US1637929A - Steam boiler - Google Patents

Description

C. J. CARLSON ET AL STEAM BOILER Aug. 2 1927. 1,637,929

Filed April 23, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 V Arron/ms Aug. 2, 1927.

c. J. CARLSQN ET AL STEAM BOILER 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 23, 1923 v0 .m w

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A TTORNEYS Aug. 2 1927.

c. J. CARLSON ET AL STEAM BOILER Filed April 23. 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 c rdili iv, O. "281, won r,

A TTORNE Y8 WITNESSES Patented Au 2, 1927;

BOILER.

Application filed April 23,

Our invention relates generally to steam boilers, more particularly to boilers. of the semi-flash type of construction and it consists in the combinations, constructions and arrangements herein described and claimed.

An object of our invention is to provide a boiler oi? the character described having means for feeding water to a pre-heating coil comprised in the device in such manner that the quantity -1 water fed to the pre heating coil varies directly with the quantity oil water discharged from the preheating coil and vaporized in the boiler, whereby flooding oi the steam chamber of the boiler at any time is precluded and the feeding at all times of a quantity of water to the boiler sufiicient to effect the eliicient operation of the latter is insured. A I

A further object of the invention is to proride a. boiler of the ehancter described which has facilities tor vaporizing a given quantity of liquidin a relatively short time and for utilizing'to arelatively great extent the heat resulting from the combustion of a given quantity of fuel, whereby an economy is effected in the production of a given amount oi power.

A still further object or the invention is to improve the construction of boilers ot the type described in such manner as to insure the equalization of steam pressure within all parts of the device which are accessible to steam from the boile.

A still further object of the invention is to provide in a boiler oi the'character described a novel means for feeding water to the vaporizer element of the device.

Other objects and advantages will be ap-- parent 'l'rom the following description, considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is aside elevation of a boiler embodying the invention. a portion of a tank a irpurtenant thereto being broken away,

Figure 2 is a fragmentary plan view showing a portion of the structure exhibited in Figure l.

Figure 3 is a view mainly in vertical section and artly' in side elevation, showing the structure exhibited in Figure 1,

Figure l is a relatively enlarged vertical section through a-valve and associated parts 1923. Serial No. 634,062.

included in thestructure exhibited in Figures 1 and 2, y

Figure 5 is a vertical section substantially along the line 55 of Figure 4,

' Figure 6 is a vertical centralsectiou through a second valve comprised in the device, being an enlarged view substantially along the line 66 of Figure 8,

Figure 7 is a horizontal section through thevalve shown in Figure 6,

Figure 8 is a longitudinal central section through a discharge head for a preheating coil comprised in the device and through the connection of the discharge headwith the preheating coil; 7

Figure 9 is a plan view'ot the discharge head, A 1

Figure 10 is a top plan View of an automatic valve Which is adapted to be substituted for certain of the parts shown in Fig ures 1 and 2, a portion or" thecasing of the valve being broken away, and

Figure 11 is a longitudinalcentral sec-- tion through the automatic valve.

Referring now to the'drawings and particularly to'Figure 3 thereof, it will be noted that thecasing of a boiler embodying the invention comprises substantially concentric innerand outer shells l and 2 respec tively spaced apart and connected at their lower ends by a horizontally disposed annular plate3 which restsupon the open upper end of a hollow base 4. -The chamber within'the hollow base l constitutes an ash pit and the annular plate 3 receives a frame 5 which is disposed above the ash pit and supports a series of grate bars (5' which preterably are mounted in any suitable known manner so that they can be rocked throughthe'agency of lever 7 which is tulcrumed on the outer wallof the base l and is connected by any suitable known means (not fully shown) to the grate bars. I

The outer shell 2 is provided with a central'opening in its upper end receiving an annular flange 8 on a jacket 9 which is prolit) With the arrangement described, the space within the inner shell 1 constitutes a combustion chamber which is provided with a fuel feed opening normally closed by a door 11 and with a clean-out opening normally closed by a door 12. Thedoor 11 is apertured, the apertures therein being controlled by a draft regulating closure 13 of any suitable known construction.

The hollow base t also is provided with an opening normally closed by a door 14 having the usual draft opening formed therein and controlled by a door 15. The combustion chamber communicates adjacent to its upper end through ports 16 with the space between the jacket 9 i and the outer shell 2, which latter space constitutes a heating chaniiber into which the heated products of combustion pass from the combustion chamber. An annular battle 17 depends from the inner wall of the outer shell 2 in spaced concentric relation to both the outer shell and the jacket. The annular bafile l'? terminates at its lower end at aconsiderable distance below the level of the ports 16 and above the level of the horizontal plate 3, whereby the heated products of combustion passing through the ports 16 into the heating chamber are compelled to pass downwardly close to the jacket 9 to the lower end of the batlle 17 and then can pass upwardly between the latter and the outer shell 2 to an outlet 18 which is provided for the heating chamber adjacent to the upper end of the latter and which extends outwardly from the outer shell for connection with any suitable means, not shown, for conducting the heated products of combustion'to a desired place. The outlet 18 is provided with the usual lateral draft opening controlled by a door 19.

The space within the jacket 9 and between the latter and the inner shell 1 constitutes a combined water leg and steam chamber into the upper part oi which water is dis charged. from a discharge head 20 which is connected by a conduit 21 extending through an axial opening in the inner shell with the upper ends of concentric coils 22 and 23 respectively which-are disposed in the upper part of the combustion chamber. As illustrated to advantage in Figures 8 and 9, the discharge head 20 comprises a horizontally disposed circular plate 24 havingthe outer edge portion thereof turned upwardly to provide an upwardly inclined marginal flange 25 which has a series of spaced apart vertical notches 26 extending in the flange 25 from the out-er edge thereof to the plane of the upper face of the plate 24. The plate 2% has a central opening 27 receiving the upper end of the conduit 21 which preferably terminates at its upper end flush with the upper face of the plate. A deflector cap :2 overlying the opening 27 comprises a downs Wardly dished substantially circular body 28 supported in horizontalposition at its outer edge by a plurality of spaced apart relatively narrow vertical lugs 29 having horizontal attaching portions 30 at their lower ends resting upon and secured to the plate 24: the portion of the body 28 which is indicated at 31 and which is in axial alignment with the opening 27 being slightly raised or bulged upwardly. The arrangement is such that a stream of water discharged from the conduit 21 will strike the deflector body 28 and will be deflected downwardly and outwardly against the upper face of the plate24 and outwardly in a thin :sheet on the latter against the flange 25 by which it will be broken up because of the provision of the vertical notches 26 through which it will pass in a finely divided condition and tall by gravity upon the heated outer side of the inner shell 1.

Since the supply of water has been broken up in the manner described and of course has been p're-heated during its passage through the coils 22 and 23, the greater part of the water passing from the discharge or spreader head 20 into contact with the heated inner shell 1 will be vaporized and the resultant steam will pass upwardly and outwardly from the upper part of the combined steam and water chamber through a steam delivery conduit 31". A steam gauge 32 of conventional construction may be provided and operatively connected with the upper part of the combined water leg and steam chamber.

The water not converted into steam in the l upper part of the combined steam chamber 7 and water leg will fall by gravity in the latter in contiguous relation to the wall of the heated inner shell 1 and will strike annular ribs 33 which are arranged in a vertical series on the outer wall of the lower portion of the inner shell 1 in encircling relation to the latter, the respective ribs 33 being spaced apart and upwardly inclined. The water striking the ribs will be broken up and part thereof will be retained between the inclined upper faces of the ribs and the outer wall of the. inner shell 1 and thus quickly vaporized. The ribs 33 also aid in effecting a relatively great radiation of heat from the combustion chamber outwardly into the combined steam chamber and water leg.

The water which falls into the lower end of the combined water leg and steam cha1nher without being vaporized collects in the lower part of the latter as indicated at the combined water leg and steam chamber being in open communication adjacent to its lower end through a nipple, 35 with the lower end of a coi136 which is disposed in the lower part of the combustion chamber the munication with the combined water leg and steam chamber at a higher level through a nipple 37. The combinedwater leg and steam chamber also communicates adjacent to its lower end through a horizontal exhaust conduit 38 with a vertical float chamber 39 at a point intermediate the length of the latter. provided with a gauge glass 40 and may have a drain opening in its lower end controlled by acock 41. A float 42 disposed within the chamber 39 is connected to the lower end of a vertical valve stem 43 which is connected at its upper end by a ball and socket joint 44 (see Fig. 7) with the lower end of a valve 45 which is slidably received within 'a vertical valve casing 46 in open communication at its lower end through a tubular housing 4'? .with the upper end of the float chamber. A manually operablevalve 48 may be provided in the conduit 38.

The valve casing 46 is provided with a lateral inlet" 49 with which a supply conduit 50 leading from the lower part ofa tank 51 is connected. The valve casing 46 also-is provided with a lateral outlet 52 at the same level as the inlet 49 and connected by a horizontal conduit 53 extending through the outer shell 2, batlle 17 and thejacket and inner shell 1 into the combustion chamber, being connected at its inner end by a suitable pipe connection 54 to the lower end of the coils 22 and 23. The valve 45 has an annu lar groove 55 in its outer periphery which e tablishes conununication between the inlet 49 and the outlet 52, the volume of water permitted to pass from the inlet to the outlet being determined by theposition of the valve 45 inthe casing 46 but the arrangement being such that the valve 45 cannot be moved to such position in the valve casing that the annular groove 55 will be entirely out of communication with the inlet and outlet. The conduit 50 may be provided with a valve 56 and with a drain cook 57 Water may be supplied to the tank 51 through a conduit 58 which communicates with the upper part of the tank and which ma y be connected with any suitable source of water supply. The tank 51 may be provided with a gauge tube 59 and is supported upon brackets 60 carried by the outer shell 2 so that the tank extends both above and below the level of the water'discharge head 20. For the purpose of overcoming steam pressure from the boiler in the event that the pressure at which the water is forced through the conduit 58 into thetank 51 is not sufficient and in order to control the sup-- ply oi water to the tank, a valve 61 may be incorporated in the condult 58. The valve 61 isbest seen in Figures 4 and 5 and comprises a valve casing 62 having diametrically opposite vertically aligned inlet and outlet ports 63 and 64 respectively with The float chamber 39 may bewhich axially aligned sections of the conduit 58 communicate, the-inlet being uppermost. A hollow valve body 65 interlits the casing 62 and is mounted to rotate about a horizontal axis, being provided with oppositely extending axially aligned horizontal trunnionsorjournal pins and 6? respectively, the former being rotatably re-[ ceived within aclosed bearing 68 provided on the valve casing and the latter being of sutlicient length to extend through a lateral,

and each adapted to register in turn with the inlet 63 and the outlet 64 during one complete rotation of the valve body. Each port 7 4 is spaced less than 180 from the adjacent port 74 so that the outlet 64 will be out of communication with the interior of the hollow valve body when one of the ports 74 in register with. the inlet and likewise the inlet 63 will be out of communication with the interior of the valve body when one of the ports 74is in register with the outlet. With this arrangement, water will pass by gravity from the upper section ot the conduit 58 through the inlet 63 and one of the ports 74 completely or partially filling the latter before the hollow valve has been rotated to an extent sutlicient to position one of the ports 74 in register with the outlet 64. When in the latter position, the contents of the hollow valve ,body will pass by gravity to the lower section of the conduit 58 into the tank 51. The motor 72may be operated in any suitable known manner, preferably being an electricv motor provided with a, motor operating circuit. The motor operating circuit is controlled by a switch-indicated at 7'5 and shown, more or less. diagrammatically in Figure l,'the switch being controlled by a float 76 disposed within the tank 51. and arranged when the level of the liquid in the latter has risen to the level of the water discl'iarge head 20 to operate the switch and open the motor operatingcircuit so that the supply of water "ted to the tank will be discontinued. When thelevel ot' the water within the tank 51 has fallen below that of the discharge head 20 the switch will be operated to close the motor operating cir- .verted intoliquid may be returned to the combmedwater leg and steam chamber by means which will now be described. Such means may comprise a condensate supply tube 77 leading from any desirable place to a trap 78l1aving a lateral outlet 7 9 above the level of the lower end thereof, the lateral outlet 79 communicating with a pipe which opens into the combined water leg and steam chamber at a po1nt adyacentto the lower endot' the latter. Steam entrained with the condensate will collect in the trap 78' and pass therefrom through the conduit 80 to the combined water leg and steam dome. The condensate will pass from the lower end of the trap or catch basin 78 through a vertical conduit 81 which C0111- niunicates at its lower end with the water supply conduit 53 and the condensate thus will be returned to the coils 22 and 23. A valve 82 for controlling the flow of condensate through the conduit 81 is adapted to be operated by a laterally extending valve operating arm 83 carrying a weight 84 at its outer end and connected pivotally intermediate its length with the upper endof a vertical piston rod 85 extending from a piston 86 slidably disposed within a vertical casing 87. A steam pipe 88 which maybe controlled by a manually operable valve 89 extends from the upper part of the combined water leg and steam chamber to the lower part of the cylinder 87. being in open coinmunication with both the combined water leg; and steam chamber and the cylinder.

When the boiler is in operation, steam will pass through the pipe 88 into the cylinder 87 below the piston and will raise the latter to eliect such movement of the valve operating arm 83 as will maintain the valve 82 in open position. Steam is exhausted. from cylinder 87 through an exhaust conduit 90 whichhas a branch 91 communicating with the tank 51 and which communicates at its lower end with the upper end of the valve casing 46, as clearly shown in Figures 3 and 6. The steam pressure within all parts of the water circulatory system described in the foregoing will thus be equalized and therefore there will beno restriction of flow of water through such circulatory system. ion the boiler is not in operation, the p1s-- ton 86 will fall by gravity in the cylinder 87 to an extent sufficient to cause closing of the valve In lieu of the cylinder 87, thevalve 82 and theparls hereinbetore described as being associated with the cylinder and valve, We may provide an automatic valve such as that illustrated in Figures 10 and 11. In the construction shown therein, a vertical valve casing 92 is formed with a lateral inlet 93 intermediate its length. and adapted for connection witlra section of the conduit 81, the casing 92 also being providedwith a lateral outlet 94Lat the same height or level as the inlet and adapted for connection with the lower section of the conduit 81. A piston valve 95 has an annular groove 96 in its periphery and is pressed downwardly within the casing 92 by an expansion spring 97 arranged about the pistonstem 98 between the head of the casing and the piston valve so that the groove 96 isnormally out ofregister with the inlet and outlet. The casing 92 also has an inlet 99 at its lower end adapted for connection with a steam supply pipe 88 and anoutlet 100 also at its lower end adapted for connection with a steam exhaust pipe 90. hen the boiler is in operation, steam will enter the casing 92 and force the piston valve 95 upwardly until the groove 96 is in position to establish communication between the inlet 93 and'the outlet 94. The stem 98 carried by the piston valve 95 protrudes from the upper end of the casing and by its position indicates the position of the piston valve 95 in respect to'the level ol theinlet 98 and outlet 94.

The outer shell 2 may be provided with soot clean out openings normally closed by doors or cover plates such as indicated at 101 and 1,02. i

From the foregoing description of the various parts of the device, the operation thereof will be readily understood. It will be apparent that the means described in the foregoing for feeding water to the preheating coils will preclude the flooding of the steam chamber for any canse,'as for instance insullicient heat within the combustion chains her for the efiicient operation ol the device,-

since the quantity of water fed to the heating coils will increase as the ratio of steam to the unvaporized water resulting when a given quantity of water is ted to the preheating coil increases. minimum quantity oil water which will be fed to the preheatingcoils will be suliicient to eii'ect operation of the boiler to full capacity and to nuiintain salllicient water in the water leg around thecombustion chamber for the protection of the latter. An economy in the use of water and also in the use of fuel to provide a given ainounto l power will be etiected when our in'lproved boiler is used.

The exhaust steam entering the upper part of the valve asing 4-6 through the conduit 90 is permitted to pass through an axial bore 103 and the branches 104: of the latter to the lower part ol? the valve casing 46 and thence through the tubular housing 4-7 to the float chamber The bore 103 also is provided At the same time. the

tion chamber and arranged to discharge intothe steam and water compartment, means connecting with the water conducting coil for conducting water from a source of supplylio said coil, a valve controlling said water supply means, a float chamber extending slightly above the level of the lower end of said steam and Water compartment, a conduit lying at the level of the lower end of said steam and water compartment and connecting the latter with said-float chamber, a

float in said float chamber and adapted to rise and fall with the water in the latter, and means connecting the float and said valve, whereby the latter will be actuated in response to the rise and fall of the float within the float chamber.

2. In a boiler, a casing comprising spaced ing the lower ends of said inner and outer shells, and a jacket encompassing the inner shell in spaced relation thereto, said outer shell having a central opening in its upper end through which the upper end portion of said jacket extends, said casing being formed to provide a port extending through said inner shell and said jacket adjacent to the upper end of the former, said port communicating with the'upper part of the'space within said outer shell, and a continuous baffle concentric with said inner and outer shells and depending from the inner wall of the outer shell from a plane above the level of said port to a plane considerably below the asand for the purpose delevel of the port, scribed.

CHARLES J. CARLSON. OSCAR M. ELTON.

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