US1652329A - Electromagnetic control - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 13, 1927.

Fig.

L. SAIVES ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL Filed May 4, 1923 Fig. 4

2 Sheets-Sheet l ilk INVENTOR ATT-ORNEY Dec. 13, 1927.

" L. SAIVES ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL Filed May 4, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 i=1 IIIIIIII III mvENToR' ATTORN EY Patented Dec. 13, 1927.

UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

LEON SAIVES, or IBILLANCO'URT, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR T0 LOUIS RENAULT, or BILLAN- 00cm, FRANCE.

ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL.

Application filed May 4, 1923, Serial No.

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic arrangement, more particularly designed for controlling the injection of fuel into internal combustion motors. Its main object relates to the construction ofthe electromagnet the act ion of which must be instantaneous and without any delay in its opera tion. Its second object relates to the general mechanical arrangement and more particularly to the application thereof to the injection of the combustible into internal combustion engines and explosion motors. These mechanical arrangements Will, besides, be always retained in the case where an electromagnetic arrangement having the same qualities as that hereinafter described was ap plied to them.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an electromagnetic control;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an electromagnetic control including a conductive circuit;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the direction of lines of force in the construction shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view showing the circuits and the current control, with the movable parts of the electromagnet omitted Fig. 5 is-a similar view showing a selfinductive winding interposed in the circuit;

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view showing the replacement of return springs by an electric control;

Fig. 7 is a side-elevation,- partly in section and partly diagrammatic, showing an application ofthe present invention to a motor of the open nozzle type;

Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the application of the magnetic control to a motor fed by an injector pump to a closed nozzle;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a modification of Fig. 8, in which the adjustable injection needle is replaced by an ordinary injector having a constant admission pressure; and

Fig. 10 is a side elevation. partly in section and partly diagrammaf of the magnetic control applied to the' Uiesel type of motor.

Referring to Figures 1 to 6, the electromagnet in accordance with the present invention is indicated in Figure 1. The magnetic part 1 of laminated iron is provided with three arms and the electromagnet is energized 636,771, and in France January 17, 1923.

by a round or rectangular bobbin 2 and attracts while compressing the springs 3, the movable armature 4 to which the control rod 5 is connected. Each time that the bobbin 2 is energized the rod is attracted and as soon as the current ceases it returns under the action of the springs 3.

It is necessary that each rod 5 be controlled during definite and exact periods of time. The length of the stroke of each rod must be completed and the frequencies of opening and closing can be very high.

It is evident that in proportion as the speed of the motor increases in the case of the application to a motor the action of each bobbin will become more and more defective in consequence of the influence of the selfinduction of the winding and the counterelectromotive force created. It is necessary in these conditions to diminish the time constant with a view of obtaining a result as instantaneous as possible and for this purpose a resistance is placed in series with the obbin. This resistance may be approximately of five to six times the value of the resistance of the bobbin, from whence there results a moderate and inferior output and prohibitive over all dimensions.

The arrangement hereinafter described permits of obtaining the action of the electromagnet without any delay. It consists in considerably reducing the variations of the flux in the circuit of the electromagnet whether the movable part be attracted or not.

Figure 2 shows diagrammatically at 6 a laminated or unlaminated iron armature which is energized by a winding 7 which is disposed in parallel with the terminals of the electric source. As soon as the electromagnet is energized the art 8, rigid with the rod 5 to be controlle is attracted. and/the springs 9 are compressed.

The lines of force follow the direction indicated by the arrow 10. Between the two ends of the electromagnet is a conductive circuit formed by one or more than one spiral having abutting ends 11, 12.

The self-induction of this conductor is negligible. It follows that in order to detach the movable part (see Figure. 3) it is sufficient, the current flowing continuously in the winding 7, to send into the conductor 11, 12 a current which may be made to cause,

in the intermediate iron piece and the poles of the electromagnet, a flux 13 in the reverse direction to the flux 10.

It is obvious that the absence of self-induction in the circuit 11, 12 allows of the current being instantaneously established and consequently instantaneous release of the part 8 under the actions of the springs 9.

The ampere turns of the winding 7, remaining constant, as soon as the current ceases to flow in the circuit 11, 12 the part 8 will be again instantaneously attracted and the attraction will again cease as soon as the current in the circuit 11, 12 is re-established.

Figure 4, in which the movable parts of the electromagnets have not been indicated so as to facilitate reading of the diagram, shews a constructional example of the controls for the two cylinder engine. To the terminals of the source 14 the two windings 7 are connected in parallel. The two coils 11, 12 will be alternately excited through the contacts 15, 16 provided with counter-springs 18, 19.

Under the action of a cam 20 rotatable about an aXis 21, these contacts 15, 16 can be alternately closed and it evident that according to the contour of the cam the establishment and the duration of the current in the circuit 11, 12 can be regulated with any desired degree of exactness, thus resulting in an almost perfect action of the parts controlled by the electromagnets.

If this figure be compared with Figure 7 in which the rod 5 attracted by the electromagnet controls the introduction of the combustible into the combustion chamber, it will confirm that the advance or delay in the introduction of the combustible could be obtained by the displacement of the cam 20 on its axis 21 which controls the contacts 15, 16.

It is evident that the action will be as eflicient at high speeds as at low speeds because the current remains constant in the windings 7 which have a strong self-inductive action, that the flux varies very little in the circuit 6 and that the circuit 11, 12 has quite a negligible self-inductance. If it be desired that. one of these controls, instead of having an instantaneous action may have a retarded or delayed action, it will be suflicient to interpose in the circuit of the windings 11, 12 corresponding to this control a self-inductive winding 22 (Figure 5) which may be variable if so desired.

This arrangement could be used, if one contemplates the suppression of return springs, for the movable parts 8 and in particular for the control of pumps for feeding the combustible. If desired the suction stroke may be prolonged for a relatively long time whilst the in ection must be as instantaneous as possible.

It is therefore possible to suppress the springs and to control the movable part entlrely by an electric arrangement (see Figare 6). The piece 8 rigid with the piece to be controlled (not shewn in the figure) will be attached by the electromagnets 23, 24 according as the current furnished by the source 14 and distributed by the cam 20 to the contacts 15, 16 will be caused to flow alternately in the non-inductive windings 25, 26.

As remarked above one of the two attractive actions could be rendered slower than the other by interposing self-inductance in the circuit of one of the two windings 25, 26.

The electric source 14 may be a battery of accumulators supplying the circuit and electromagnets for use at the moment of starting the motor. This battery may be maintained charged by means of a parallel circuit derived from the main circuit when the motor is installed in a central electric station.

If it be a question of a single motor, a fixed or marine installation, the motor may comprise a small dynamo which, While maintaining the battery, could be used for lighting purposes of the machine room or even for the vehicle if the motor is placed on a truck, lorry or a wagon, steam tractor or portable engine.

The electromagnetic control which has just been described can be applied to all types of eftplosion motors or combustion engines where it is a question of controlling the piston which discharges the combustible previously delivered by a volumetric pump into a small reservoir or tank in proximity to the combustion chamber or for the control of a volumetric pump feeding the combustible under pressure toan automatic needle valve for injection; or again for the control of a pump feeding the liquid under pressure to an injector of ordinary type.

Itcould be employed for the control of the injection needle valves of Diesel motors by replacing the mechanical controls actually in use.

Apart from the examples hereinafter described one could always, without departing from the nature of the invention, employ this electron'iagnetic control for the working of any injection arrangement with or without volumetric pumps for feeding the combustible, or for the working of a pump for feeding the combustible.

Further, the arrangement could be em ployed for the control of members necessitating instantaneous action, the invention not being limited in its application to internal combustion engines.

The particular application of the arrangements hereinbefore referred to are shewn in Figures 7 to 10.

Figure 7 shews the application of this arrangement of magnetic control as used for the introductionof fuel to a motor of the open nozzle type.

The combustible is delivered by a volumetric pump 27 into a small chamber 28 near the combustion chamber 29. This pump feeds the combustible during the period when there is no pressure or only a low pressure in the cylinder.

The injection is effected by a piston 30 maintained in the raised position by the current continually flowing in the electromagnet 6. This piston 30 which forms a plunger is in a measure set by the electromagnet 6. When the current flows in the circuit 11, 12, the attraction of the piece 8 ceases instantaneously and the piston 30 will be jerked suddenly forward under the action of the spring 31.

The combustible lying in the chamber 28 will be pulverized or atomized under the shock and will penetrate into the combustion chamber '29 through the openings 32.

These openings could be formed by holes provided in the part 33 or, in order to facilitate working, by grooves or slots in the periphery of a part 34 rigid with the part 33.

These openings could be vertically or obliquely arranged along the periphery of the part 54 or they may be of helical form in order to facilitate whirling or spraying of the fuel and the distribution thereof into the combustion chamber.

The mechanical controls for the introduction of fuel are replaced by the magnetic control forming the subject matter of the present invention which permit of instantaneous action. A cam shaft is again necessary for the control of the volumetric pumps for feeding the combustible. The shafts 35 for these cams could carry the distributor for the current to the windings 11, 12.

Figure 8 shews the application of the magnetic control to a motor fed by an injector pump to a closed nozzle.

The electric arrangement represented diagrammatically in Figure 3 here controls the feed pump for the combustible. As previously, it is set electrically by the suppression of current fiowin in the windings 11, 12, delivery and simu taneous injection being effected by the spring 31.

The combustible under pressure is admitted into the chamber 36 which is closed at its lower part by a needle Valve 37. The needle is maintained on its seat by a spring 38 adjustable by means of a nut 39 bearing on Washers 40. The adjusting screw 41 limits the stroke of the needle.

The combustible is compressed in the passage and in the chamber 36 by the piston 42 under the action of the spring 31. This action is instantaneous at the moment when the current flows in the. circuit 11, 12.

. The pressure then increases in the chamber 36 so as to raise the needle, the pressure on the combustible overcoming the spring 38. The combustible passes then into the combustion chamber through the passage 43 and the diffuser or spraying nozzle 44.

The adjustment of the spring 38 permits of regulation of the pressure at which the fuel is introduced.

adjustable.

It is evident that the position of the electromagnets at the lower part of the combustible-pumps coupled to the cylinders is not limited. The electromagnets could be placed at the upper part, the pump having been turned through an angle of 180 about the axis of the passage. The axis of the pump could then be brought nearer the axis of the injection needle.

The current distributor to the circuit 11, 12 may be placed at any suitable position on the motor in proximity to the current generator. This distributor may be displaceable on its shaft so as to obtain advance.

Figure 9 shews a constructional modification of Figure 8 in which the adjustable injection needle has been replaced by an ordinary injector having a constant admis sion pressure.

Figure 10 shews the application of our magnetic arrangement applied to the control of an injection needle in a Diesel type of motor.

The needle 49is constantly maintained on its seat by a spring 31. The combustible is fed into the chamber 50 by a volumetric pump 52 adjustable in a manner analogous to that of Figure 8, the feed of the said pump being regulated in the same manner. This pump may be driven mechanically or electrica ly.

In the case of an electrically driven pump the suction may be controlled magnetically and the delivery by the release of a spring or the delivery could be actuated by a second electromagnet.

The compressed air is admitted at 51 above the combustible lying therein.

At this moment the needle bears on its seat and the injection is effected when the part 8 rigid with the needle is attracted by the electromagnet 6, that is to say, when the current ceases to flow in the circuit 11, 12.

The magnetic control which is the object of the present invention permits therefore of working of the injection needles and if one so desires also that of the pumps for the combustible in a motor of the Diesel type.

The magnetic arrangement which is indicated diagrammatically in Figure 3 is shewn applied in Figures 7 to 10 in which the second stroke is efiected by a spring which is compressed on the energization of the electromagnet and freed when the current flows in the circuit 11, 12.

This spring could, in all cases, be replaced by a second electromagnet identical with the first, the part 8 which is to be controlled being then actuated alternatively by the electromagnets (see diagram of Figure 6).

In the case of the control of volumetric pumps and also for injection. the attractive action of the electromagnct controlling the suction could be retarded by interposing a resistance in the circuit 11, 12 and retaining the arrangement without self-induction, thus giving instantaneousness for the time of injection.

I claimeeaeae 1. In an internal combustion motor, a fuel supply device, an electromagnet having its energizing coil in a normally closed circuit to maintain said device in inoperative relation, means tending to instantaneously move said device into operation, a second coil associated with said magnet to negative the con? trolling eifect of the first coil and timed means operated by the engine to close the circuit to said second coil.

2. In an internal combustion motor, a fuel supply device, an electromagnet having its energizing coil in a normally closed circuit to maintain. said device in closed relation, means tending toinstantaneously move said device into operation, a second coil associated with said magnet to negative the controlling effect of the first coil, timed means operated by the engine to close the circuit to said second coil.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

LEON SAIVES.

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