US1639080A - Manufacture of stencil sheets - Google Patents

Manufacture of stencil sheets Download PDF

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Publication number
US1639080A
US1639080A US12748626A US1639080A US 1639080 A US1639080 A US 1639080A US 12748626 A US12748626 A US 12748626A US 1639080 A US1639080 A US 1639080A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ester
acid
cellulose acetate
stencil
tartaric acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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Inventor
Davis Alex Brocking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AB Dick Co
Original Assignee
AB Dick Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US86343A external-priority patent/US1834686A/en
Application filed by AB Dick Co filed Critical AB Dick Co
Priority to US12748626 priority Critical patent/US1639080A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1639080A publication Critical patent/US1639080A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
    • B41N1/24—Stencils; Stencil materials; Carriers therefor
    • B41N1/243—Stencils; Stencil materials; Carriers therefor characterised by the ink pervious sheet, e.g. yoshino paper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
    • C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
    • C07C69/675—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • C07C69/70—Tartaric acid esters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249962—Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only [e.g., porous paper, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249963—And a force disintegratable component [e.g., stencil sheet, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31844—Of natural gum, rosin, natural oil or lac
    • Y10T428/31848—Next to cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31851—Natural oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates particularly to stencil. sheets made by depositing upon a porous base sheet, such as Japanese oshino paper, a homogeneous type and sty us im- 10 pressible film.
  • a porous base sheet such as Japanese oshino paper, a homogeneous type and sty us im- 10 pressible film.
  • Many tvpes of stencils of this character have a ready been made, either by drawin the Japanese yoshino paper through mo ten coating masses such as those which may be compounded from waxes, gums, etc., or by deposlting upon the yoshino sheet homogeneous films by drawing the sheets throu h solutions of various substances and allowmg the volatile solvent to evaporate.
  • the object of this invention is to provide,
  • I may proneed as icilowsz
  • Acetone-soluble cellulose acetate such as ficial silk is dissolved in acetone to a. 10% solution b" weight.
  • the viscosity of the cellulose acetats solution varies over wide limits, and while all types of the cellulose acetate which if have been able to obtain will give a stencil sheet, I prefer to use that grade whichmay be called medium viscosity.
  • Into. a. suitable vessel there is placed 120 parts by is normally used for the production of arti-- Serial No. 127,488.
  • the solid chlor derivatives consistin mainly of the tetra, penta and hexa ch or compounds.
  • the mono benzoyl butyl tartrate which I believe to be a hitherto unused and unknown substance, is made preferably by reacting upon the dinormal butyl ester of tartaric acid with benzoylchloride by heating the two substances together'until hydrochloric acid ceases to be given off and the resultin oil reacts practically neutral.
  • the mono benzoyl butyl tartrate may be replaced by other derivatives of butyl tartrate in which one or more of the hydroxyls of the tartaric acid radical have been combined with some other acid; thus, I have found mono acetyl butyl tartrate satisfactory.
  • the chlorinated naphthalene may be replaced by other hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly those of the anthracene series, such as anthracene itself and carbazol.
  • the diamyl phthalate in the second formula may be exchanged for butyl phthalate and the castor oil for other vegetable or animal oils of similar character and properties.
  • the application of the invention is broadened by. the use as a constituent of a second carbohydrate ester in the form of starch acetate, showing the broad application of the invention to carbohydrate esters in general and particularly for the production of coating masses for the manufacture of stencil sheets.
  • the mono benzoyl butyl tartrate used primarily in the description of this invention is only a re resentative of a group of substances whic may be classed as acid substituted derivatives of hydroxy'acid esters, a
  • Stencils produced from this coating mass are capable of yielding large numbers of copies when used with the usual forms of duplicating machines, andthe im ressions which they give are clean of line an sharply defined; in fact, the number of impressions which can. be obtained from these stencils, even on power driven duplicating machines, is far greater than the requirements of the average user for any individual stencil.
  • a type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and benzoyl butyl tartrate.
  • a type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and mono benzoyl butyl tartrate.
  • a type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and an ester of tartaric acid in which at least one hydroxyl has been combined with an acid radical.
  • a type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and an acid substituted diallryl ester of tartaric acid.
  • A. type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon.
  • a type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate, an acid substi-' tuted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and a hydrocarbon.
  • a type-impressible stencil sheet coating including celluloseacetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and an ester of phthalic acidf 8.
  • a type-impressible stencil'sheet coating including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid, an ester of phthalic acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon.
  • a type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid, an ester of phthalic acid and a hydrocarbon.
  • a t pe-impressible stencil sheet coating include cellulose acetate, an acid substituted tartaric ester and a vegetable oil.
  • a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplicatmg machines which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate and an ester of tartaric acid in which at least one hydi'loxyl has been combined with an acid radic 14.
  • the process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplieating machines which consists of depositing upon a porous'bas'e sheet a homogeneous cellulose acetate and an acid substituted dlalkyl ester of tartaric acid.
  • a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplieating machines which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon.
  • a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplicatmg machines which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid, an ester of phthalic acid and a-h drocarbon.
  • T e process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplicatmg machines which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, an acid substituted tartaric ester and a ve etable oil.
  • a t pe-impressible stenci sheet coating inclu ing an acid substituted hydroxy acid ester and a carboh drate ester.
  • a t pe-impressib e stencil sheet coating include mg a carbohydrate ester and a' hydroxy acid ester at least one hydroxyl of which has been combined 7 with an acid group.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Description

Patented Aug. 1 1921.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ALEX BROCKING DAVIS, OI CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO A. DICK COMPANY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.
muracrunn or STENCIL snnn'rs.
Io Drawing. Original application filed February 5, 1926, Serial No. 88,848. Divided and this application filed August 5, 1828. a
Reference is hereby made to an application filed by me February 5, 1926, for stencil sheets and coating masses therefor, Serial No. 86,343, of which this application is a division.
The present invention relates particularly to stencil. sheets made by depositing upon a porous base sheet, such as Japanese oshino paper, a homogeneous type and sty us im- 10 pressible film. Many tvpes of stencils of this character have a ready been made, either by drawin the Japanese yoshino paper through mo ten coating masses such as those which may be compounded from waxes, gums, etc., or by deposlting upon the yoshino sheet homogeneous films by drawing the sheets throu h solutions of various substances and allowmg the volatile solvent to evaporate. Other processes than the two above stated have been used for depositin the film upon the yoshino paper, but al forms ofstencil sheets so far produced have possessed certain disadvantages, such as lack of strength and working qualities deterioration on standing, or the easy breaking of the film unless the paper be handled with care.
The object of this invention is to provide,
a new stencil coatin mass which-eliminates many or the usual difficulties of production,
and to provide stencil sheets possessing marked advantages as to toughness, cleannessof impression, working qualities, and
which kee without deterioration when stored for ong periods. Other objects of my invention will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.
In carrying out the invention, I may proneed as icilowsz;
Acetone-soluble cellulose acetate such as ficial silk is dissolved in acetone to a. 10% solution b" weight. According to the character oi the cotton used in the production of the cellulose acetate and'the method of acetylation, the viscosity of the cellulose acetats solution varies over wide limits, and while all types of the cellulose acetate which if have been able to obtain will give a stencil sheet, I prefer to use that grade whichmay be called medium viscosity. Into. a. suitable vessel there is placed 120 parts by is normally used for the production of arti-- Serial No. 127,488.
weight of this 10% cellulose acetate solution in acetone. There is now added 200 parts by weight of acetone. Into this mass there is now stirred 100 parts by weight of mono benzoyl butyl tartrate, in which has been dissolved 20 parts by weight of chlorinated naphthalene, and for this material I prefer.
the solid chlor derivatives consistin mainly of the tetra, penta and hexa ch or compounds. The mono benzoyl butyl tartrate, which I believe to be a hitherto unused and unknown substance, is made preferably by reacting upon the dinormal butyl ester of tartaric acid with benzoylchloride by heating the two substances together'until hydrochloric acid ceases to be given off and the resultin oil reacts practically neutral.
Into the resulting mass there is now stirred as a pigment to lend o acity 10 parts by weight of zinc oxide which has been previously ground in 10 parts by weight of butyl tartrate. The mass is now stirred thoroughl' and forms a homogeneous lacquer-like ody, from which stencils may be produced by drawing sheets of Japanese 1yloshino paper, or other suitable porous, brous base sheets, through .or over and removing the excess by pulling the sheets over a wire. The resulting stencil sheets are then hung up on. racks to allow the volatile solvent, principally acetone, to evapw orate. This evaporation takes place very rapidly, and in a comparatively short period of time the sheets may be removed to be mounted upon proper backing sheets, ready for use in the typewriter or with the st lus for the production of stencils to be use on duplicating machines. Such sheets are semi-opaque nearly white in color, and possess a marked degree of toughness. The film does not break easily or crack, and the stencils which result from the use of the typewriter or stylus give very superior re sults in number of copies, and the excellence of the work which they produce is easily evident upon examining the copies, particw larly when a high grade ink best suited for the work is used on the duplicating machine.
An alternative formula which 'ves results of a highly satisfactory an similar character is as follows, all parts being by weight:
It is obvious from the above formula that certain constituents may be regarded as basic and essential, particularly the cellulose acetate, and color must be lent by a pigment or a dyestufi, but the remaining ingredients ma be replaced or substituted by other materlals of slightly different composition. For instance, the mono benzoyl butyl tartrate may be replaced by other derivatives of butyl tartrate in which one or more of the hydroxyls of the tartaric acid radical have been combined with some other acid; thus, I have found mono acetyl butyl tartrate satisfactory. The chlorinated naphthalene may be replaced by other hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons, particularly those of the anthracene series, such as anthracene itself and carbazol. The diamyl phthalate in the second formula may be exchanged for butyl phthalate and the castor oil for other vegetable or animal oils of similar character and properties.
As a further aternative formula, the following will serve To 75 grams of 10% solution of cellulose acetate in acetone, there is added 25 grams of 33% solution of starch acetate in acetone. There is now stirred in 70 grams of mono benzoyl butyl tartrate and 15 grams of a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, such as hexachlor naphthalene. A quantity of coloring matter or pient may be added to give color to the mass.
- In the above formula, the application of the invention is broadened by. the use as a constituent of a second carbohydrate ester in the form of starch acetate, showing the broad application of the invention to carbohydrate esters in general and particularly for the production of coating masses for the manufacture of stencil sheets.
The mono benzoyl butyl tartrate used primarily in the description of this invention is only a re resentative of a group of substances whic may be classed as acid substituted derivatives of hydroxy'acid esters, a
large number of which I have found to possess properties similar to the mono benzoyl butyl tartrate and upon which I have a group patent pending at the present time.
\ Acetylamyl tartrate, benzoyl amyl salicV- late, benzoyl eth l lactate, and kindred-sub stances, all of w ich may be classed as acid substituted bydroxy acid esters, fall within the scope of this invention as representative of substances which may be used inpla'ce of the mono b'enzoyl butyl tartrate, and I therefore, do not restrict myself to any particular representative of this group of substances as a primary modifying agent in formulae of the character given above.
Stencils produced from this coating mass are capable of yielding large numbers of copies when used with the usual forms of duplicating machines, andthe im ressions which they give are clean of line an sharply defined; in fact, the number of impressions which can. be obtained from these stencils, even on power driven duplicating machines, is far greater than the requirements of the average user for any individual stencil.
Now having described my invention, what I claim is 1. A type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and benzoyl butyl tartrate.
2. A type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and mono benzoyl butyl tartrate.
3. A type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and an ester of tartaric acid in which at least one hydroxyl has been combined with an acid radical.
a. A type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and an acid substituted diallryl ester of tartaric acid.
5. A. type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate and an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon.
6. A type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate, an acid substi-' tuted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and a hydrocarbon. s
'2'. -A type-impressible stencil sheet coating including celluloseacetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and an ester of phthalic acidf 8. A type-impressible stencil'sheet coating including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid, an ester of phthalic acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon. 9. A type-impressible stencil sheet coating including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid, an ester of phthalic acid and a hydrocarbon.
10. A t pe-impressible stencil sheet coating inclu ing cellulose acetate, an acid substituted tartaric ester and a vegetable oil.
11. The process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplicatmg machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homo eneous film including cellulose acetate and enzoyl butyl tartrate by means of a volatile solvent.
12. The process of manufacturing a typefilm including cellulose acetate an impressible stencil sheet for use with duplieating machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homo eneous mono benzoyl butyl tartrate.
13. The process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplicatmg machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate and an ester of tartaric acid in which at least one hydi'loxyl has been combined with an acid radic 14. The process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplieating machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous'bas'e sheet a homogeneous cellulose acetate and an acid substituted dlalkyl ester of tartaric acid.
15. The process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplieating machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon.
16. The process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for. use with duplieating machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, an'acid substituted dialkyl'ester of tartaric acid and a hydrocarbo I 17. The process of manufacturing, a type.-
' impressible stencil sheet for use with dupli eating machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester otdtartaric acid and an. ester of phthalic aci 18. The process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet 'for usewith duplicating machines, which consists of de ositing upon a porous base sheet a omo- .geneous film including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid. ester, an acid substituted d1- alkyl ester of tartaric acid, .an ester of phthalic acid and a halogenated hydrocarbon.
19. The process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplicatmg machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, a tartaric acid ester, an acid substituted dialkyl ester of tartaric acid, an ester of phthalic acid and a-h drocarbon.
20. T e process of manufacturing a typeimpressible stencil sheet for use with duplicatmg machines, which consists of depositing upon a porous base sheet a homogeneous film including cellulose acetate, an acid substituted tartaric ester and a ve etable oil.
21. A t pe-impressible stenci sheet coating inclu ing an acid substituted hydroxy acid ester and a carboh drate ester.
- 22. A t pe-impressib e stencil sheet coating inclu mg a carbohydrate ester and a' hydroxy acid ester at least one hydroxyl of which has been combined 7 with an acid group.
23. A type impressible stencil sheet in- ALEX BROOKIN G DAVIS.
US12748626 1926-02-05 1926-08-05 Manufacture of stencil sheets Expired - Lifetime US1639080A (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86343A US1834686A (en) 1926-02-05 1926-02-05 Compound esters of hydroxy aromatic acids
US12748626 US1639080A (en) 1926-02-05 1926-08-05 Manufacture of stencil sheets

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2463711A (en) * 1943-04-08 1949-03-08 Perry I Nagle Electrolytic method of etching metals with stencils

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2463711A (en) * 1943-04-08 1949-03-08 Perry I Nagle Electrolytic method of etching metals with stencils

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