US1625638A - Engine - Google Patents

Description

April 19 1927. 1,625,638

J. B. BAYNEs "ENGINE Filed ogg. 28, 1922 8 sheets-sheet 2 Y y I 'l gmlenia April- 19`, 1927.

, J. a. BAYNEs ENGINE Filed oct. 28. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 'q A K gmlenfcmv Gimmy l.Patented Apr. y UNIT-Ev. STATE :ms n. sama? or ENGINE.

, application maremmzs, laas., serais. 597,493,

This invention relatesto foursc'ycle internal combustion engines of the type shownl inl my prior Patent Number 1,257,447, dated February 26,` 1918, and its .object is to pro- '5 vide a valve mechanism of at 'simplicity and which shall conduce to t e obtaimng'of maximum eiciency as well' as maximum` power of the engine.l

This invention consists, in combination with. an internal combustion engine cylinder provided with a'n inlet port adjacentV its head and an exhaust port adapted to b e' opened by the piston atthe end of its-workingand chargmg strokes,

valve chamber positioned adjacent the cylinder and fitted with a cylindrical 'valve provided with intake and exhaust passages and )witha 'fuel chamber wherein the major pori tions of the ex losive charges of the engine are compresse Y. l

. It alsconsists in'a valve chamber provided with an air compression/chamber, an

air-intake port therefor, a by-pass adaptedl toconnect t is air compression. chamber with the fuel chamber in the valve and with' an A exhaust port-"adapted to connectjwith' this fuel chamber.

--It :further consists -in the detailsA of con- -struction villustrated in the accompanying drawings and particularly pointed. out in In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a section'of this improved engine lon 'tudinally of the cylinder and lvalve cham r showing the piston and valve at `the positions occupied just after the beginning ofthe charging stroke-. Fig.

2 is a similar section showingthe parts just after the middle of the compression stroke.

Fig'. 3 is a similar` section just after .the beginning of the working stroke. Fig. 4. is a similar section ofthe engine at the end of the working stroke. Fig. .5 is a similar s ection showing the parts just after the middle of thescavenging stroke, Fi 6, 7 Vand'8 are diagrams of lthe upper e aust ports of Similar reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views.,4

The crank case of this engine comprises connects to the power cylinder and tothe.

valve chamber 4 which may be integral withthe power cylinder if desired. other construction of crank case and power cylinder 'may be used. The power cylinder 1i formed with an upperor 'outer port and of a cylindrical the lower part 1 and theupper part 2 whicl with a lower or inner port 6, the former being both an intake and exhaust port, whilev the later is merely' an exhaust port. Within the cyhnder 1s a piston 7 having a pin 8 on Par-ENT' omer..

-which the connecting rod Q is mounted, the

lower end. of the-connecting rod engaging the crank pin 10 on the crank 11 of the main shaft 40 of the engine. The cylinder has a head 12 extending into the cylinder and any desired clearance maybe had'betw'een itand the piston 7, but a minimum clearance is 'desirable as more thorough' scavenin'g is possi-` ble-with small clearance. Y

dotted lines and carries the crank pin. 14-t'o which .the valve rod 15 .is connected. This shaft is driven 'in the same orl o posite direc-1 tion as the main shaft at hal its'speed in any desired manner. The `upper end of' this valve rod 1'5 attaches to the pin 19 mounted in the valve which consistsiof the connected Vparts 20, 21, 22 and 23. rThe lead of the `valve Acrank pin 14 is shown to be about v52 degrees relative to the crank' pin' 10 in-Fig.' 4, but'this lead may be varied as experience' dictates. "y-

The valve chamber .is-formed with an'air intake port 16, an upper exhaust port v17,

which preferably is divided into separate opemng's'as indlcated in Figs. 6,7 and 8, a

` lower exhaust port 25, a fuel intake port 24, j

f and with a by-pass 26 in its wall at its upper end for air whichis compressed in the upper y end of this chamber below thehead 27.

The-valve is generally cylindrical with a' passage 30 for the fuel, a fuel-compression chamber 31 and an exhaustpassage 32. While the chamber 31`and` passages 30 and .32, arel shown to beannular, they may be ofl any other desiredfform or proportions.

exhaust pipe' 35 is shown connected to the valve chamber'over the ports 17 The -operation of this engine is as follows.

Operation...)

When the parts are in the position shown in Fig,v 1 an the engine is in operation, the piston 7 is descendin about the upper en -of its travel, the `passage 30 having connected the cylinder port 5 vand the valve 20"is at with the fuel port 24 at abontthe timer-.he Il. l

char toi.

4the admission of the the piston moves gases flows through the ports 6 connect immediately before the piston begins i to move down. Or the timing of the valve and piston may be changed a little so as to open this port immediately before the piston begins to move down and still leave thesame sequence of events. The passage 30 is therefore said to connect the cylindero port 5 with the fuel port 24 at about the time the piston begins to move down.

The cylinder becomes charged with fuel while the valve completes its upward movement and begins to move down, the connection between the ports 5 and 24 continuing until just about the time the piston has reached the end of its charging stroke, at which time there is practically no outward movement ot the piston while the valve is moving down at nearly maximum speed. Therefore, before the inertia of the inflowing fuel has been overcome by the filling of the cylinder and the upward movement of the piston 7, the valve has closed the port 5 so that compression of the charge may begin.

At about the 0beginning of the compression stroke the valve has moved down sullicieutly to connect the fuel chamber 31 with the port 5, and as a result the fuel becomes compressed in this chamber, after which the charge is exploded. The valve begins to move upward just afterthebeginningof the working stroke and the compression chamer 31 remains connected with the working cylinder during the entire Working stroke, shown in Fig. 4, so that the expansion of the ignited fuel in the chamber 31 may have itsv full effect on the piston 7.

1When the piston is at the lower-end of the charging stroke, the exhaust port 6 is covered by the valve, but at the end of the working stroke (Fig. 4) the exhaust ports 6 and 25 register with the exhaust' passage 32 in the valve. f

The charge is ignited just after the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 2, depending upon the speed of the engine, and down under the pressure of the ignited charge. .The valve moves down a short distance and then up until the parts are as shown in Fig. 4, at which time the piston has completed its working stroke and opened the port 6, which permits most of the burnt gases in the cylinder and in the fuel chamber 31 to flow out through the passage 32. The major portion of the burnt and 25 and the passage 32 to the atmosphere, but the re mainingportion is expelled from the'cylinder during the upward stroke of the piston into the fuel Vchamber 31. The momentum of lthe burnt gas as it rt 5, compression c amber and ports 17 1s such that but a slight amount is left in the cylinder and in these. passages. The removal of substantially allthe burnt gases before fuel results in practiasses out through the cally pure fuel in the cylinder at the instant of the explosion which insures maximum power, not only because of full volume of the cylinder being utilized but also because of the tendency to stifie the flame and to cause slow burning of the fuel. This is particularly important in high speed engines Where the duration of the working stroke is often only 1/120 of a second. At the end of the scavenging stroke of the piston 7 the part 22 of `the valve covers the port 5 of the cylinder 3 and continued movement of the piston connects the fuel passage 32 to this port. y

During the downward travelof the valve, its upper end causes a partial vacuum in the upper part of the valve chamber. lrVhen the valve'4 reaches the lower end of its stroke the part 23 of the valve uncovers the air passage or port16 so that the chamber above it becomes filled during the upward movement of the valve. llhen the parts reach the positions shown in absence of inert gases which have a B5 and this air is compressed Fig. 1, the air compressed in this chamber escapes into the fuel chamber 31 through the by-passes 26 and forces out what little remaining burnt gases there may be therein through the passages 17.

The Working cylinder is therefore in connection with the fuel inlet port 24 during the entire charging stroke and is connected with the compression chamber 31 during 1 the compression, Working and scavenging strokes. The socket for the spark plug 39 may connect to the compression chamber at the end of the compression and beginning of the working strokes or may be mounted in any other convenient manner. The compression -chamber 31 connects to the upper exhaust ports 17` during tire scavenging stroke and during much of the charging stroke, but during the char 'ng stroke this chamber is disconnected rom the working cylinder.

Instead of a single passage, I refer a group of ports 17 for the final disc arge of practically the enlill:

the exhaust and these may be arranged in any desired manner, three arrangements shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8 being' examples.

It will be observed that the volume of the fuel-compression chamber may be varied by increasing or decreasing the diameter of 'the connection 23 between the parts 22 and 23 of the valve. Also that the upper air compression chamber 26 or the lower exhaust port 6 and the passages 32 and 25 or both the chamber 26 and the lower exhaust may be omitted, but the eiciency of the engine will be reduced thereby. 'Engines with these omissions may be constructed at somewhat less expense. 4

The weight of engines constructed according to the accompanying drawings" may be considerably less than those of the same horsepower of the-present accepted four cymamas `cle types The necessity of frequent grind-- 1. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a 'cylinder and a piston therein, a valve chamber adjacent to and connected to the cylinder by a plurality of ports, one of which is opened by the piston -when at the inner en'd of its stroke to perv mit initial exhaust andthe other ort being at the opposite end of the cylin er, to admit fuel and permit complete exhaust, said valve chamber also having outer and innery exhaust, orts and an inlet portbetween them, an a .valve slidable in the chamber and provided with assages to connect the inner port of the cylinder with` the inner exhaust port of the valve chamber and to cona port at each end of its working chamber,

a valve chamber adjacent the cylinder and rconnect/ed thereto by said ports 4,and having two exhaust` orts and an intake ort for fuel, a valve slidable in the .cham er and f Ahaving an exhaust passage, a fuel passage and a chamber to receive thez'explosive charge 'fof the engine and which acts as'an exhaust passage during the scavenging stroke of the engine.

-5. In an internal colnbustion'engine, the combination of a cylinder having a port at each end of its working chamber, a piston therein adapted to open said ports, a valve chamber connecting'to said cylinder by said ports and having an air compression chamber at`one end, an air inlet port for saidt ait compression chamber, two exhaust orts and a fuel intake port, and a valve sli able in the valve chamber having an exhaust passage adapted to connect one of the cylinder ports to one of the exhaust ports of the valve chamber and having a fuel passage adaplted to connect the second cylinder port to t e fuel intake 'port of the' valve cham- A nect the other port of the cylinder `with thegel and 11150 having a Chamber adpfed` t adapted to 'connect' the ports of t e engine which arel res ectivel inlet port and the outer exhaust ort of the [valve chamber alternately, and with a chamber to receive a of the engine..

2. In an internal combustidn engine, the combination of a c linder an'd a piston therein, a valve cham r adjacent to the cylinder and connected tothe cylinder by two ports which are respectively at the ends of the workin .chamber of the cylinder, said portion of the'exhaust gases valve cham r having a plurality of exhaust ports and a yfuel-intake port, and a valve slidable in saidchamber and having a series of passages, two of the passa es being to the exhaust portsv of the valve chamber and a third to connect one of the engine orts a saidfuel intake port ofthe valve c am- 43. In' an internal combustion engine, the combination-of a cylinder and a piston therein, a valve chamber 'adjacent to the cylinder and connected to the cylinder ,by two arts atthe ends o working. cham 'r of t e cylinder, sai'd valve l chamber having a plurality of exhaust` orts y sages, two of the'passages `haast ports o and a Afuel intake port, and a .valve sli able a series of4 asing aflegt to ports of the en 'ne tot e exthe valve cham r and a third to connect one of the engine 'ports to said fuel intake rt of the valvechamber, said in said chamber and havin connect the ffvalve cham r having an additional port communicating-1 with the at here and a in its wall to provide or the complete removal of the bnrntgases.

4'. Inl a`four-'cycle internal combustion en- #6 gine, 'combinationiof a cylinder-,having the 4during the 'compressiomvwor connect to said second engine port to receive fuel from the "cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston and to remain connected to said port'during the working stroke of the pisto said fuel chamberconnecting to the second xhaust port of the valve chamber during and after the scavenging stroke of the piston, said valve chamber havinga passage to conduct air fr'om the air-compression chamber to said fuel chamber in` the valve while connected to said second'exhaust port.

6. In a four-cycle internal combustion envcates with. said port during the compression,

working and scavenging strokes lof the piston, said valve having'an exhaust port with which said fuel chamber-communicates 'during` the scavenging'stroke of. the piston. c

7. In a four-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of -a cylinder`- and a piston therein,y a valve chamber adjacent thereto and connectedto the cylinder by a port at the outer endof the cylinder, a valve slidable in thechamber and having 'a passage to connect theport to a source of fuel supply during the charging stroke of the vpiston and also having final-compression,"

chamber which communicates-with said port and scavengmg strokes, a crank shaft an connect rod connecting to the piston, c n 1&0

shaft und connecting rod connecting to the valve, the vulvecrank shaft rotating at half the speed of the other, said valve having an exhaust port With which, seid compression chamber communicates during the scavenging stroke, and n spark plug mounted in the wall ot' the vulve chamber in alinement with said compression chamber when the piston' is at the end of the cdmprcssion stroke.

8. In n four-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of a. cylinder and :i piston therein, a valve chamber adjacent thereto und connected to the cylinder by a port at the outer end of the cylinder, a. valve slid-` uble in the chamber and having a passage to connect the port to a source of fuel supply durinv the charging stroke of the piston :1nd also having :L fuel-compression chamber which communicates with said port during the compression, working and scavenging strokes, a crunk shaft and connecting rod speed of the other, said valve having an ex haust port with which said compression chamber communicates during the scavenging stroke, und a spark plug mounted in the wall of the valve chamber 'in alinement with said compression chamber when the piston is :it the end of the compre:sion.stroke, the outer end of the valve chamber being closed to constitute an air-compression chamber, said -vnlve having a by-pats to permit the air compressed therein to How into 2the fuelcompression chmber at the end of the outward movement of the valve and having an nir inlet port to communicate with the aircompression chamber when the valve is at the end of its inward movement.

JAMES ,13. BAYNEQz

Images