid-actuated pistons held in the holders, and means for controlling in unison the distance of the chipping devices from the work.

'2. In apparatus of the kind described, the combinatlon of a holder, a chipping-device mounted in the holder to move toward and from the work and having a reciprocating chipping tool moving to and fro on the longitudinal axis of the holder said holder having an air chamber operating to take the recoil of the chipping device when the tool strikes the work.

3. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder, a chipping-device mounted in the holder to move toward and from the work and carrying a chipping tool to engage the work, said holder having an air chamber for carrying compressed air, operating to press the chipping-device against the work and to take the recoil of the chi ping-device when the tool strikes the worlk.

4, In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder, a pneumatic chipping device mounted to move in the holder to and from the work, means for supplying compressed air to the chipping device to actuate the same, and means for introducing a lubricant into the compressed air before it flowsinto the chipping-device.

5. In apparatus of thc kind described, the combination of a carriage to lie over the work, a gang of pneumatic chipping devices mounted thereon, means for yieldingly pressing the chipping devices toward the work, and means for supplying operating fluid to the chipping devices.

6. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage to lie over the work, a gang of chipping devices mounted thereon, pneumatic means for yieldingly pressing the chipping devices toward the work, and means for supplying operating fluid to the chipping devices to aetuate them.

7. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage to lie over the work, a gang of chipping devices mounted thereon, pneumatic means for yieldingly pressing the chipping devices toward the work, means for supplying operating fluid to the chipping devices to actuate them. and pneumatic controllinnr means for withdrawing the chipping devices from the work.

8. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage to lie over the work, a gang of chipping devices with chipping tools mounted on the carriage, said devices having pneumatic chambers respectively for holding the chipping devices with the tools pressed against the work, means for supplying fluid under pressure lo thc said chambers, and means` for inducing a partial vacuum in the chambers at will to withdraw the chipping devices from the work.

9. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a gang of chipping devices mounted thereon, means for yieldingly pressing the chipping devices to hold them against the work, and pneumatic means operatable at will for withdrawing the chipping devices from the work.

l0. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a gang of chipping devices mounted thereon and having pneumatic chambers respectively for controlling the chipping devices, and means for inducing a partial vacuum in the pneumatic chambers to efi'ect the withdrawal of the chipping devices from the work.

11. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a gang of holders mounted thereon, a plurality of chipping devices carried in the holders,

means for yieldingly pressing the chipping devices toward the Work, and means controlled at will to Withdraw the chipping devices froni the work. y

12. In apparatusof the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted on the carriage, a plurality of pneumatic chipping devices mounted in the holders, means controllable at will for holding the chipping devices pressed toward the Work, and means controlled at Will for effecting the withdrawal of the chipping devices from the Work. p

13. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, of holders mounted thereon, said holders having cylinders res ectively, chipping devices in the form o 'air-guns mounted respectively in said cylinders and movable therein toward and from the Work, and means controllable at will for withdrawing the air guns from the Work. ,f

14. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted thereon, said holders including cylinders respectively, chipping devices in the form of air-guns mounted in the cylinders respectively and carrying chipping tools, said cylinders having chambers respectively back of the air-guns, means for supplying Huid under pressure to the chambers to hold the chipping tools on the Work, means for supplying operating fluid to the air-guns to actuate them, and means controllable at will to induce a partial vacuum in the chambers to withdraw the air guns from the Work.

15. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted thereon, said holders including bases with seats and bodies removably mounted on the seats, pneumatic chipping devices carried respectively in the bodies, said bases and bodies haviner ducts passing through the seats for supplying operating fluid to the chipping devices, and means for clamping the bodies on the seats.

16. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted thereon, said holders including bases with seats and bodies removably mounted on the seats, pneumatic chipping devices carried respectively in the bodies, said bases and bodies having ducts passing through the seats for supplying operating fluid to the chipping devices, pneumatic means associated With the holders for clamping the bodies on the seats, and means for controlling the chipping devices in unison.

17. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination o a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted thereon, said holders including bases with seats and bodies removably mounted on' the seats, pneumatic chipping devices carried respectively in the a plurality bodies, said bases and bodies having ducts passing through the seats for supplying operating fluid to lthe chipping devices, sylphons associated With theholders f'or forcing the bodies onto the seats, and means f'glr controlling the operation of said sylons. p 18. In apparati` of the kind described, the combination o a carriage, a plurality of' holders mounted thereon, said holders including bases with seats and bodies reinovably mounted on .the seats, pneumatic chipping devices carried respectively in the bodies, said bases and bodies having ducts passinr through the seats for supplying oper-- ating ,fluid to the chipping devices, said bases having extensions projecting over the seats, sylphons associated -With the holders for forcing the bodies onto the seats, and pneumatic means for controlling the operation of' said sylphons.

19. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination o'l a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted thereon, said holders including bases vyith seats and bodies removable f'rom saidbases, said bases having arms extending over said seats and said bodies having feet projecting under said arms and resting on said seats, said holders having ducts passing up from the bases through said seats into the bodies, and pneumatic devices carried by the arms for pressing the same down onto the seats.

20. In apparatus of the' kind described,

the combination of a carriage having an ope/ning therein, a holder including a base secured to the carriage, a body projecting through said opening, a pneumatic chipping device carried in the body, and means for supplying operating Huid-under pressure to the chipping device.

21. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder, a pneumatic chipping device mounted in the holder, said holder having a chamber at one end of the chipping device, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said chamber tc hold the chipping device against the Work, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to the chipping device .to actuate the same.

22. In apparatus oiV the kind described, the combination of a holder includinga cylinder, a chipping-device guided in the cylinder to move toward and from the Work, said cylinder having a chamber at the end remote from the work, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said chamber to press the chipping device toward-the Work, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to the chipping device to actuate the same.

23. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder including a cylinder, a chipping device having a casing in the form of a piston guided in said cylinder and having two separated heads with a Waist between the same, said Waist having admission ports for supplying operating fluid to the chipping device to actuate the same, said holder having ports for supplying operating fluid to the last named ports, said cylinder having a chamber at the outer end thereof, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said chamber to press the chipping device toward the Work, and means for inducing a partial vacuum at will in the chamber to Withdraw the chipping device from the Work.

24. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a holder yineludiiig a base secured to the carriage and a cylinder mounted on the base and capable of being rotated on its longitudinal axis when seated on the base, said base having seats thereon and said cylinder having feet, said seats and said feet having passages which may communicate to conduct operating fluid into the cylinder, said base having extensions projecting over said seats and cooperating with the cylinder to enable the feet to. be moved onto the seats by rotation of the cylinder on its longitudinal axis, and pneumatic means carried by the extensions over the seats for pressing the feet down onto the seats.

25. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder including a cylinder, a chipping-device guided in the cylinder to move toward and from the work, said cylinder having a chamber at the end remote from the work, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said chamber to press the chipping device toward the work, and means for holding the chipping device against rotation in the cylinder. t

Q6. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage having an opening therein, a holder including a base secured to the carriage and a c linder seating on'the base and projecting tiroiigli said opening, an air-gun mounted in the cylinder and carrying a chipping tool at its inner end, means for supplying operating fluid to the air-gun, and means at the inner end of the cylinder for retaining the air gun within thc same.

27. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage having an opening therein, a holder including a base secured to the carriage and a cylinder mounted on the base and projecting through the opening, an air-gun received in the cylinder from its lower end, means secured to the inner end of the cylinder to retain the air gun, and means for supplying air under pressure to the air-gun through said base and cylinder.

28. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a plurality of holders, chipping devices mounted in the holders, said holders having air chambers to receive air under pressure to press the chipping devices against the Work, a receiver with means connecting the same to the chambers to supply them with compressed air, means for opening and cutting off communication from the receiver to the chambers, and means for exhausting the air from the chambers to withdraw the chipping devices from the work.

29. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder having a cylinder, a chipping device with a piston-form body mounted in the cylinder, said cylinder having an air chamber at the outer end of the chipping device, a receiver for compressed air with means connecting the same with the air-chamber to hold the chipping device against the work, means for opening and cutting off communication from the receiver to the chamber, means for exhausting the air from the chamber to Withdraw the chipping device from the Work, and means for charging the receiver while connection from it to the chamber is cut off.

30. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder including a cylinder, a chipping device in the form of a piston mounted in said cylinder, said cylinder havfing an air-chamber at the outer end of the chipping device to press the same against the Work, a receiver with connections for conducting compressed air from it to the said chamber, means for opening and cuttinfy off communication between the receiver an the air-cliamber, an exhauster device operated by compressed-air and connected with the chamber for producing a partial vacuum therein when the communication with the receiver is cut oil", and means for effecting the recharging of the receiver with compressed air.

31. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a plurality of pneumatic chipping devices with air-chambers back of them for holding them against the work, a receiver for compressed air, means including a valve for admitting compressed air from the receiver to the air chambers, a second valve operated in unison with the first named valve for admitting compressed air to the receiver when the first named valve cuts off communication between the receiver and the air-chambers, and an exhaust device opeiating to produce a partial vacuum in the air chambers to withdraw the chipping devices from the work when the receiver is eutoil1 from communication with the same.

32. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a plurality of holders having cylinders, a plurality of chippingdevices having iston-bodics mounted in said cylinders with a pressure chamber at the end of each cylinder remote from the work, a receiver for compressed air, an air pipe for conducting compressed air to said chipping devices for actuating the saine, an air pipe for conducting air to said pressure lUll the to hold said chipdevices against the work, and a valve rough which the air may ow from said receiver to the said air chambers for holdin al. devices aguinst'the work an themair flows for-operating .iid Y PPK divisas.

l laid linderaw ,PM GRI N same, van air Pil. HHM-M; to said reure chambers from the'reoeiver to hed said chipping devices v' the work, and a valvethrough w the air may iow from ll'lailcilnxleeeivler tlf;1 the 'gil air chambers vfpr o' tec" evicea insttie work and throup w 'ch the airgtilows `for opent' said 'pping devices, and a receiverve with moana for moving the same in unison with `the first named valve for recharng the receiver.

apparatus of the kind described,

the combination of a plurality of holders having cylinders, a plurali of chippingdevices havin pieton-form dies received v in the cyhn ers respectively with an air chamber 1n the outer end of the cylinder, an air pipe connecting the cylinders to supply compressed air to the chipp'mg devices to actuate the same,a n air-pipe aonnected with the air chamberato hold the chip ingdevice's a inst the work, valvelmeans or shutting o the flow of air from bot-h of said ipes, and automatic means for exhausting t e air from the'second pi and the air chambers to vvrithdraw 4the chippingdevioes from the wor i 35. In apparatus o'f thekind described, the combination of a plurality of holders having cylinders, a ElEaIity of chipping devices having piston- 'es received in sai c linders res e outer en ofthe lindelfs for hplding thechipping-devlcel against @the wbrk, a-r

co tened an' supply pipe havin a branch for endingl air to the chipping evices for actuating t e same and hav1n ing air to the air chambers or holding the chipping devices against the work, and a valve for controlling the flow of air through ,saidy branches. p

36. In apparatus of the' kind described, the combination of a plurality of holders having cylinders, a lurality of chippino devices having pistondies received in sai c linders res ively, with air chambers at t e outer en s of the cylinders for holding the chipping-devices against the work, a. compressed air supply pipe having a branch tively, with air chambers at a branch leadfor leading1 air `to the chipping detce actuatingt e same and' havin a branch lead*y in air to the air chambers olf-holding the chipping devices against the work, and a valve for controlling the flow of air throat h said branches, an air o rated exhlpst ,es vice connected with the ranch pipe leading to the air chambers with a valve, and means for controlling the saine in unison with the fast named valve-to exhaust the ai? imm the pressure chambers and withdraw the chi ping devices from the work. 'p

32. apparatus yof the kind described,.the combination" of a lurality of holders includingcylinderg' a p urality of chipping-devices having Pisten-bodies mounted 1n seid sylind'ers respectively, with an air chamber," at the ,end o each cylinder remote the work, a main valve with a ort for compressed air to the inders to actuate c the chipping-devices andy a port for admitl tin compressed air to the air chambers to hol the chipping devices against the work, y-a receiver for compressed air with a receiver valve, said valve operati; in its o n posi-r` tion to supply compre air tot e cylinders for operating the chip ing devices and also operatin to connect t e Vreceiver with the air cham rs, and means for operating the two valves in unison so that when the first named valve is closed, the receiver valve is open and operates to effect a recharging of the receiver.`

3,8. Inapparatus of the kindfde'scribed, the combination of a plurality of holders having cylinders, a plurality of chippingV devices with piston-bodies received res ectively in the cylinders with an air cham r in each cylinder at the end thereof remote fromthe work, an air supply pipe, a receiver with its valve, a main valve operat'm in its open position to connect the air supp ypipe with the c linders for'supplying air to actuate the c ipping devices and a so operating to con-l nect the receiver with the pressure chambers `to hold the chipping devices against the work, an exhauster device o erated by `comressed air, an exhauster va ve operating in ltsopen position to admit Vcompressed air to the exhausterdevice `and to 'b en communication from the erhauster evice to the air chambers for withdrawing air therefrom to, withdraw the chipping devices from the work, and means for operating the main valve, the receiver valve and the exhauster l valve in unison. Y

39,. In apparatus of the kinc. described, the combination of a holder including a cylinder, chipping devices ided in the' `cylinder to move toward and rom the work, said cylinder having an air chamber at the ,end remote from the work, an lair duct for sup lying air under pressure to the air cham" r to press the chip ing devices toward Ithe work,

`a second airuct `for supplying pres a chipping-device having a casing in the form of a piston guided in sa'd cylinder and having two sepaiatedlicad with a waist between them, said waist having admission poi'tsfor supplying compressed air to the chipping-device to actuate the same, said cylinder having an air-chamber in the end Ithereof remote from the work to press the chipping device against the work, means for exhausting the air from the air-chamber at will to withdraw the chipping device from the work, and means for venting the interior of said cylinder in the vicinity of said waist to prevent leakage of air into the air-cham- 41. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder, a pneumatic chipping device mounted in the holder and carrying a chipping tool at its inner end to `engage the work, means for supplying air to the-holder to operate the chipping device, means for directing the discharged air from the chipping device outwardly ast the tool to prevent chips from the too passing up into the holder.

42. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a holder having a cylinder, an air-gun mounted in the cylinder and carrying a chipping tool at its inner end to engage the work, means for supplying compressed air to the cylinder to actuate the airgun, a collar for retaining the air-gun in the cylinder and means for directing the dis charged air from the air-gun downwardly through the lower end of the cylinder and past the tool to prevent chips from the tool passing into the cylinder.

43. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted on the carriage including bases and cylinders seating on the bases respectively, air-guns mounted in the cylinders and carrying chipping tools to engage the work, said bases and cylinders having ducts formed therein for conducting compressed air to the air-guns to actuate the same and also having ducts formed therein for conductin holding-on air into the cylinders to hold the chipping devices against the work pneumatic clam ingdevices for securing the cylinders on t eir bases, and valves for controlling flow of air through said ducts and to said pneumatic clamping devices.

44. In apparatus of the kind described, the, combination of a carriage, a plurality of holders mounted on the carriage including bases and cylinders seating on the bases respectively, air-guns mounted in the cylinders and carrying chipping tools to engage the work, said bases and cylinders having ducts formed therein for conducting compressed air to the air-guns to actuate the same and also having ducts formed therein for conducting holding-on air into the cylinders to hold the chipping devices against the work. pneumatic clamping devices for securing the cylinders on their bases, and valves for controlling iow of air through said ducts and to said pneumatic clamping devices, and an air-operated exhaust device with a valve for controlling the same enabling the holding on air to be exhausted to effect the withdrawal of the chipping devices from the work.

45. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage capable of being set over the work, a plurality of fluid controlled chipping devices mounted on the carriage, handle means attached to the carriage for controlling the same, said chipping devices having means for withdrawing the saine from the work at will, and controlling levers for the chipping devices mounted near the handle means.

46. In apparatus ofthe kind described, the combination of a carriage capable of being set over the work, a plurality of pneumatic chip ing-devices mounted on the carriage, han le-means attached to the carriage and extending upwardly therefrom, valves with control-levers sup orted adjacent the upper part of said han le-means, and means for conducting the air from the valves down said handle means to the chipping devices for controlling their operation.

47. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination of a carriage capable of being set over the work, a plurality of holders mounted on the carriage, a pluralityof chi ping devices mounted respectively in t e holders, said holders having air-chambers for holding the chippin devices againt the work and having ports or directing air into the holders for actuating the chipping-devices, an air pipe extending along one side of the carriage and connected with the last named ports to supply operating air for the chipping devices, an air pipe extending along the other side of the carriage and connected with the said air-chambers, and valves for controlling the flow of air into the said pipes. 1

48. In apparatus ofthe kind described, the combination of a carriage capable of being set over the work, a plurality of holders mounted pn the carriage, a plurality of pneumatic chipping-devices held in the holders respectively, a pair of handles extending upwardly from the carriage, said holders havingair-chambers for pressing the chippingdevices against the work and having ports iso for conducting air to the chipping devices to actuat-e the same, and valves with controlling levers supported between said handles for controlling the supply of air toV pipe, a plurality o the holders.

49. In apparatus of the kind described, the combination ofv a carriage capable of being set over the work, a plurality of holders mounted on said carriage in transverse rows, pneumatic chipping devices mounted invsaid olders respectively, an airipe extending along the carriage at one si e and crossing said rows. connections from said air-pipes to said holders for controlling the operation of the chipping tools, and valves wlth controlling levers, connected with `said pipes.

Signed at San Francisco, Calif., this 17th 30 day of May, 1926.

EDWIN P. BLY.