US1646633A - Process for exhausting detector tubes - Google Patents
Process for exhausting detector tubes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1646633A US1646633A US551150A US55115022A US1646633A US 1646633 A US1646633 A US 1646633A US 551150 A US551150 A US 551150A US 55115022 A US55115022 A US 55115022A US 1646633 A US1646633 A US 1646633A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- exhausting
- detector
- tube
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000000982 Malva neglecta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000060 Malva neglecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/38—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
- H01J9/385—Exhausting vessels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Description
Oct. 25. 1927;;
I 1,646,633 R. T. ST. JAMES" PROCESS FOR zxrmusrme nnwcron TUBES Filed April-10, 1922 may be conveniently dried by passing it through several aciddrier vessels 18 and 19, and I have found that the alternate exhausting and flushing steps should be continued about four times. This is the first or rough pumping stage of the process and the receptacles in this'stage are exhausted at each pumping. operation'to a vacuum of approximatel one-tenth of a millimeter.
. A final flushing of'dry air is given to the receptacles with air, which, in addition to "being passed through the acid driers1 8 and 19, is passed through a final drying vessel "suchas those just mentioned but containlng anhydrous phosphorousnwhich removes the last traces of moisture inthe air and thus makes'it capable of taking up the last traces of moisture in the detector receptacle. In exhausting the last charge 'of flushing air the "vacuum' is carried to approximately 1/100 of a millimeter. I t
' The metallic elements of the device are now connected inmultiple at the external "connectionofthe same (to preclude arcing between elements) and" While enclosed in a maintained vacuum, said elements "are sub-' jected to a high frequency potential, (preferably40,000 volts) one terminal of the potential being the-elements enclosed in the vacuum tube, and the other terminahground, asshown in the drawing. We have thus a condenser effect between the metal elements,- exhausted tube and ground through ordinary atmospheric pressureTThe elements are thus subjected to an electrostatic action of i {a high frequency high voltage.
'T'his step of the-process acts to disrupt and to driveofi' the more readily vaporizable or 'volatilizable elements on the surfaces of the'metal and other parts Within the 'tube.-
The passage of the vapors or gases may be "observed by the fluorescenceresulting from this treatment, which isc'ontinued '(the process of exhaustion being carried on at the same time) until the ffiuorescence'cea'ses and disappears. External heat is then appliedto' the tubes, in any convenient, well known manner as by the coils'13, to drive off such vapors as have condensed upon the inner surfaces of the tubes. A temperature of approximately 600 F. applied to thetubes will generally be sufficient; At this stage the exhaustion is continued to the limits of a mer-f cury condensation pump, that is to say, to the production of an almost perfect, commercially productive vacuum in the tubes.
The so-called hot element of the detector, namely, the filament, is now heated to incandescence by applyin an alternating current to-its terminalsan .a direct current of substantially 220 volts is applied to the cold or plate elementof the detector, the positive terminal being connected to the plate element and the. negative terminal being connected to the filament. The current applied to the filament is adjusted to produce incandescence of the filament slightly above normal,that is to say, above that which 'it should have if used as the lighting element in an incandescent lamp,and until fluorescence 'occurs'between the filament and the plate element. The plate element becomes heated to a point somewhat above the nor mal low temperature which it attains, when the detector is in use, but not to a temperature to occlude allofthevolatiliZable constituents of the plate. This brings about the dislodgment, disruption and volatilization of constituents on the surfaces of the parts within the tubes,- which are less readily vaporizable or volatilizable thanthose already driven off, as heretofore described. The passage from the tubes of the gases or vapors is indicated by fluorescence. The treatment is continued, the gases'or vapors being exhausted as before, for about fifteen (15) minutes, at the end of which period the tubes are again heated externally, to drive off such vaporsor gaseous matters" as may have condensed on the inner surfaces of the tubes. A temperature applied to the tubes of about 550 to 600 F. and continued forabout ten (10) minutes will suffice. 7 In the last treatment, the filament is sublilo jected to a temperature greaterthan it will be subjected to in the normal'use of the detector and the cold element is subjected to a voltage many times above normal. This treatment being continued for thetime mentioned, a great part of the volati'lizableele ments On the parts within the tubes will be disrupted and driven off, but there will be left on themetal partswithinthe-tube, especially the plate, an amou'nt or reservoir of what may be called latent volatilizable or vaporizable constituents, there being enough 'of-such volatilizable constituents remaining,
that the tube will retain its-balance as a soft tube, without'danger of breaking down when-used with the. normal voltages im-" pressed-in operating.
I have found that detectors-where the receptacles or tubes have been exhausted in this manner, will always be. of uniform so ftness; will all operate with a maximum of efliciency for the kind or style of' detector employed; will have a maximum of efficient life;- and' will operate with almost entire absence of all extraneous noisesand tone vibrations. I
I claim as my invention 1. The process of exhausting detector tubes which consists in exhausting and extractlng all moisture from the tube; in then disrupting anddrivlng olf the more easily detachable volatilizable constituents. on the elements of the tube by subjecting them siexternallyheating the tube todrive off c0n-, densation from its inner surface, and then sealing the tube. V I
2; The process of exhausting detector tubes, which consists in cleansing the metal elements of the detector before sealing them in the tube; in' then exhausting the tubes and extracting all moisture therefrom;then
disrupting and driving off the more easily detachable volatilizabl'e constituents on the metal elements by Y subjecting them simultaneously to the electrostatic action of a high frequency high voltage, afterwards applying external heat to drive ofl such cons'tit-- uents as have condensed on the inner'surfaces of the tubes; then heating the filament above normal and at'the same time subjecting the plate element todirectcurrent at high voltage for a predetermined length of time then again externally heating thetubes to drive of]? condensation from their inner surfaces; and then sealing the tubes. 7'
3. The process 1 of exhausting detector tubes, Which consists in cleansing the metal elements to remove all extraneous matter exhausting and extracting all moisture from the tubes by subjectingthem alternately to before sealing them in the tubes; in then exhaustion and flushing'vvith'dried'air; in
then disrupting and vdriving off the more easily detachable volatilizable constituents on the metal elements by sub ecting said elements simultaneously to the electrostatic action at substantially 0,000 volts of high frequency, afterwards applying extenal heat 7 i to drive off such constituents as have condensed on the inner surfaces of the tubes; 1
in then heating the filament by'alternatir g current to incandescence'above normal and subjecting thecplate element to direct current at substantially 220 volts for a prede-. V
termined length of. time, then externally heating the tubes to drive off condensation from their inner surfaces; and then seal ng;
the tubes;
,In testimony that it claimthe sa es-g j as my invention, I affix mysignat-ure this 5th day of April, A. 111922. l V i ROBERT T.;sT. JAMES.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US551150A US1646633A (en) | 1922-04-10 | 1922-04-10 | Process for exhausting detector tubes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US551150A US1646633A (en) | 1922-04-10 | 1922-04-10 | Process for exhausting detector tubes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1646633A true US1646633A (en) | 1927-10-25 |
Family
ID=24200062
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US551150A Expired - Lifetime US1646633A (en) | 1922-04-10 | 1922-04-10 | Process for exhausting detector tubes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1646633A (en) |
-
1922
- 1922-04-10 US US551150A patent/US1646633A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Anderson | Work function of gold | |
Langmuir | The effect of space charge and residual gases on thermionic currents in high vacuum | |
Vaughan | Mass spectrograph analyses, and critical potentials for the production of ions by electron impact, in nitrogen and carbon monoxide | |
MacKenzie et al. | Plasma electron heating by absorption of cold electrons | |
US1646633A (en) | Process for exhausting detector tubes | |
US2280618A (en) | Electric gaseous discharge device | |
US2656256A (en) | Method of testing a metallic sample | |
Tuve et al. | The Application of High Potentials to Vacuum-Tubes | |
US2401737A (en) | Phototube and method of manufacture | |
Ehrenkranz | Spark Breakdown Potentials as a Function of the Product of the Pressure by the Plate Separation in A, N 2 and H 2 for Pt and Na Cathodes | |
US1909982A (en) | Induction furnace | |
US2245215A (en) | High vacuum | |
US2030426A (en) | Gaseous electric discharge lamp device | |
US1616431A (en) | Treatment of vacuum devices to remove occluded gases therefrom | |
US1966220A (en) | Method of producing a photo-electric tube | |
US1585803A (en) | Manufacture of electric lamps and the like | |
US2078776A (en) | Glass-to-metal seal | |
US1028636A (en) | Method of exhausting vessels. | |
Anderson | Work function of cadmium | |
US3189395A (en) | Method of making an incandescent lamp | |
US1677900A (en) | Method of degasifying radiotubes | |
US1501240A (en) | Manufacture and operation of vacuum tubes | |
US1709858A (en) | Luminescent tube | |
US1679383A (en) | Method and apparatus for exhausting vacuum-tube-lamp envelopes | |
US1837746A (en) | Photo-electric tube |