US1613758A - Method of coating articles - Google Patents

Method of coating articles Download PDF

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Publication number
US1613758A
US1613758A US573440A US57344022A US1613758A US 1613758 A US1613758 A US 1613758A US 573440 A US573440 A US 573440A US 57344022 A US57344022 A US 57344022A US 1613758 A US1613758 A US 1613758A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
bulb
applying
heated
silicate
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Expired - Lifetime
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US573440A
Inventor
Lindstrom Albert Ferdinand
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Westinghouse Lamp Co
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Westinghouse Lamp Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Lamp Co filed Critical Westinghouse Lamp Co
Priority to US573440A priority Critical patent/US1613758A/en
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Publication of US1613758A publication Critical patent/US1613758A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the method of applying a coating to a smooth surface and especially to a vitreous materlal and more particularly relates to the method of affixing a coating to an incandescent-electric-lampbulb.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to provide a method of expeditiously and efliciently applying a coating to a bulb.
  • Another object is to apply a coat-mg comprising a plurality of layers.
  • a further object is to prepare a bulb for treatment so that a coating applied thereto will immediately set.
  • the present method may have general application, it is partlcularly adapted for use in connection with the process of coating lamps in which a coating is sprayed upon the lamp by a compressed flllld', such as air.
  • incandescent lamps especially those of high intensity
  • Var1ous expedients have been employed for accomplishing this result, as, for instance, by the disposition of a translucent screen between the light source and the user, or the mtensity of the light may be directly con-. trolled by frosting or etchlng the bulb or by applying thereto a superficial coating of a preparation such as an enamel or the l1k e.
  • Certain difliculties have been encountered in the production of a suitable preparation that would adhere to the bulb of a lamp and be resistant toheat and to the solvent action of water.
  • the enamel may be prepared by mixing suitable amounts of powdered ka 01in with a solution of sodium silicate and then placing this mixture in a ball-milling mixer and operating the mixer for a given period to produce a fluid of a suitable consistency.
  • Various modifications of this mix ture may be made to meet coloring and light-diffusing requirements of a lamp.
  • Themixture is preferably applied to a bulb by means of'a spray gun in which air under pressure is employed to drive or spray the fluid upon the surface to be coated or enameled, after which the coated surface is subjected to a heat'treatment for a given period for the purpose of aflixing the coating to the surface.
  • the coating is next subjected to the application of a suitable heated setting solution of a neutral salt such as ammonium chloride which will effoot the necessary chemical reaction to render the coating insoluble in water.
  • the setting solution may, however, be applied cold if desirable, in which case the bulbs may be passed through a heat zone. The bulbs are through an oven.
  • a coating material which is sprayed upon the bulb strikes it in a series of successive deposits, each deposit forming a very thin layer and, since, as stated, the particles set immediately, the continued ap plication of the material by meansof the spray causes a coating of any desired thickness or density to be built up.
  • the building up of the coating may be construed to mean the depositing of a plurality of layers which then washed and finally dried by passage are applied in rapid succession and each layer, although a separate entity when ap plied, ultimately contributes to the produc tion of a coating of a thickness depending upon the temperature to which the bulb is heated andto the manipulation of the spray un.
  • a very desirable coating is produced, inasmuch as it is well known that a more satisfactory sheen or luster 18 produced in coatings which are formed by the application of several layers, one upon the other, but, heretofore, the t me consumed by this operation was prohibitive by reasoii of the time consumed.
  • a bulb may be sprayed and a coating of a plurality of layers ro'duced in a time interval of approximately one-half that which was heretofore necessary to apply to the usual single layer of material of the same thickness.
  • coatings of various degrees of translucency maybe applied to lamps to meet ditl'erent lighting conditions and where colored coatings are desirable it is a commercial advantage to be able to produce a coating having easily controlled degrees of density of shades or tones of color.
  • This control has been difficult to obtain particularly when employing certain colors, such as blue or green in which the pigments themselves have very little covering power or depth of color.
  • it 18 possible, according to the present invention by raising the pre-heating temperature, for instance, to the range of 100 to 159 C. and manipulating the spray gun, to build up the coating Very rapidly, and, in relatively short time, produce a deep rich color equal to that which was heretofore only attainable by the application of several independent relatively thick coatings at the cost of an excessive amount of time.
  • Another advantage derived from the-present method resides in the uniformity of the coating, irrespective of the weather conditions.
  • it has taken a longer time interval to coat a lamp properly on days when the atmosphere contained a relatively high degree of moisture than the time the same operation consumed on dry days.
  • This condition arose from the fact that, onmoist 'days the difference in temperature between the bulbs and the atmosphere results in the accumulation of a layer of moisture or condensate upon-the bulbs which, when the coating was applied, produced a diluted substance which would run or flow over the surfaces of the bulbs. Therefore, the time necessary to sufliciently dry out the coating on moist days was considerably increased.
  • This contingency greatly reduced the production, whereas, by pre-heating the lamps, as in the present method, the number of lamps coated per minute remains constant, irrespective of meteorological conditions and, as has been stated, is approximately twice that possible by the method used heretofore.
  • the coating material may be heated prior to its discharge from the spray gun and, when heated, may either be applied to a cool surface or to a surface that has been pre-heated.
  • a lamp to be coated may be pro-heated to a given temperature in any desired manner.
  • the lamp may be subjected to a blast of heated air.
  • a coating as, for example, that set forth in the above mentioned co-pendiiig application is then preferably sprayed upon the surface of a lamp which is passed into a heat zone for a dehydrating treatment after which the setting solution is applied to the coating, then the bulb is passed through a second heat zone for drying. The bulb may then be washed and subsequently dried by passage through a heat zone.
  • the method of applying a silicate coating to a light diflusing vitreous object which comprises heating the object and spraying the coatingthereon while the object is still heated.
  • the method of applying a silicate coating to alight diffusing vitreous object which comprises subjecting the object to a blast of heated air and projecting the coating in a divided state against the object.
  • baking saidpreparation treating said baked preparation with a setting solution and heatmg to cause a reaction with the sodium silicate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

Patented Jan. 11, '1927.
UNITED STATESPAT ENT OFFICE.
ALBERT FERDINAND LINDSTROM, OF N UTLEY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO WESTING- HOUSE LAMP COMPANY, A COEPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.
METHOD OF COATING ARTICLES.
No Drawing. Application filed July 7,
This invention relates to the method of applying a coating to a smooth surface and especially to a vitreous materlal and more particularly relates to the method of affixing a coating to an incandescent-electric-lampbulb. I
One of the objects of the invention is to provide a method of expeditiously and efliciently applying a coating to a bulb.
Another object is to apply a coat-mg comprising a plurality of layers.
A further object is to prepare a bulb for treatment so that a coating applied thereto will immediately set.
Other objects andv advantages will be ap: parent from the following descnption.
Although the present method may have general application, it is partlcularly adapted for use in connection with the process of coating lamps in which a coating is sprayed upon the lamp by a compressed flllld', such as air.
In the use of incandescent lamps, especially those of high intensity, it is very often desirable, under various conditions, to diffuse the emanating light rays. Var1ous expedients have been employed for accomplishing this result, as, for instance, by the disposition of a translucent screen between the light source and the user, or the mtensity of the light may be directly con-. trolled by frosting or etchlng the bulb or by applying thereto a superficial coating of a preparation such as an enamel or the l1k e. Certain difliculties have been encountered in the production of a suitable preparation that would adhere to the bulb of a lamp and be resistant toheat and to the solvent action of water.
An example of a coating which, however, meets the requirements essential to the efficient coating of a bulb maybe found 1n copending application to Aaron M. Hageman and Albert F. Lindstrom, Serial No. 608,7 7 2 filed December 23, 1922 and assigned to Westinghouse Lamp Company and the present method aims to improve the method of applying the coating as set forth in this application and in connection with other coatin s.
The above mentioned application consists of a compound which includes such coloring pigments and other materials as may pro- 1922. Serial No. 573,440.
vide a translucent surface which may applied to a lamp bulb. As set forth in that application, the enamel may be prepared by mixing suitable amounts of powdered ka 01in with a solution of sodium silicate and then placing this mixture in a ball-milling mixer and operating the mixer for a given period to produce a fluid of a suitable consistency. Various modifications of this mix ture may be made to meet coloring and light-diffusing requirements of a lamp.
Themixture is preferably applied to a bulb by means of'a spray gun in which air under pressure is employed to drive or spray the fluid upon the surface to be coated or enameled, after which the coated surface is subjected to a heat'treatment for a given period for the purpose of aflixing the coating to the surface. The coating is next subjected to the application of a suitable heated setting solution of a neutral salt such as ammonium chloride which will effoot the necessary chemical reaction to render the coating insoluble in water. The setting solution may, however, be applied cold if desirable, in which case the bulbs may be passed through a heat zone. The bulbs are through an oven.
Although the above process provides for the efficient and uniform coating of bulbs, it has been found desirable to provide for the more rapid application of the coating, that is, to coat a given number of bulbs in a rela tively small amount of time and this is accomplished in the present invention by preheating the bulbs and applying the coatin to the heated surfaces. It has been foun that a coating, as, for example, the one briefly outlined above will set more quickly when applied to a warm surface and in practice such a coating hardens or sets instantaneously upon striking the heated surface. Furthermore, a coating material which is sprayed upon the bulb strikes it in a series of successive deposits, each deposit forming a very thin layer and, since, as stated, the particles set immediately, the continued ap plication of the material by meansof the spray causes a coating of any desired thickness or density to be built up. The building up of the coating may be construed to mean the depositing of a plurality of layers which then washed and finally dried by passage are applied in rapid succession and each layer, although a separate entity when ap plied, ultimately contributes to the produc tion of a coating of a thickness depending upon the temperature to which the bulb is heated andto the manipulation of the spray un. By this method, a very desirable coating is produced, inasmuch as it is well known that a more satisfactory sheen or luster 18 produced in coatings which are formed by the application of several layers, one upon the other, but, heretofore, the t me consumed by this operation was prohibitive by reasoii of the time consumed. By pre-heating the surface tobe coated, a bulb may be sprayed and a coating of a plurality of layers ro'duced in a time interval of approximately one-half that which was heretofore necessary to apply to the usual single layer of material of the same thickness.
It is obvious, that coatings of various degrees of translucency maybe applied to lamps to meet ditl'erent lighting conditions and where colored coatings are desirable it is a commercial advantage to be able to produce a coating having easily controlled degrees of density of shades or tones of color. This control has been difficult to obtain particularly when employing certain colors, such as blue or green in which the pigments themselves have very little covering power or depth of color. In such cases, it 18 possible, according to the present invention, by raising the pre-heating temperature, for instance, to the range of 100 to 159 C. and manipulating the spray gun, to build up the coating Very rapidly, and, in relatively short time, produce a deep rich color equal to that which was heretofore only attainable by the application of several independent relatively thick coatings at the cost of an excessive amount of time.
Another advantage derived from the-present method resides in the uniformity of the coating, irrespective of the weather conditions. Heretofore, it has taken a longer time interval to coat a lamp properly on days when the atmosphere contained a relatively high degree of moisture than the time the same operation consumed on dry days. This condition arose from the fact that, onmoist 'days the difference in temperature between the bulbs and the atmosphere results in the accumulation of a layer of moisture or condensate upon-the bulbs which, when the coating was applied, produced a diluted substance which would run or flow over the surfaces of the bulbs. Therefore, the time necessary to sufliciently dry out the coating on moist days was considerably increased. This contingency greatly reduced the production, whereas, by pre-heating the lamps, as in the present method, the number of lamps coated per minute remains constant, irrespective of meteorological conditions and, as has been stated, is approximately twice that possible by the method used heretofore.
It-has also been found advantageous to heat the air employed for ejecting the fluid from the spray gun, or the coating material may be heated prior to its discharge from the spray gun and, when heated, may either be applied to a cool surface or to a surface that has been pre-heated.
In practicing the present method, a lamp to be coated may be pro-heated to a given temperature in any desired manner. For example, the lamp may be subjected to a blast of heated air. A coating as, for example, that set forth in the above mentioned co-pendiiig application, is then preferably sprayed upon the surface of a lamp which is passed into a heat zone for a dehydrating treatment after which the setting solution is applied to the coating, then the bulb is passed through a second heat zone for drying. The bulb may then be washed and subsequently dried by passage through a heat zone.
Although the above description relates particularly to the treatment of electric incandescent lamps, it is to be understood that the method has other applications as, for instance, it maybeemployed for the treatment pi objects such as reflectors, globes,.. or the lVhat is claimed 'is:'
1. The method of applying a silicate coating to a light diflusing vitreous object which comprises heating the object and spraying the coatingthereon while the object is still heated.
2. The method of applying a silicate coating to alight diffusing vitreous object which comprises subjecting the object to a blast of heated air and projecting the coating in a divided state against the object.
' 3. The method of coating a vitreous incandescent electric lamp bulb which comprises heating said bulb, spraying a silicate coating thereon and in subsequently heating the coated object to dehydrate the coating.
4.' The method of applying. a silicate coating to an incandescent electric lamp bulb which comprises subjecting the bulb to a blast of heated air to bring it to a predetermined, temperature, spraying a coating upon the heated bulb and passing the coated bulb through a heat zone.
j 5. The method of applying a silicate coating'to an incandescent'electric lamp bulb which comprises heating the coating material spraying said heated coating upon said bulb and in passing the coated bulb through a heat zone.
6. The method of coating an incandescent electric lamp bulb with a silicate coating which comprises heating air under pressure and driving the coatingmaterial against the object by said air.
mane
in driving said heated coating in a finelydivided state against the bulb and in passing said coated bul through a heat zone.
9. The method of coating an incandescent electric lamp bulb with a silicate coating which consists in heating the bulb and applying the coating thereto by spraying while the bulb is still warm to deposit a plurality ing a so vof layers of'said coating upon the bulb.
10. The method of applying a silicate coating ;of a given densit to an incandescent electric lamp bulb which com rises heating the bulb to a predetermined temperature and in spraying the coating material upon said bulb while the same is still warm to de-' posit a plurality of layers of said material upon the bulb.
11. The process of afiixing a coating to a silicious article comprising heating the article, spra ing thereon a preparation containub e silicate, subjecting the article to heat and applying a heated solution of at least one substance which reacts with the sodium silicate to form an insoluble com pound. 4
12. The process of aflixin a. coat1ng to silicious articles comprising eating the articles applying thereto a preparation containing a soluble silicate, akmg said applied preparation, applying a hot solut on ca able of reacting with the sihcate, rinsing said articlesand subsequently drying the 7 same.
13. The process of afiixing a coating to silicious articles comprising heating the articles, applying thereto a preparation havmg sodium silicate as one of its ingredients,
baking saidpreparation, treating said baked preparation with a setting solution and heatmg to cause a reaction with the sodium silicate.
14. The process of afiixing a coating to silicious articles comprising heating the arzticles, applying thereto a reparation includng a filler and sodium silicate, baking said preparation and applying a's'econd preparation to react with the sodium silicate for the formation of an insoluble compound. I
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 6th day of July ALBERT FERDINAND LINDS'I'ROI.
US573440A 1922-07-07 1922-07-07 Method of coating articles Expired - Lifetime US1613758A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614051A (en) * 1947-05-19 1952-10-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Roofing granules and method of making same
US2673817A (en) * 1947-08-01 1954-03-30 Hart And Burns Inc Corrosionproof tank lining and protective coating
US2683766A (en) * 1948-08-10 1954-07-13 Melpar Inc Method of casting electrical device and article produced thereby
US3085900A (en) * 1959-06-04 1963-04-16 Carboline Co Process of forming a galvanic action coating on a ferrous surface
US3222206A (en) * 1961-02-24 1965-12-07 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing reinforced cathode-ray tube for television display

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614051A (en) * 1947-05-19 1952-10-14 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Roofing granules and method of making same
US2673817A (en) * 1947-08-01 1954-03-30 Hart And Burns Inc Corrosionproof tank lining and protective coating
US2683766A (en) * 1948-08-10 1954-07-13 Melpar Inc Method of casting electrical device and article produced thereby
US3085900A (en) * 1959-06-04 1963-04-16 Carboline Co Process of forming a galvanic action coating on a ferrous surface
US3222206A (en) * 1961-02-24 1965-12-07 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing reinforced cathode-ray tube for television display

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