US1651636A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

Patented Dec. 6, 1927.

BERNARD F. .SHAUGHNESSY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

INCINERATOR.

Application led October 7, 1925. Serial No. 60,960.

rlhe invention Arelates to incinerators for burning garbage and other refuse, and aims to provide a novel and improved furnace ,'Of that kind which -Will be practical and etli- A further object is the provision of a novel. 'door construction for the hreboX 1n order that access may be had to the material in the lirebox in a convenientand efficient manner for purpose of poking 'or stirring the material on the grate.

The invention has among its other objectsl to provide novel means for delivering the material into the furnace, novel means for retiecting and concentrating the heat in the combustion chamber, novel Water circulating means, and novel features of construction and arrangement'of the component elements of the incinerator.

The present incinerator is an improvement over the refuse incinerator disclosed in my Patent No. 1,479,875, granted January 8, 1924.

With the foregoing and other objects in View, which Will be apparent as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the construction and arrangement of parts, as hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes can be made Within the scope of what is claimed, Without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, Wherein- Figure 1 illustrates the improved incinerator, partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section.

Fig. 2 is an enlargedA cross section on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

T he furnace proper has the side Walls 1l yat the opposite sides of the combustion chamber, and composed of refractory bricks or other suitable material. The bricks composing the Walls 11 are supported on longitudmal Water chambers 12 extending the length ofthe combustion chamber, and said Water chambers 12 are suspended by hangers 13 from longitudinal beams 14. Said beams 14 are supported by the end Walls of the furnace struc-` ture or frame, and may be supported in any suitable manner, it being noted that the Walls 1l being supported on the Water chambers or members 12, and said members or chambers 12 being suspended from the beams 14, will support the Walls 11 from said beams. 14.

Longitudinal members 15 are disposed on the beams 14 and longitudinal drums 16 are seated on said members 15.. The drums hold water to be heated by `the furnace. The drums 16 at the opposite sides are connected by cross pipes 17 to establishcommunication between said drums, and said pipes 1T also support the top 18 of the furnace, which may be ofbricks.

The top 18 of the furnace has an opening 19 through which the refuseris delivered into the furnace, and a chute 20 rises from said opening 19 and has a closed top. The opening 19 and chute 20 are elongated longitudinally of the furnace, and the chute 20 rises Within a hopper 21 into which the refuse is dumped. The chute 2O has openings 22 in its opposite sides controlled by depending Yalves or shutters 23 which are hinged Within the chute at their upper edges, to swing inwardly, and operating levers 24 are operably connected With said valves to swing them open and closed. Vit-h the refuse in the hopper 21 the valves 2,3 may be opened the desired amount to let the material drop down y through the opening 19 into the furnace, and

it is possible to control the delivery of the material into the furnace so as to avoid the material packing Within the furnace. This feeding arrangement for the furnace also avoids any possibility for Workmen or attendants dropping into the furnace accidentally.

A Water cooled basket grate is disposed nace and includes longitudinally spaced sections, each of which has the vertical pipes 25 adjacent to the opposite side Walls 11, with their upper terminals 26 extending outwardlyv at right angles and journaled through the members 15. The lower terminals of the pipes 25 of each grate section are curved to converge toward one another and are secured to a coupling 27. Couplings 28 are securedV to the terminal portions 26 of the pipes 25 at the exterior of the furnace, and vertical pipes 29 have their upper endsI connected to the couplings 28. ElboWS` 304 connect the lower ends of the pipes 29 With transverse pipes 31 that are also connected vWithin the combustion chamber of the furi the material therein so that it will dropA Pipes v to the coupling 27 of the gratesection. The elbows 30 have handles .32 for conveniently .swingingthe grate sections, it being noted that said grate sections are suspended for `longitudinal swin ing movement about the downA into the Iirebox underneath.

- 33 connected to the drums 16 have swivel connections with the couplings 28, so that said couplings mayturn 'with the basket vgrate sections, and the pipes 33 also convey the Water to and from the drums. Water heated in the pipes 25 rises therein, while the-cooler water will passthrough the pipes 29 and 3.1 into the lower ends of the pipes 25, thereby establishing the circulation of the water. The hot water will risev into the drums 16 fromv which it may be withdrawn.

The water chambers 12, which may have suitable inlets or outlets for the water, have face plates 34 extending downwardly at the outer sides of the furnace, and provided with slots 35 through which the pipes 31 extend, thereby permitting the basket grate sections to be oscillated. VThe elbows 30 have closures 36 that cover the slots35.

A base or bottom 37 of concrete or otherY suitable material is provided having the side walls 38 below the walls 11, and longitudinal air conduits 39 are mounted on the Walls 38 at the inner sides thereof, and have inclined ings 41 at their inner sides controlled by doors or valves 42 which may beopened by any suitable means (not shown) to admit air into said conduits, o r to discharge ashes and other accumulations therefrom. The

V conduits 39 have doors 42EL at the rear ends thereof, whereby the rea-r ends ofthe conduits may be opened to receive air so as Ato discharge upwardly through the grates 40. The 'ash pit 43 is located between the walls 38 below the bottom grate composed of the sections 44 which are mounted on transverse rock shafts 45 that extend through the conduits 39 and walls 38, and suitable gearing 46 is' provided for turning said shafts so that the grate sections 44 may be tilted to dump the material therefrom into the ash pit. A

Rails 47 are mounted on the walls 38 and are spaced below 'the chambers or members 12 toprovide openings in the sides of the furnace extending the length of the furnace. A series of sliding doors 48 is mounted in each opening` and rollers 49 are preferably s mounted in the rails 47 on which the doors move freely longitudinally. Flanged strips 50 arelcarried by the door 48. and engage the lower edges of the plates 34 so as to guide the doors for longitudinal movement,

and each door has a handle 51 at the exterior so that the doors may be slid 'conven-v iently. It will be noted that the doors may be slid apart at any longitudinal point of the firebox, so that access may be had to the material on the bottom grate at any longitudinal point, for the insertion of a poker or other implement to stir the material. All of the doors 48 being slidable longitudinally .will enable a poker or implement to be inserted at any longitudinal point of either side opening, and just sufficient opening can be provided between the separated. doors as to admit the poker or implement Without an excessively large opening into.

the iirebox being necessary.

The doors 48 have refractory liiings52 to reflect the heat back into the lirebox, and

said linings have concaved recesses, .as shown, for concentrating the reflected heat rays on the material so as to venhance com-A bustion. Similarly, the inner surfaces of the bricks of the Walls 1l may be concaved, as seen in F ig. 2, for reflecting and concen.- trating the heat rays on the material in the basket grate.

In rear of the ash pit 43 is a tunnel 53 intowhich air isdischarged through a noz# zle 54 from a. suitable air blower (not shown). The air is discharged forwardly s0 as to pass into the ash pit 43 and up through the -grate sections 44k Also, when the doors or., valves 42 are opened the air will be delivered into the conduits 39 to pass up-V Wardly through the grates 40.

A track extends through the ash pit 43 and tunnel 53 and comprises the rails 55 mounted on the base or bottom 37, and a truck or car 56 is movable on the track, being run into the ash pit 43 below the bottom grate of the irebox so as to catch the ashes. A door 57 is provided at the rear end of the-tunnel 53 to close the tunnel 4at this point, so as to prevent the How of air through the rear end ofthe tunnel, and Said llU door is slidable or movable out of the way for the passage of the truck56 when m'oving the truck into or out of the incinerator.

In rear of the rear wall 58 of the furnace and above the tunnel 53 is a chamber or housing 59, and the iear wall 58 has a discharge o ening 60 leading from the rear porton of the basket grate to a space 61 in the upper portion of the housing 59. Vertical transversepartitions 62, 63 and 64 are pro vided in the housing 59, and there is a vertical Hue 65 between the partition 62 and Wall 58, With a discharge opening 66 in the wall 58 leading fromthe rear end of the lirebox into the flue 65. rllhe products of combustion pass from the firebox through the opening 66 into the flue 65, and smoke and' products of combustion from lthe basket space 61. Vertical flues 67 and 68 are provided between the partitions 62, 63 and 64,

4and open at their lower ends into the .tunnel 'mounted in the partitions 62, 63 and 64, and

include tubular members 7 2 in the partition 62 and tubes 73 extending through the partitions 63 and 64. The tubular members 7 2 are of larger diameter than the tubes 73 and the forward ends of the tubes 73 are located close to the members 7 2. The tubular members 7 2 are formed with grooves or flanges to give the gases a whirling motion when passing through said members 72, whereby centrifugal action will throw the heavier particles away from the centers of the streams of gases passing through the members 72 and tubes 7 3. Thus, the ashes, soot and other heavier particles are discharged into theflue 67 around the tubes 7 3, and will pass'downwardly through the flue 67 into the tunnel 53 so as to be returned to the flames which will consume such particles. The lighter gases remaining at the centers of the streams will How through the tubes 73 to the spice 70 in rear ot the partition 64. v

In rear of the housing 59 is a second hous ing 0r chamber 74 extending from the housing 59 to the smoke stack 75 above the tunnel 53. The partition or wall between the housings 59 and 74 has an opening 76, and the partition or wall between the housing 74 and stack 75 has an opening 77. A valve or damper 78 controls the opening 77. Vithin the housing r4-between the openings 76 and 77 are means for separating the smoke.

and green gases from the flamesand products ot'` combustion passingalong the center ot the flue-way leading from the opening 76 to the opening 77. y Thus, a flange 79 Aextends rearwardly from the side and upper edges 'of the-opening 76. and a flange 81 extends forwardly from the side and upper edges of the opening 77. Hanges 79 and 8l are arches 3U. T he flanges 79 and 81 and arches 80 are spaced apart. and are of gradually descreasing size rf 1rwardly from the opening 76 to the opening 77, thereby having a tendency to compress the gases as they flowJ rearwardly to the stack. The flames and products of' combustion pass throngll the central portion ol the flue-nay which leads through the members 79, 8O and 8l of the separating means,

' While the smoke and green gases move along o5 \the sides and top ot' the flue-way and will be Between the deflected and crowded through the slots between the members 79, 8O and 8l, thereby separating the smoke and green gases from the more complete products of combustion that pass into the stack through the opening 77.

The housing 74 has a space S2 therein above the members or separators 79, 8O and 8l, with an opening 83 leading into the smoke stack 75 and controlled by a damper or valve S4. The space 82 has another discharge opening 85 controlled by a damper or valve 86, and a suction fan 87 communicates with the opening 85 and has its discharge port-ion delivering into thc smoke stack. Disposed within the space 82 are grates or screens 89 on which is disposed-tiltering material 90, which -may be coke, cinders, soil, or other suitable material to arrest particles ot soot, ashes and other solid material that.

enters the spaoe 82.

ln operation, the refuse is dumped in the hopper 2l and delivered gradually into the furnace hy controlling the valves or doors 23. Yille material delivered through the opening 19 drops into the basket grate, and by delivering the material in small quantities into the furnace it will not pack in the basket grate. The material in the basket grate becomes heated and dried so that it will burn, and the sections of the basket grate are shaken from time to time so that the dried material atthe bottom of the basket grate will drop onto the bottom grate of the fireboX. At first, the material accumulates on the sections 44 of the bottom grate, and the doors or valves 42 are closed so that no air passes upwardly through the side wall grates 40. The bottom grate being lower down than usual will add depth to the hrebox so that it can hold more material andl operate with a heavy fire. As 'the material accumulates on the bottom grate it over-- flows the bottom grate and piles' up on the side wall grates 40. The valves or doors 42" are then opened so that air is delivered into the conduits 39 to pass upwardly through the grates 40. In this way, the grate surface is increased as the material on the grates accumulates, thus taking care of the increased material and combustion above the grates. The full supply of air is not necessary, however, until the material accumulates over the grates 40. The ashes that drop down through the bottom grate are caught by the truck or car 56, and any ashes that drop down through the grates 40 accumulate in the conduit 39 andinay be cleaned out from time to time. lVhen one truck 56 be come.` lilled it may be moved rearwardly into the tunnel 53, and Ianother truck may be located in the ash pit. so that the filled truck in the ash pit giving oll smoke and fumes from the ashes will result in such smoke and fumes being carried with the air into the tit) loi)

l no

lill) ash pit 43and grates so that the smoke and irebox. lilled truck can thus be left in the tunnel 53 until the ashes thereon stop y i giving oli smoke or fumes, afterwhich the truckmay` be removed and dumped. The

'products ofcombusti-on from the irebox pass through the opening 66 into the flue '65, and in passing rearwardly through the tubular members 72 the soot, ashes and otherparticles pass into the flue 67, 4as hereinbefore described, while the more complete products of combustion remain at thecenters of the streams and `pass rearwardly through the -tubes 7 3 tothe opening 76. The heavier materials pass dow-n through the flue 67 into the tunnel 53 and some if not all of them are returned to the reboxto be consumed. The gases from the basket grate, due to the heating of the wet or reen refuse in the basket grate, will pass t rough the opening `into the space 61.. 'If the gases leaving the basket grate are clear then the valve 71 may be swung to close the flue 68, so that thegases will pass down in rear of. the partition 64 to the opening 76. If the gases leaving the basket grate contain smoke and green gases, the valve 71 is swung rearwardly to close the. flue in rear of the partitionV 64, so that the gases pass .down

through the return flue 68 into the tunnel 53, from which the gases pass through the green gases are consumed. Thus, smoke and green gases passing through either of the openings 60 and 66 are returned back to .the rebox so that the unburned particles mav be burned in returning to the fire.

"he gases passing through the opening 76 are separated,fthe valve or damper 78 being opened so that, in addition to the forced draft created by the air discharged through the nozzle 54. there is a natural draft up the smokel stack 75. The iiames and more complete productsfof combustion travel .along l the center of the stream, as well known, and` ..45

pass through the center of the flue-way leading from the opening 76 to the opening 77 .while the smoke. and green gases moving4 natural draft is not sufficient for this purpose, thenthe fany87 is operated to create a forced draft up through the layers 90 of filtering material, and the filtered gas is discharged from either opening 83 or 85 into the smoke stack. In this way, smoke'and green- A gases are eliminated, so that the gases disi charging from the smoke stack will not constitute a nuisance oixbe'obnoxious.l s I t will be noted that the flue-way is tapered or decreases in size from the opening 76 to the opening 77, thereby having a tendency to compress the gases liowinv through said flue-way, and the smokel an .green gases remaining at the outside of the stream-will be crowded through the slotsforopenings between the separators 7 9, 8O and 81-into the space A82. The draft extending through the -space 82v will serve to draw the smoke and green gases from the separating means, so as not to impair the iow of gases from the furnace to the smoke stack, inasmuch as the gases flowing through the space 82 pass into the smoke stack through the opening 83 orv the opening 85 and fan 87. This draft- .through the space82 will assist in drawing the smoke and green gases from the separating means through the filtering material 90.1 The liltering beds or layers may be 0f any suitable area or extent necessary, and4 the filtering material may be removed and replaced-as often as necessary. The housing 74 has clean-out doors 91'in order that soot and other accumulations may be removed. I

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is l. An incinerator base, walls above the base deiinin a com- `'bustion chamber, a bottom grate within the base, side. wall grates between the' bottom grate and o posite side walls and forming a trebox wit the bottom grate, air conduits extending below and opening throiigh said side wall grates, means for controlling the side walls and baseV having door openings between them immediately above said side wall grates for access to' said fireboX, doors for said door openings, and a basket grate between said side walls above the bottom vgrate for holding mate-rial to be consumed and from which the' material dropsv on the bottom grate between the side wall grates.

2. An incineratcr -furnace comprising a furnace comprising a flow of air' through said air conduits, the

base, walls above the base forming a com bustion chamber, a bottom grate within the base, side wall gratesl between the bottom grate and opposite side walls and forming a fire-box with the bottom grate, air conduits extending below and opening through Said side wall grates, the base having a tunnel extending bellow the bottom grate, means for blowing air into said tunnel in a direction to pass below the bottom grate, theair conduits having open ends arranged to receive the ai-r blown in a direction to pass under said bottom grate, means controlling the How-of i ir into said ends of the air conduits, the side walls and base having door openings between vthem immediately abovev said side wall grates for access to said lirebox, doorsv for said openings, and a basket gratebetween said side walls above the bottom grate for holding material to be consumed and from which the material drops on the bottom 'grate between the side wall grates.

3. An incinerator furnace comprising a base, walls above the base defining a com bustion chamber, a bottom grate within the base. the base having a tunnel extending below said bottom grate. means for blowing air into said tunnel in a direction to pass under said bottom grate. and a truck mov; able in said tunnel to a position below the bottom grate to receive ashes passing througlrsaid bottom grate and movable to a position beyond the bottom grate and Aat a point Where smoke and fumes rising from the trucks are carried by the air blown into said tunnel to and through said bottom grate. Y

4. An incinerator furnace comprising a base, Walls above the base, grates within said base and forming a firebox, opposite Side walls and said base having door openings between them extending` the length of said grates and located immediately above said grates to provide access to the firebox` throughout the length thereof, a series of doors slidable in each of said openings to be separated at any point throughout the length of the gratos, and a basket grate between said side walls above the first named grates for holding material to be 'consumed and lflrom which the material drops into said fire- 5. An incinerator furnace comprising a base, Walls above the base. 'grates within 35 said grates to provide access to the firebox 40 throughout the length thereof, a series of y doors slidable in each of said openings to be separated at any point throughout the length of the gratas.I and a basket grate between said side walls above the first named grates for holding material to be consumed and from which the material drops into said lircboin said doors bein formed with heat reflectors on the inner sides thereof for con` centrat-ii g the heat on the material in the tirebox at different points of the reboirrbetween the ends thereof. d

6. An incinerator furnace comprising a base, a. bottom grate in said base, upper side'E wall beams, hangers depending, from said 56YYY beams, members supported by said hangers f above said base, brick walls mounted on said members, a basket grate mounted ont said beams and suspended between said walls above the bottom grate, said members and no base being spaced apart to 'provide openings for access to the firebox between said bottom and basket grates, and doors for said openings.

day of May, l1925.

BERNARD F. SHAUGHNESSY.

signed at washington, D. oi, this 29th 05

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