US1618570A

US1618570A - Gyroscopic stabilizer

Info

Publication number: US1618570A
Application number: US146321A
Authority: US
Inventors: Alexander S Chessin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1917-02-03
Filing date: 1917-02-03
Publication date: 1927-02-22
Anticipated expiration: 1944-02-22

Description

Feb. 22 1927.

A. S. CHESSIN GYROSCOPIC STABILIZER Filed Feb. 5, 19]. 7 2 Sheets-Sheet l ffV W ,4 TTOR/VEY Patented Feb. 22, lee?.

reiste? ALEXANDER S. CHESSN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

G-YROSCOPIC STABLIZER.

Application filed February 3, 1917.

My invention relates to devices for steadying bodies subject to swinging, rolling, or other oscillating motions or disturbances, and has for its object to provide an im proved, eniciently operating stabilizerv of the gyroscopic type. i

rlwo speciiic embodiments of my invention will now be described with reference tothe accompanying drawings, and the novel features will then be pointed out in the appended claims.

In said drawings, Fig. l is a Somewhat diagrammatic elevation showing one form of my improved stabilizer, with parts in section; Fig. 2 is a plan view, with a diagram ot the electrical connections; Fig. 3 is a detail longitudinal vertical section of one of the electromagnetic clutches employed in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4l is a fragmentary elevation, with parts in section, showing another form of my invention; Fig. 5 is a partial section taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4i; and Figs. 6 and 7 are detail tace views illustrating certain contacts used in conjunction with the forms of my invent-ion shown in Figs. l to 3 and 4 and 5 respectively.

Referring particularly to the form of my invention illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6, A designates an axle or fulcrum stationar7 relatively to the body (say, a ships hull) to be steadied; generally, this axle or ulcrum will be normaly horizontal and will extend in the longitudinal central plane ot the ship or other body. On this axle or fulcrum is mounted the carrier B, which in the arrangement inst referred to will there-k fore be capable of swinging in a transverse plane. ns shown, theupper ends ot the cardo' rier are made with alining bearings B, horizontal in the normal position, illustrated, and receiving transverse alining trunnions C projected from opposite ends of a frame C. In this trame a gyroscopic rotor D is supported with its spindle D to turn about an axis which is perpendicular tothe axis olf the trunnions C and intersects the fulcrum axis A as well as the axis ot said trunnions (or of the bearingsB). rlhe axis 01c the trunnions C lies in a plane perpendicular to thefulcrum axis A. fr universal or Cardanic connection thus exists between the frame C andthe body carrying the fulcrum A. The detail construction ot the rotor D and the means 'for operating it, being Welllniown in the art, have notl been shown in Serial No. 145,321.

the drawings; as a rule, an electrically actuated rotor is preferred. @t course, this gyroscopic rotor will be made of proper dimensions to produce the desired steadying effec-t, it being understood that the swing.

ing motions of the bony to which the device is attached, will set up reactions by the gyro'- scopic rotor D tending to restore such body to its normal posi ion, in accordance With well-established principles.

ln order to control the gyroscopic elfect of the device, l have provided a special actuating clutch mechanism in connection With the trunnions C, which mechanism comprises an operating member on each side, in axial alinement with the respective trunnions C. ln the embodiment of my invention illustrated by Figs. l, 2, 3, and 6, each of the trunnions C carries rigidlyan operating pulley E and a counterbalancing pulley E. Each orn the operating pulleys E is connected by a (normally horizontal) belt F with an actuating pulley G, made Wholly or partly ot iron or other magnetizable material, so that the said pulley may serve as an armature to be attracted by one or the other of two electromagnets H, H between which said pulley G is located. The pulley is not only adapted to rotate about its axis, but is also capable of al longitudinal sliding movement toward one or the other of said electromagnets. ln the particular construction shown, the pulley G is mounted to slide and to turn on a stationary sleeve J secured to the core or hub of the stationary electromagnet H, and is normally held in a central position between the two electromagnets, by coiled springs K. rllhrough the electromagnets H, H and through the sleev J extends the drive shaft L, rotated permanently in any suit-able manner, and upon this shaft is secured rigidly, as by means of a key, the rotary electromagnet H. The opposing faces of the pulley G and of the electromagnets H, H are suitably shaped (and lined, if desired) to form clutch surfaces; in the particular case illustrated, these surfaces are conical. To prevent sticking of the pulley or armature owing to remanent magnetism, the clutch surfaces of the two electroinagnets may be on cover-plates h, 7L of non-magnetizable inaterial, and direct `contact may be avoided between the armature and the magnetizable portions or annular cores of the two electromagnets. The electromagnet coils l-l, H2 are preferably coaxial With `driving belt F on one f the drive shatt L. One end oit eaeh eoil ll, H2 is shown connected with `the eore o t the respeetive niagnety and tllrouirh it :ind the shaft L, with the 'traine or beariiur fil in which said shatt journaled; the other end of eaoh oeil lil ll2 ie' eonneeted Willi an (insulated) binding poet h', lli" reeyiei'tively. Eaoh ot the oounterlmlaneioir null eonneeted by a ('i'iornially horii il F with an idler pulley (l jonrni Aed in mit able Stationary brachen-i "l". rlfhe objert et the pulleys E@ and belt l1" -inzgily lo balance or neutralize the nul exerted by the de ot' the annotatie-5 or the other, whichever belt imbottite to be in operation. Normally (with the onerirtingf pulleys G in the position ebown in Figi', il the belts F are free, but onder eertznn eonditions, as described hereii'iatten one pelli f G or the other ie thrown into eluteb enejzrnient with the rotary eleciroimnijnrt ll." fuijaeent to it, and in this ease the correi-spoinh ing belt F beeoniee operative :is described below.

Each of the trunnione C carrier: rigidly a` Contact strip or brush l?, ineniated troni the trnnnion, as by a sleeve l. lhis brutali is adapted to engage two eegrinental contactplates Q, Q (see Fie'. (l)y the Snare between said plates being preferably a little wider than the brush l), so as to break 'the eontaot between the brush and one plate betere the brush engages the other plate in paesini; from one plate to the other. The lilatee Q, Q are stationary, being carried by erinnerte R inode oit rubber or other insulating inaterial. The cont-eet plates Q, Q," are prorided with binding posts S, S ieetirelyg` end are set` :Hush in the supporte il. llnirai'inir nienibers T, preferably nitide yielding', :lor instance by ineens et fiprines l are adapted to be engaged by the carrier PiT and specilieally by the bearings B', et the Haine time that the brushes lf engage the reeneetire Contacts Q, Q', thus relieving); the seid een taets from undue pre nre. The supports l may be inclined slightly, as indieated (minewhat exaggerated) in Fine. i :1nd il1 :lo mi to be approximately perpendienlar to the position ot' the respective trnnnion C at the time the brush l?` engages the conta/ete Q or Q.

Broedly speaking. 'it is deeired to have th apparatus operate in euch a manner the when the brush l) engages the ront-act il the corresponding rotaryelectroniamiet ll will be energized so :is to attract the arninture or pulley G and cause it to rotate. the uietion beiner transmitted by the belt lil to the pulley E so ne to swine; the 'ti-eine@ about the axis of the trunnions C. Should the brush I? be arried beyond the eontaet t). and pass onto the eontaet Q, thie n'ill emilie the closing ot another eireuit to enerilae the stationary eleetroniagnet H so ne not relegato only to unelnteh the `Willey G troni the ro- 'te ry eleetroinagnet l-l, but to loch such pnlley positively against rotation, by its engrregren'ient with Said stationary eleetroinae; net. ln the drawings, l have shown an ai raiufenient in which the circuit olor-ted by the brush l doee not include the coils H, H2 ot the leleetrolnagnets H, I-l'l respectively, but includes relays eoi'itrolling separate energizing; circuits; thus l ain enabled to use a stronger current tor ener-griZing;` the eleetroinagnete than the current employed in the brush circuit. In Fig. 3, I have shown tl e binding* post N connected by a wire a, with another binding;r poet N on a rien; V secured rigidly to the rotary electroinagnet H but ineulatml therefrom, said ring; being in permanent engagement with a stationery Contact spring lV carried by the bearing' M but insulated.tl'ierelronn and provided with a binding` post lll.

rlfhe electrical connections may be ar ranged as indicated diagrannnatically in Fig. From one terminal ot the battery K wires Zi, o lead to the respective brushes or Contactmakers (Switches) P. The other battery pole has tour connections or Wires e, oj c and c* leadingl to relays Y. Y', Y, and Y* respectively. The Wires c and c* are connected with the Contact platters or eer'- niente Q at the respective sides of the appartiture. The other wires,` o and c, are connected with a doublepole switch Z, by means ot which said Wires may be oonneeteih simultaneously, with Wires (Z and a" resipertirely` connected with the contact niente Q at the respective sides ot the deyiee. Each oi the 'tour relays is adapted to elose, when energizedi a eireuit including the coil ltl or H2 et one ot the :tour electro` magnets Ht H. For this pnrpoee`r eaeh ot the relays. when energized. will connect a eontaet (n e, 0). c* ret-ipertiyely, with another Contact 7"'. f. f, f* respectively. `he contacte c. e are connected by Wires Vr/` y reeiieetively, with the binding poets N ot the respective (stationary) eleetroinaenet coils ll". Similarly, the contacts e', e* are con heeled by Wireil y', [ft respectively. with the binding poete; lll oi the tu'o Contact springs llt'. The contacte f@ f` f* are connected by Wires i', i', i, i* respectively with one pole ot a source ot' electricity, Ytor instance a main j Connected my, with the ships dyininio. Frein the other niain j Wires lf, lead to the two bearings or trainee M.

Tilhen. owing' to :i tranerer swing ot the earrier lh the brui-1h or contect Strip l on one side ot the apparatus if` brought into engagement `with the condnet-ing.;l leegfrnient or plate (ilJ on that f-:ide (the brush being nornially in registry with the upper end ot' euch intent` see Fig. Q). the eireuit ot the bati .y )i will be eloeed. :my through l), l. Q. end e. The relay Y heini;` time energized,

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will establish an electrical connection between the conta-cts e and f, thus closing the following circuit: Main j, wire i', contacts f, e, wire g', contact spring lV, ring V, post N, wire a, post N', coil H2 oi'i the corresponding rotary electromagnet H, core ot said electromagnet, s iatt L, bearing hl, wire.

k, and thus bach to the other main The electromagnct H being thus energized, will attract the armature or pulley G and couple it Vwith the said rotating electromagnet. Through the medium of the belt F the pulley E will be operated to turn the trame C with the gyroscopic rotor D about the axis ot' the bearings B', thereoy automatically producing a. definite precession ot the rotor D, this'particular precessionl last-ing until the contact b-etween P and Q, is broken. The breaking ot this contact may occur either owing to the return transverse swing of the carrier B about the aXis A (which will be the case generally), or owing to the fact that the' swinging or turning ot the trame C about the axis or' the bearings B will carry the brush P beyond the lower -edge ot the contact segment Q; and into engagementv with the non-conducting or insulated support R. The purpose of the support R is partly to carry the conducting segments Q and Qf, and partly to provide an extended bearing surface, flush with said segments, on which the brush P may pass when it goes beyond the edge ot one ot said segments, so that the brush F can readily return to a position facing the conducting .segment Q.. As soon as contactis broken between l) and Q, the corresponding magnet H is cle-energized, and the springs l will bring the operating pulley G to the disengaged position shown in 3. From that time on, the swing of the frame C is due exclusively to the action ot the engage ing member T. The precession due to the action oic this member T is also automatic but generally ot different magnitude trom the precession due to the action ct the belt F. ln Letters Patent of the United States No. 1,134,439 issued to me on April 6th, 1915, I have referred to the precession due to the action of an engaging member such as T, as the normal precession. @n the other hand, the precession due tothe action of the driving belt F need not be normal, but is controlled automatically, andthe speed ot athis precession may be made greater or smaller than normal, by properly adjusting or selecting the velocity at which the shafts L and electromagnets l-l rotate. rlhus this precession is not only absolutely under control, but its speed may be predetermined'to comply with variable conditions. ln practice, the Iswinging of the 'frame C should be limited to comparatively small angles, represented substantially bythe ent-ent of the conducting segments Q. This is accomplished readily by regulating correspondingly, ythe speed of the rotating shafts L and electromagnets lil. However, under unusual circumstances, the reactive torce of the stabilizer may be insuiiicient, and in such cases it may be advisable to hold the traine C against turning about they axis ot the bearings B until the unusual disturbance has passed. |The locking device employed tor this purpose is operated, in the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6, whenever the swing ot the frame C about the trunnions C is sufficient to carry the brush l? not only beyond the lower edge of the upper segment Q, but into contact with the lower segment Q. When this occurs, the following circuit will be closed: Battery X, wires c, Z (the switch Z being in the closed posi tion, and not in the open position appearing in Fig. 2), conducting segment Q, brush P, and bac-lr to the battery through the wire o. ln passing through the wire c, the current energizes the relay Y, .so as to establish on electrical conection between the contacts e, ,t and thus close the following circuit: Main y', wire z, contacts 7 and e, wire g, binding post N and coil H ot the corresponding stationary electromagnet H, core ot said magnet, shaft L, bearing M, and back to the other main j throughthe *ire 7s. Y The electromagnet H being thus energized, will attract the pull-ey G and bring it into engagement with the clutching or locking surtace of the magnet, thus holding th-e pulley against rotation, and since this will also positively stop the movement ot the belt F, the pulley E and the frame C will be held against turning about the aXiQ ot the bearings B.` The pulley G will not be released trom the magnet H until the brush P comes out ot engagement with the conducting segment Q; the lett-hand springK (Fig. 3) will then restore said pulley to the normal central position and leave the pulley E and trame C tree to turn about the axis of the bearings B. lt for any reason it is desired to dispense with the locking action controlled by the electromagnet H, the switch Z is brought to the open position shown in Fig. 2, in which case the action will be just as it the segments Q, electromagnets H, and the electrical connections ot such stationary electromagnets were @t course, it' the locking action is not desired at all, the segments Q, electromagnets H, and the wires, etc., connected with said electromagnets could be omitted altogether. By providing the switch Z (located on the captains bridge or at any other convenient point of the ship), am enabled to use the apparatus either with or without the locking action, as desired. As will be seen in Fig. 2, the conducting segments Q, QJ are arranged reversely on the two sides of the apparatus, andthe two shafts L ro omitted. y

tote in opposite directions, so that the drive belts F on the two sides will more in opposite directions :is indicated. Ot course, only one ot' the belts F will be operative it ii tinie.

,ln the construction deecrilied tiliove. the current flowing through the briislieii l) iii; not the iiiiiiie iis the one thiit eiiergixes the eleetroiiingnets ll', Il. biil ot course thiS in not. erselitiiil to hij.' iiiventioi'i, :ind the sinne current ('t'liiit in. the oui-rent ol" the buttery X) iiiight be need to ene/f ze the electro niiignets. .ln this wise, the :ipiiiiriitiin would be. siiiiiilitied greiitly. ,winne l would oiiiit the reliilw Y. Y Y, oleo the wires4 @i ci: (in: *i* @ff i fri ,7H/i juli .Ci/i t/,i g, g*. i, 'i'. i". it. j, j. :ind lf.. ln eddit-ion, there would lie substituted the following connectione: liliieli ot the coiidiietingl segments Q would be connected with the corresponding contiict spring lV; euch et the` hearings M would he connected with the batter)T X on the side opposite to thiit connected, with the wires 7i. o. :ind the two nienibers or terininiilgv oit' the switch Z would be connected with the binding poets N ol" the Stationary electioiiiiigiiets.` ll. The oper :ition would lie inilietzintiiilljrw the sinne ai` deY Iscribed above, except that the contact ot one of the brushes; P with the seiinient Q (or O7 with the switch Z eloeedl would energize. the corresiionding iiiiigiiet Il or H respectively) directly, without tiny relay action.

The lower part of the trziiiie (l. :is ifhown in Fig. l, niiiy be IQonieiiluit heavier than its upper part. so :is to gire the tronic :i tendency to grfivitiite to i definite noriiiiil position.

In the forni ot niv invention illustrated by Figs. et, 5, :ind 7, the ports A. l, B. C, D. D".` R, S. T. ll. P. P. Q. nre exactly the Sinne as' in the forni lirstl described. :ind rliiii'e therefore been Shown oni),7 in piiit. the support R carries only one conducting segment, Q. The extended trunnioni; C nre adopted to engage. when the ship or other body `swings transversely, :i socket m. located :it eiich side of the apparatus. in Such ii i'ioition :is to ziline with .said trunnion nt the tinie of engaging it. Siiid socket fm, secured rigidlyVT to stationery supporte fn, n', :ind is tornied :it the end ot ii iliiii in. carrying); :i stationary thinged sleeve o. with its end iiliite o. On this Sleeve :ire iiioiinted loosely the nulle)T El" nud the riitehet. wheel yi rigidly secured to Suid pulley. A conistiintlwY moving belt F", driven `in :my Siiitiilile iiizinner, causes the pulley E sind the ratchet. y) to rotate constantly. the two belle1 F zit the opposite sides ot the iippziriiliis traveling iii oiiiposite directionii. just :is indiciited for the belts F in F ig. The teeth ot eiieh ot the ratchet wheels i tit being understood that the :irriingeiiient shown in Fig. 4 is provided et the other side of the a A i rf r: o (il,

iippziriitiis zilo) :ire zidiiptei'l .it'or drivingr engiigeinei'it with zi pziwl Ar; pii'oted. :it r upon :in :irin or brochet r secured rigidly to the adjacent trunnion C. One end ot the pziwl is driiwn towiird the noriiiiil, raised position Shown in li`ig. 5. by the iiction of :i spring s, the other end ot the piiwl entries :in :irnintiire r/ adopted to be iittriicted (against the action ot the .spring s) by :in electronnignet H3 carried b i' Suid zirni r. lllires t. t iesiiiectiveli' connect' the two teiiiiinzils ot the iiiiigiiet coil, with the brush l) :ind one `pole oi ii eource ot electricity X reepeetir the other pole ot said sourceot eleetriiity (buttery) being connected by ii wire t with the binding post S o the conducting segment Q lllhciiii transverse swing ot the ship or other body to which the apparatus is iittzu-hed, brings the socket fm. into zixiiil olineii'iont with the iidjiicent trunnion C, and `liglitli7 betere thin nionient establishes contoot between the bros-h l) and the conducting riegiiient Q. the :following :ietion tziltes pince: lili-St. the eiii'ient ot the buttery X is Sent through the circuit ot the electroinzignet, 'troni one pole to wire if. segment Q, brush l?, wire t. eleetron'iiignet H3. :ind beck to the luittery through the wire t. The nuignet being thus enei i'ized. the pziwl y is brought :troni the position elioii'n in t'iill lines (Fig. o) to that indicated by dotted lines. It: the iiiiwl ren'iiiined in the iioiiition shownii'i :tiill lines, it would never be in nienh with the teeth of the ratchet y), even when the trunnioii C is entirely within the socket m;

Fig. shows the triiniiion C in n position Shortly betere it conies; into engagement with the bottoni olf the socket m, and the dotted linee indicate clearly,7 that the pziwl o, when iittriicted by the electroniiignet H3, will he projected into the path ot the rotaia ing rzitchet teeth. so :iS to couple Suid wheel yi with the zirni i'. the trunnion C, sind the 'tranne (l. to produce iii'ecession with the ienne etlect is described in connection with the torni ot my invention Shown in Figs. l, 2. 5l. :ind (l. As the. ship or other hotly swings boch' to the norinzil position. the trunnioii C :ind Socket. in. will come out ot contact, iind :it the Sonie time the brush l? will conie out ot contact with the .Gegnicnt Q, so thiit the magnet ll?" will beconie deenergized. The zi wl o will thun liecoine diev engaged i''roiii the rotcliet wheel yiriso that during the return Swing, the iii'eceseion will lie due no longer to the :iction ot the pooitiveli' driven ratchet wheel y). but to the engaging ineiiilier T. in :i iiuiiiiiei siiiiilzir to the one dtwcribed in connection with Figs. l. 3,. :ind (i. The insulating sleeve P employed iii connection with the brush l. in eiicli ol the coi'iiitruetione illustrated, iS not iilirolutelyY essentiel. einen the wire connected with the brush inight Simply lend to the 1. In a. body capableof oscillation, the

combination, with a gyroscope structure movably connected thereto, of an operating device comprising a. driven member carried by said structure, a driving membeigand electrically controlled means brought into action by the swinging of the body, for establishing an operating connection between said members.

2. The combination with al body, of a gy roscope structure capable of a swinging movement relatively thereto, a driven member carried by said structure, a driving member carried by the body, and electrically controlled means for establishing an operating connection between said driving` and said driven members.

'Ihe combination with a gyroscope and a swinging support therefor, of al member carried by said support and adapted to be driven with the gyroscope about an axis other than the gyroscopes axis of spin, a driving member, and electrically controlled means for establishing an operating connection between said members.

e. In a devicek for stabilizing a body, a gyroscope structure capable of a swinging movement relatively thereto, a driven mem ber ca "ried by said structure, a driving member, and a clutch, brought into act-ion by the tendency ofthe body to deviate from its position of equilibrium', for establishing an operating connection between said driv ing and said driven members.

In a body subject to angular deviations, a. structure capable of ay swinging movement relatively to the said body and comprising a frame and a gyroscope mounted therein, a member rotatable with said frame, a driving member normally out of engagement with said rotatable member, and electrically controlled means, brought into action by the angular devia-tion ofthe body, for establishing an operating connection between said driving and said rotatable members.

6. In a. body to be stabilized, a structure capable of a swinging movement rela-tively thereto, a gyroscope mounted in said structure, moving devices adapted tosco-operate with said gyroscope, which moving devices are partly carried by the said structure and partly by the body, said moving devices being normally out of operative-'engagement with one another, and electrically controlled means forV e'iecting such engagement.

7. In a. body subject to angular devia-tions, a. structure capable of a swinging movement relatively to the said body, a gyroscope mounted in said structure,moving devices adapted to co-operate with said gyroscope, said moving devices being carried by the body and normally out of operative enga-gement with the said structure, and electrically controlled means for effecting such engagement.

8. In a. gyroscopic stabilizer of a body, a structure capable of a. swinging mov-ement relatively tothe said body, a gyroscope mounted on said structure, moving devices adapted to co-operate with said gyroscope, said moving devices being carried by the body and normally out of operative enga-gement with said structure, and a clutch for effecting suoli engagement.

9. In a'body subject to angular deviations, a structure capable of a swinging movement relatively thereto and comprising a gyroscope, and electrically controlled means adapted to engage said structure as the body tends vto deviate from its normal position. to produce precession of the said gyroscope.

10. In a body subject to angular deviations, the combination with a structure capable of a swinging movement relatively thereto and comprising a gyroscope mounted for precession at a right angle to said swinging movement, of an electrical device responsive to the angular deviations of the said body, and continuously actuated means, controlled by the said device, for producing precession of predetermined speed.

iljIn abody Asubject to angular 'deviations, a structure capable of a .Swinging movement relatively thereto and comprising a gyroscope mounted for precession at aright angle to said swinging movement, a device responsive to the angular deviations ot the said body, and electricallyy controlled means, co-operating with said device, for producing precession of predetermined speed.

12. In a gyroscopic stabilizer of a body comprising a. gyroscope having three degrees of rotational freedom, continuously actuated., electrically controlled, means for producing precession, and means, responsive. to said precession, for exerting al stabilizing couple on the said body.

13. In a .body subject to angular devia.- tions, al structure capable of ay swinging movement relatively thereto and comprising a gyroscope, electrically controlled means for producing precession of the said gyroscope, and means for regulating said precession.

14. In a gyroscopic stabilizer, .of a body comprising a gyroscope having threedegrees of rotational i'reedon'i, oontimlously actuated. eleiftrieally eoi'itrolleifl, minne lor producing' preeeseion, said .means being` automatieallv responsive to the Sivingimij movement ot the body, and means tor regulating the said preeession. i

lli. ln a body subject to tiene, a` etrueture capable olf a swinging nnivoineut relatively thereto and Comprising a gyroseope, an electrically eontrolledilev iee reanonsive to the angular deviations ot' the body, and indepeiulentlv actuated means, tio-operating with said device, Alor producingl preeession olf the n vroeeope.

16. In a body,v to be stabilized, a gyroseope Struetnre capable oi a Swinging movement relatively thereto, driving meinbera carried by the said body, elertrieallv eontrolled meann :tor bringing" aaid driving members into operative eng: nient with the said Structure, and menne` tor aetuating said driving members.

17. In a hotly eubjeet to angular deviations, a. stirnrture niovabl)T emineeted thereto and comprising a gyroeeope, actuating members carried by' the said body, and eleetrieallv eolntrollml menne, reeiioneive to the angular deviatioir-= oi" the aaid body, 'lior bringing said aetnutingr members; into operative engagement with portions; of the eaid Street-ure.

The rombination with a body, ot a `gymseope miiiieeted therewith in eneh a manner as to give the `y'oeeoiie rotor three degrees of rotational i'reedoin relatively to the Said body, one et said degrees ol: rotational lreedom beine; limited, and eleetlrieallv controlled in for preilut-ine` procession of the said grifo-leone an the limit ot said limited degree oi? relational treedoui is reached.

19. The eombiimtion with a hiiidy, of a. gyroiieope poeeeaeing three flog-rees oi: rotational lreedtnu"relativeliY thereto, one ol l@aid degrees olf rotational l'reedoni being;l limited, means for produeiniiy nrereeafion et' the said evroeeono as the limit ot said limited degree ot rotational freedom ie reached, aA oluteh niieehanisin tor eontrollingr,` Said mean-i, and menne for actuating; @aid eluteli meehaniem.

20. ln a hodjir eihlieet to anfgnlar devia! tions, a strl'ieture having a limited degree ol rotational il`reedoni relatively thereto and eoinprising; a immersione, moana ioi tiredneing procession ot the aairl rtree-rope :te the limit oil? said degree oli freedom is reached, a elnteh mechanism lor ernilrolline; eaid means, and means .responsive to the engin lar deviationI ol the bi'nljf, lor ontoinatieallv Controlling Said eluteh ineelnniiein.

2l. The combination with a body, ol a gyroseope spinning; ahont one olf ite aree, adapted to process; abolita eeeend axle, and having a limited degree ol ri'itationnl fret an g'nlar devia teramo domabout a third arie, and eleetrieally Controlled means ior producing preeeesion of the Said gyroseope about Said second axis as the limit ot :laid rotational ilreedou'i is reached.

The combination with a body, of a gyroeeone spinning,` about one ot it.; axes, adapted to procese about a second axis, and having a limited degree of rotational freedom about a third axis, means for prodneing preeeseion oi the said grifoseope as the limit of said rotational freedom is reached, a. eluteh for controlling said means, and mean@v :for regulatinel said lnfeeesfsion.

255. In a bodyr Subject to angular deviations, a etrizetnre having a limited degree of rotational treedoin relativelyy thereto and eoniprieing` a `tryroeeoptn an electrical oontrol device ieepoivive to the angular devia tions oi the body, means; Controlled by said l device ior @angine1 said gyroeeope to process as the limit olI said rotational :t'reedoin is reaohed, ior exerting a stabilizing couple on the said body.

ln a hodj,7 Snbjeot to angular deviations, a gri-oscene atrijieture eapable of a invinging movement; relatively thereto, a driven member .inonnted to move with a portion of Said structure, a driving member, a eireuit closer comprising elements carried respectively h v the said body :id the said Structure and adapted to evo-operate with each other in response to the angular deviatiene ot the body, and means controlled by the said circuit Closer `tor establishing' an operating' eonneetion between said driving,l and said driven membere.

25. In a. body to be stabilized, the combination with a Fitrneture having a limited dearee ot rotational lri-iedom relatively thereto and comprising; a ,iglyroeoopm of an operatingr deviee comprising aeireuit closer having one oli its elemente lined relativel;r to the body and the other element fixed relatively to the Said letrueture, and means, eontrolled by the said eirenit closer, for eausingeaid evi'oeeope to preeeee as; the limit ot said degree oit` freedom is reaehed.

E2G. The combination with a bodyY and a structure capable ot angular deviation relatively to one another, o l? an operating device eomprising'tivo driven nlembers carried by Saidl strueture and loeatrd at opposite sides thereof, driving,Y inen'lbera, and eleotriealljv controlled menne, rei-:pensive to Said :ingrnlar deviation, lor establishing; a drivingv ron neetion between an oseratineT member and the correspondine` driven niember.

2T. ln a body to be Aetahiliiaed, the combination with a structure having,- a limited degree of rotational Freedom relatively thereto and comprisingl a gvroseope, ot a pair of eirenit oloeers loeated at opposite sides ot' the said Structure, each cirenit closer Compriaing an element fixed relatively to the body CIK and an element fixed relatively to said structure, and means, controlled by said circuit closers, for causing .said gyroscope to precess as the limit of said degree of freedom is reached.

28. The combination with a body and a structure capable of a swinging movement relatively to one another, ot an operating device responsive to said relative movement and comprising driven members carried by the said str cture and located at opposite sides thereof, driving members moving in opposite directions, circuit closers located at oppositedsides of the said structure, each circuit closer comprising an element hired relatively to the body and an element iiXed relatively to said structure, land means,l controlled by the said circuit closers, `tor establishing an operating connection between one of the said drivingmembers and the corresponding driven member.

29. In a body to be stabilized, the combination with a structure having a limited degree of rotational freedom relatively to the said body when the body is in-equilibrium and comprisingl a gyroscope, or an operating device compris-ing a multiplicity of circuit closers made operative by the incipient d eviation ot the body from said position of equilibrium,which deviation is adapted to check said limited degree ot freedom, and means, controlled by said circuit closers, 'tor causing said gyroscope to precess.

30. In a gyroscopic stabilizer, the combination, with a gyros-copic rotor, a 'trame in which it is journaled, a carrier pivotally connected with the body to be steadied and supporting said frame to swing about an axis transverse to the pivot axis, driven members located on opposite sides ot said trame and mounted to move in unison therewith, circuit-closer elementslilrewise located on oiposite sides ot said frame and mounted to move in unison therewith, driving members moving in opposite directions, co-operating circuit-closer elements mounted on said body and adapted for contact with the first-named circuit-closer elements during oscillations ot the said body, and means, controlled by said circuit-closers, for establishing a driving connection between one or the other ot said driving members and the corresponding driven member. Y

31. In a gyroscopic stabilizer, the combination, with a gyroscopic rotor, a trame in which it is journaled, a carrier on which said trame is mounted to swing about an axis transverse to the, rotor axis, said carrier being'fulcrumed on the body to be .stes-relied, the fulcrum axis being transverseto the axis about which the trame swings relatively to the carrier, drivenmembers carried by said trame on opposite sides ot the fulcrum, driving members carried by said body, circuitcloser elements carried by said Jframe on opposite sides of the tulcrunnand (zo-operating circuit-closer elements carried by said body and converging toward the side on which the tulcrum is located, and means, controlled by said circuit-closers, for establishing a driving connection between one or the other ot' said driving members and the corresponding driven member.

32. In a body subject to angular deviations, a gyroscope structure capable ot a swinging movement relatively thereto, a driven member carried by the said structure, a driving member, `electrically controlled means for establishing` an operating connection between said driving and said driven members, and a contact member carried by the body and adapted to make contact with said structure substantially at the same moment that the aforesaid connection is established.

33. In a body subject to angular deviations, a gyroscope structure movably vconnected thereto, a driven member carried by said structure, a driving member carried by the body, a clutch mechanism for establishing an operating connection between said driving and said driven members, and contact members carried by the body and :Klap-- ed to engage the said gyi'oscope structure as the body deviates trom its normal position.

234-. In a body subject to angular deviations, a gyroscope structure capable of a swinging'- movement relatively thereto, moving devices carried by the body andnormally out of operative engagement with the said structure, electrically controlled means :tor eecting such engagement, and resilient contact members carried by the body and adapted to engageV the .said structure as the body deviates from its normal position.

35. In` a bod;7 subject to angular deviations, a structure capable ot a swinging movement relatively thereto and comprising a gyroscope, Contact members carried by the boly and adapted to engage said structure as the body devia-tes from its normal position, and Velectrically controlled means. cooperating with the. said contact members, for producing procession of the said gyroscope.

36. In a body subject to angular deviations, a structure movably connected thereto and comprising a gyroscope, electrically7 controlled means tor producing precession otV the said gyroscope, and conta t members carried by the body and adapted to engage the said structure. to produce another precession ot the said gyroscope.

37. In a body subject to oscillations, a gyroscope structure inovably connected thereto, electrically controlled Contact menibers carried by the ,body Yand adapted to ll O CII

nation, with a gyroscopic'rotor and a support therefor loosely connected with the body to be steadied, of a driven' member mounted to move in unison with said ysupport, an armature-pulley carried by said body and operatively -connected 'with said driven member, a rotary electromagnet and a stationary electromagnet locatedon opposite sides of said pulley and adapted for engagement therewith, and a double circuitcloser, adapted to be brought into operation by oscillations of said body, and comprising two members arranged to come into action .successively and in actuating relation to the respective electromagnets. Y

5l. In a body subject to angular deviations, the combination with a gyroscope structure, of a driving member carried by the body, a driven member carried by said structure, a clutch mechanism for actuating said driving member, a brake mechanism adapted to lock said driven member, means for keeping said driving member out of operative engagement with said driven member when the body is in its normal position, means for energizing said clutch mechanism when the body deviates from its normal position, and means for energizing said brake mechanism when said angular deviations of the body exceed a certain predetermined limit.

52. In an apparatus for stabilizing a body `and comprising a gyroscope having three degrees of rotational freedom, electrically controlled means for producing precession'of the gyroscope, a precessionlocling device, and means for energizing said locking device when the precession of the said gyroscope exceeds a certain predetermined limit.

53. ln a body subject to angular deviations, a gyroscope having three degrees ot' rotational freedom,` means for producing precession of said gyroscope, a clutch mechanism for controlling said means, a precession locking device, circuit closers made operative by the angular deviations vof said body, and means, controlled by said circuit closers, rfor energizing said clutch mechanism or said locking device.

54. In a` gyroscopic stabilizer, the combination, with a gyroscopic rotor and a support therefor loosely connectedv fwith the body to be steadied, of a. driven pulley and counterbalancing pulley both mounted to move in unison with said support, a driving pulley located at one side of said support and connected with the driven pulley, an idler pulley located at the other side of the support and connected with the counterbalancing pulley, and mea-ns, brought into action by oscillations of said body, for establishing a driving action on said driven member.

55. A gyroscopic stabilizerlcomprising a gyroscope mounted for three degrees of rotational freedom, power means lfor governing the precession of saidl gyroscope, and a limit device for causing said power means to stop.

56. A gyroscopic. stabilizer comprising a gyroscope mounted for three degrees of rotational freedom, power means for governing the precession of said gyroscope, and a limit device on said gyroscope for rendering said power means inoperative.

5'?. A gyroscope mounted for three degrees of rotational freedom, means for braking said gyroscope about a precessional axis, and means responsive to precession beyond a predetermined .limit for applying said braking means.

58. lnV a body subject to angular deviations, a gyroscopic stabilizer comprising a gyroscope mounted for ythree degrees of rotational freedom, power means for governingthe precession of said gyroscope, means responsive to said angular deviations for controlling said power means, and additionalmeans for automatically rendering said power means inoperative.

59. In a body subjectto angular deviations, a gyroscopic stabilizer comprising a gyroscope mounted for three degrees of rotational freedom, power means for governing the precession of said gyroscope, means responsive to said deviations for controlling said power means, and additional means responsive to excessive devia-tions of said body for antomotically cutting out said power means.

60. In a body subject toangular deviations, a stabilizer comprising a structure capable of swinging movement ,relatively to said body and comprising a gyroscope mounted for precession at a right angle to said swinging movement, power means for governing the precession of said gyroscope, means responsive to said deviations of said body for controlling said power means, and additional means for automatically ycutting out said power means and applying a brake about the axis of said precession.

6l. In a body subject to angular devia.- tions, a structure capable of limited swinging movement relatively thereto and comprising a gyroscope mounted. for precession at a right angle to said swinging movement, means for governing the precession of said gyroscope, and a controller therefor operated by said angular deviations'. Y

62. In a body subject to angular deviations, a gyroscope mounted for three degrees of rotational freedom, means for governing the precession of said gyroscope, a normally inoperative brake adapted to brake said gyroscope about its axis of precession, and automatic means for lcutting out said prebraking said gyi'oseope aboiit itsaxis of pref cession, und ineens foiA musing' said brake to be applied beifoi'e und released ai'tei reversal o the direction of said angular deviations.

in testimony whereof I have signed this Specification.

ALEXANDER S. CHESSIN.