US1651115A - Art of manufacturing gas from petroleum oil - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 29, 1927.

E.v M. CLARK ET AL ART OF MANUFACTURING GAS FROM PETROLEUMv OIL Filed-May 27. 1920 n.001 Ob oom lill) (rklm (l Smau/toa b Patented Nav. 29, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE.

EDGAR M. CLARK, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND NATHANIEL E. LOOMIS AND FRANK A. HOWARD, OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOBS TO STANDARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, A CORPORATION F DELAWARE.

ABT OF MANUFACTURING GAS FROM PETROLEUM OIL.

Application :Bled Hay 27,

I matic drawing, the numeral l designates a water gas generator which is of the usual form, save that it is provided with a bustle pipe (2) which Vcommunicates through tuyres (3) with the central section of the generator. The bustle pipe has a valved connection (4) which joins the riser (5) connectng the upper and lower pipes 6 and 7) which enter the ash pit and top of t e generator in the usual manner.

The carburetter, which is designated (8) is of the ordinary form as is the superheater or fixer (9), the connections between these units of the set being in accordance with ordinary practice.

The oil handling apparatus associated with this water gas set comprises a pump, (10) which draws the oil from the source of supply and delivers it to a preheating coll (1 1). The preheating coil in turn 1s connectedwith a cracking `coil (12) and the latter wlth a release or expansion drum (13), a pressure release valve (14:) being interposed. From the top of the release drum (13) avapor line (15) leads to a fractional condenser (16), the condensate from which drains into a receiving drum (17). Those vapors not condensing in the-fractional condenser pass to a final condenser (18) which discharges into a receiver (19). There is a gas connection (20) for removing uncondensed oil gas from the top of the receiver (19).

A pitch bottom line (21) leads from the bottom of the release drum to the top of the generator (1) being provided with a steam inlet (22) near the generator for spraying l the pitch over the surface of the coal or coke in the top of the generator. The intermedie. ate receiver (17) is connected by line (23) with the carburetter (8), being arranged to spray the oil on the top of the checker brick in the usual manner. The oil gas line (20) has connections (24 and 25) by which the oil as may be put either into the top of the ca r uretter or the bottom of the fixer. The

' heater in the 1920. Serial No. 884,782.

apparatus above described may be operated as follows:

A heavy asphaltie base crude oil,'of little value for refining purposes such for example, as 12 gravitylanuco crude oil, is fed by the. pump (l0) into the preheat'er (11) 1n which it is raised to a temperature of about 775o F. At this temperature the oil enters the cracker or cracking coil (12) and there undergoes decomposition, the cracking coll being heated to give an outlet temperature on the oil of about 820o F. The preheater and cracking coil are held under a pressure of about 7 5 pounds per square inch which-is reduced or entirely released at the valve (14). It is preferred to inject superheated steam into the oil entering the preproportion of about ten to thirty pounds of steam per barrel of oil. Owing to its high temperature, the oil passing the expansion valve (14) is very largely converted into vapor within the expansion drum. This vapor is taken olf through the vapor line (15) and fractionally condensed 1n the condenser (16). The fraction here condensing, which may represent about %l of the oil fed to the apparatus, is a distillate fuel oil, or gas oil, that is clean, relatively light in gravity and free from asphaltic constituents. The vapors not condensing in the fractional condenser (16) pass to the i'inal condenser (18) and are caught by the receiver (19) these vapors being naphtha which may represent 10% of the oil fed. The remaining 10% of the oil fed Will have been converted in to gas during the cracking operation, the gas being removed from the system by the line (20).

The water gas generating set is operated as follows:

The coal or coke in the generator, having been raised to a water gas making temperature, that is between 1500 and 2200 F. by blasting with air in the usual manner, is then subjected to the action of steam lentering through the grate bars at the bottom, and simultaneously the heavy pitch bottom, representing for examplea residue or bottom 12 B. from the lgravity crude oil referred to, is sprayed with steam on to the top surface of the generator. The valves in the lines (6) and (7) are closed, while the valve in the line (4) is open. Under these contom sprayed over the upper surface of the coal gas set,

is almost instantaneously cracked into lower boiling hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon. The carbon which mostly comes out in the form of lamp black, passes through the upper section of the 1generator, mixes with the steam, and, being of the generator, is, in a large part converted into water gas by reactlon with this steam.

The mixture of water gas from the bottom of the generator and combined water and oil gas from the top of the generator, passes outwardly through pipe (4) and thence to -the carburetter (8).. The gas oil distillate from receiver (17) is sprayed into this carburetter in the usual way, the tem erature of the carburetter being held at etween 1100 and 1400o F., as is customary in the operation of carburetters on ordinary distillate fuel oil or gas oil. Simultaneously, the gas produced in the oil cracking apparatus is injected either into the carburetter through pipe (24) or into the fixer through pipe (25). The fixer may be carried at a temperature between 800 and 1100O F. for the usual purpose of fixing the carburetted water gas and for the additional purpose of breaking down any organic sulphur compounds in the gas into inorganic sulphur which may be more readily removed by the usual as purifying process.

At t e end of the make period of the the steam, pitch bottom, oil and gas will be shut 0H and an air blast admitted through the upper pipe (7) and lower pipe (6) to again raise the temperature of the generator, This air blast operation will be conducted in the ordinary manner save that the air blast will enter both at the top and bottom passing outwardly through the central pipe (4). The make period will follow t e blast period in the manner above described.

As an alternative of the operating method above described, the following method which dispenses with the central outlet tuyrs (3) may beemployed:

The generator will be lair blasted in the usual manner from the bottom upwardly and outward through the connection to the carburetter. During the gas making period, however, the total quantity of steam required will be introduced through thepipe (22) on to the top of the generator, mixing with the pitch. The vapors from the pitch willl therefore traverse the entire depth of the generator and pass to .the carburetter through the bottom connection The oil will be injected into the car uretter through linel 23, and the oil gas will enter eated to the temperature the carburetter and the fixer.l

the carburetter or xer through line 24 or 25 just as first described. In o erating according to this second describe method as well as according to the first described method, it will be found desirable in general to reverse the direction of the blast and of the make at intervals in order to secure more uniform conditions within the generator. When the make is .reversed in direction, the pitch will not be admitted to the generator.

Although we have illustrated and Adescribed in some detail, in the foregoing, a plant suitable for the practice of our inven tion, and have given as an example the exact sequence of steps and manner of carrying out each step of the oil-cracking and gas making procedure, it should be understood that this is illustrative only, and that our invention is not limited to the apparatus or process particularly described, except so `far as such limitations are incorporated in the following claims in which it is our intention to claim all novelty inherent in our invention.

What we claim isz- 1. The improvement in the art of cracking l heavy asphaltic base high sulphur oils and producing gas, which consists in subjecting the oil to a cracking operation at a conversion temperature to give a small yield of oil gas, removing oil vapors and gas from the cracked oil leaving a pitch bottom, subjecting the pitch bottom together with steam to a water gas making temperature thereby producing mixed oil gas and water as, condensing heavy distillate from the o vapors and carburetting the mixed oil gas and water gas with the heavy distillate, separating the oil gas produced in the cracking of the oil from light distillate vapors and adding the oil gas to the carburetted gas, and passing the mixture through a fixer at a temperature sufficient to break down organic sulphur compounds present.

2. The improvement in the art of utilizing heavy asphaltic base oils for the production of gas, which consists in heating the oil to a conversion temperature to give a small yield of oil gas, removing oil vapors and gas from the cracked oil leaving a heavy pitch bottom, introducing the pitch bottom into an incandescent coal bed in the presence of steam, passing the resulting gases through a carbu retter, condensing heavy distillate from the oil vapors, introducingthe heavy distillate into the carburetter simultaneously with the said gases, and thereby carburettng the gases therein.

3. The improvement in the art of producing gas with the aid of heavy asphaltic hase oils, which consists in heating the oil to a conversion temperature at which a small yield of oil gas is produced, removing oil vapors and gas from the cracked oil leaving a pitch bottom, introducing the pitch bottom into a part of an incandescent coal bed in thev presence of steam and simultaneously introducing steam int'o another part of the incan- 5 descent coal bed, passing the mixed gases thus produced through a carburetter, condensing hea distillate from the oil va ors, introducingxthe heavy distillate into sai carburetter s1multaneously with said mixed l0 gases, and carburetting the gases therein.

4. The improvementin the art of utilizing heavy asphaltic base oils for the production of gas, which consists in heating the oil to a conversion temperature to .give a small yield 15 of cil gas, removing oil vapors and gas from the cracked-oil leaving a pitch bottom, 'n-

' vapors and a a lix'er at a temperature sucient to break down organic sulphur compounds present.

FRANK A. HOWARD. EDGAR M. CLARK. NATHAN IEL E. LOOMIS.

ding the oil gas to the carbu- 86 retted gas, and passing the through Y

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