US1608694A - Corrosion-resistant article and method of making the same - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant article and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
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- US1608694A US1608694A US49367A US4936725A US1608694A US 1608694 A US1608694 A US 1608694A US 49367 A US49367 A US 49367A US 4936725 A US4936725 A US 4936725A US 1608694 A US1608694 A US 1608694A
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title description 46
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 31
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 73
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 73
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 73
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 64
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-N CoASH Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006873 Coates reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J chrome alum Chemical compound [K]OS(=O)(=O)O[Cr]1OS(=O)(=O)O1 OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S122/00—Liquid heaters and vaporizers
- Y10S122/13—Tubes - composition and protection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S76/00—Metal tools and implements, making
- Y10S76/04—Chromium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
- Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
Definitions
- This invention relates to a corrosion resistant article and method of making the same.
- the primary object of the'present invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having 'far greater rust or corrosion resistant 'roperties than similar articles known at t e present day.
- Articles of manufacture of the' present day known as stainless or rustless steel and iron, are alloys, having as their essential constituents ten to sixteen percent chromium alloyed with iron, the latter usually containing a few tenths to one or two percent of impurities such as copper, carbon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus.
- a further'object of the present invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having a body portion or base, of corrosion resistant metal.
- a still further object of this invention 7 is the provis ion of a method of making a corroslon resistant article.
- Another object of this invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having a surface of corrosion resistant metal.
- Another object of the present invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having a body or base portion of corrosion resistant metal, the same being covered or coated with a metal having extreme corrosion resistant pro erties.
- Figure 1 illustrates one form of the invention wherein a sheet of stainless steel or iron or other corrosion resistant metal is coated on one side with chromium.
- Fig. 2 is a similar View showing another form of the invention wherein a sheet of stainless steel or iron or other corrosion resistant metal is coated on both sides with chromium, and
- Fig. 3 is a view, similar to Fig. 1 wherein the coated stainless steel or iron or other corrosion resistant metal has been subjected to a subsequent annealing operation.
- the numeral 1 indicates a bod portion, or what may be termed a base meta which is formed of an alloy of iron and chromium or corrosion resisting steel.
- the particular constituents of this base metal 1 will be hereinafter described.
- Fig. 1 the base metal is coated on one side with chromium indicated at 2, while in'Fig 2 the base 1 is coated on both sides with chromium, also indicated at 2.
- Fig. 1 the base metal is coated on both sides with chromium indicated at 2
- chromium also indicated at 2.
- the base 1 is coated on one side with chromium 2, and subsequent tosuch coating, the coated base is subjected to an annealin operation, the result being that the coate base becomes really alloyed with the chromium of the coating to a certain extent, as indicated by the irregular juncture line 3.
- I first form a base, shown at 1, by alloyingchromium with iron to the extent of six to sixteen percent. This amount of chromium has been found satisfactory in practice, but obviously, greater amounts may be used if desired.
- the alloyed metal is then annealed, the same being commonly known, when containing ten to sixteen percent chromium, as stainless steel or stainless iron.
- This annealed alloy is then pickled by pickling methods such as are usually employed for ordinary irons or steels.
- pickling methods such as are usually employed for ordinary irons or steels.
- Such ordinary methods of pickling are readily adaptable to this process or method, provided the stainless steel or iron, or alloy base metal 1 has been properly annealed.
- I preferably use the sulphuric acid type of pickling bath, although obviously, other types of baths may be utilized with success.
- the base metal 1 may be pickled electrolytically, but in any case it is desirable to pickle the base metal in a bath such that any chromium dis:olved from the base metal may accumulate in the bath as a source of the whole or part of the chromium used subsequently for coating the base metal 1.
- the base metal 1 having been pickled, I next coat the same with chromium.
- the base metal 1 may be electroplated by suitable means; the electroplating bath utilizing the chromium recovered from the pickling bath, in forms suitable for chromium sulphate, chrome alum, or chromic acid plating baths.
- the thickness of the chromium coating may be varied to suit various requirements. Further, it willbe apparent that methods other than the electrolytic method for applying the chromium, may be used; for example, the chromium may be applied by thermal decomposition under suitable conditions, of chromium chloride or other halides of chromium.
- the coated metal is subjected to a further annealing operation which drives the coating metal into the coated metal, as shown bythe reference character 3, .so that, to a certain extent, the coated metal, or base 1 becomes alloyed with the coating metal 2.
- the thickne the thickne
- 'chrome alloys may be obtained throughout the entire cross section of the coated metal by such alloying annealing.
- corrosion resistant has been employed and it is well known that many metals are resistant to corrosion resulting from certain conditions. In this invention it is not. to be assumed that the article is resistant to all kinds of corrosion or that it will withstand corrosion by every known corrosion producing element or condition. It is well known that silver is, corrosion resistant to certain media but it is also a 'fact that silver is not corrosion re.:istant to certain media which do not attack chromium. 'For example, silver oxidizes at 200 C. whereas chromium when exposed to the air for a number of Weeks shows no corrosion; silver decomposes in steam whereas chromium is unaffected by steam even after being subjected to the action thereof for a period of about a year;
- chromium is unaffected by water; nitric acid is a rolvent for silver whereas chromium is unsoluble in nitric acid; in the presence of air, fused alkali hydroxides readily attack silver whereas chromium is not attacked by alkalis; in the presence of air, silver dissolves in ammonia whereaschromium plated articles exposed to air show no loss of weight, therefore, it is obvious that chromium is corrosion resistant tof ammonia; air and sodium chloride solution act very rapidly on silver and a concentrated solution of sodium chloride dissolves silver very rapidly whereas chromium is only very slightly attacked after a months exposure to a spray of sodium chloride solution; hydrogen sulphide tarnishes silver especially if small amounts of air or moisture are present whereas chromium plated samples exposed to air carrying sulphur dioxide show a slight gain instead of a lo?s.
- the article of the pres- ,ent invention is corrosion resistant to the usual atmospheric conditions, salt water, salt air, and is especially adapted for use in the customary and usual domestic cooking vessels and other vessels and for purposes for which silver is totally unsuitedlbecause of the corrosion resistant properties and the hardnessof chromium and also because of the comparative cheapness of chromium as compared to the high cost of silver.
- An article of manufacture comprising abase metal of the kind known as stainless steel or i'ron'having a corrosion resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal of the kind known as stainless steel or iron having a coating of chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy of iron and chromium, and having a corrosion resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium.
- p l i 4.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an allov of iron and chromium, and having a coating of chro mium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal having six to nine percent chromium, said base metal having a coating of chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal having from siX to nine percent of chromiun'i, said base metal having a cor rosion resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium.
- An article of manut'iwture comprising a base metal formed oi an alloy of iron and chromium to the extentotsix to nine percent and having a corroson resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy of iron and chromium to an extent of about six per cent and having a coating of chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an allov of iron and chromium to the extent of six to nine percent and having a coating of chromium.
- alloy of iron and chromium annealing and pickling said alloyed metal and then coating the alloyed metal with a metal possessing the properties of chromium.
- the method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises coating stainless steel or iron with chromium.
- the method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming. an alloy of iron and six to nine percent of chromium, annealing and removing the scale from said alloy and then coating the alloyed metal with a corrosion resistant metal possessing the properties of chromium.
- the method of making corrosion resistantarticles which comprises forming a ',.corrosion resistant alloy, annealing and pickling said alloy, and then coating said alloy with a corrosion resistant metal possessing the properties of chromium.
- the method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming an alloy of iron and six to nine percent of chromium, annealing and removing the scale from said alloy ,.and then coating said alloy with chromium.
- the method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming an alloy of iron and chromium, annealing and pickling said. alloy, and then electroplating said pickled alloy with chromium.
- the method of makingcorrosion resistant articles which comprises forming an alloy of iron and chromium, annealing and pickling said alloy, electroplating said pickled alloy with chromium, and then annealing the electroplated article to alloy a portion of the electroplated coating with the first named alloy.
- the method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming a base of iron and six tonine percent chromium, annealing and pickling said base, coating said base with chromium, and then annealing said coated article to drive a portion of the chromium into said base.
- the method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises pickling an alloy of iron and chromium in a bath of such a character as to dissolve chromium, and then coating the pickled alloy with chromium recovered from said pickling bath.
- the method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises pickling an annealed alloy of iron and chromium in a bath to remove the scale therefrom and to dissolve chromium, recovering the chro- :mium from the bath, and then electroplating the pickled alloy with such recovered chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy including iron and chromium and having a corrosion resisting coating possessing the properties of chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an allov including iron and chromium and having a coating of chromium.
- An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy including iron and chromium and having a coating possessing the properties of chromium.
Description
Nov. 30 1926. 1,608,694
J. R. CAIN CORROSION RESISTANT ARTICLE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed August 10, 1925 VIII/III/III/I/IMI/II/IIIMI E 1 KZW J2 less J'eel I (Zrwzzzam J'fainless J'zeel 7 5 3 gwuentov alimmq Patented Nov. 30, 1926.
JOHN 3. GAIN, OF WABHINGTQN, OI COLUMBIA.
ooaaosron-ansrs'ran'r muons am) mrmon oi' iraxme rm: sum.
Application ma August 10.1925. Serial m. 49,867.
This invention relates to a corrosion resistant article and method of making the same. V
The primary object of the'present invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having 'far greater rust or corrosion resistant 'roperties than similar articles known at t e present day.
Articles of manufacture of the' present day, known as stainless or rustless steel and iron, are alloys, having as their essential constituents ten to sixteen percent chromium alloyed with iron, the latter usually containing a few tenths to one or two percent of impurities such as copper, carbon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus.
It is well known in the art that the corrosion resistant properties of stainless steel or iron may be increased by adding more chromium to the alloy to the extent of be yond sixteen percent; however, such large additions of chromium not only increase the cost of production, but introduce manufacturin problems, such as extreme diiiiculty inro ing and forging; stiffness and proneness to brittleness of ob'ects fabricated from sheets of the metal bydrawing or pressing; difficulties in ickling, and the like. It will be obvious, terefore, that the known superiority of high chrome irons and steels, particularly as to the corrosion resistant properties thereof, cannot be utilized to any great commercial extent.
Further, it is well known in the art that stainless irons and steels are very apt to corrode to a great extent in the atmosphere or in soil or water unlessthey are pro erly anneeded and pickled by special an unusual processes, and this is true to such an extent that unless the surface scale is completely removed after annealin stainless or rustless irons and steels corro e superficially to substantially the same extent as the usual and ordinary steel and iron.
, It is obvious that resistance to corrosion or resistance to oxidization at high temperatures are surface phenomena, for oxy en can initially act only on the surface 0 a metal to cause it to scale at high temperatures, or water and oxygen can corrode the metal initially only at the surface at ordinag temperatures.
onsidering the above, it is the primary object of the present invention to lmprove the surface of stainless iron or steel, or other corrosion resistant metal.
v A further'object of the present invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having a body portion or base, of corrosion resistant metal.
A still further object of this invention 7 is the provis ion of a method of making a corroslon resistant article.
Another object of this invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having a surface of corrosion resistant metal.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of an article of manufacture having a body or base portion of corrosion resistant metal, the same being covered or coated with a metal having extreme corrosion resistant pro erties.
Other objects an advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates one form of the invention wherein a sheet of stainless steel or iron or other corrosion resistant metal is coated on one side with chromium.
Fig. 2 is a similar View showing another form of the invention wherein a sheet of stainless steel or iron or other corrosion resistant metal is coated on both sides with chromium, and
Fig. 3 is a view, similar to Fig. 1 wherein the coated stainless steel or iron or other corrosion resistant metal has been subjected to a subsequent annealing operation.
Referrin now more particularly to the drawings, 1n which similar' characters of reference designate similar parts in the several views, the numeral 1 indicates a bod portion, or what may be termed a base meta which is formed of an alloy of iron and chromium or corrosion resisting steel. The particular constituents of this base metal 1 will be hereinafter described. In Fig. 1 the base metal is coated on one side with chromium indicated at 2, while in'Fig 2 the base 1 is coated on both sides with chromium, also indicated at 2. In Fig. 3, the base 1 is coated on one side with chromium 2, and subsequent tosuch coating, the coated base is subjected to an annealin operation, the result being that the coate base becomes really alloyed with the chromium of the coating to a certain extent, as indicated by the irregular juncture line 3.
In the manufacture of the article of the present invention, I first form a base, shown at 1, by alloyingchromium with iron to the extent of six to sixteen percent. This amount of chromium has been found satisfactory in practice, but obviously, greater amounts may be used if desired.
The alloyed metal is then annealed, the same being commonly known, when containing ten to sixteen percent chromium, as stainless steel or stainless iron. This annealed alloy is then pickled by pickling methods such as are usually employed for ordinary irons or steels. Such ordinary methods of pickling are readily adaptable to this process or method, provided the stainless steel or iron, or alloy base metal 1 has been properly annealed. I preferably use the sulphuric acid type of pickling bath, although obviously, other types of baths may be utilized with success.
As a modification, the base metal 1 may be pickled electrolytically, but in any case it is desirable to pickle the base metal in a bath such that any chromium dis:olved from the base metal may accumulate in the bath as a source of the whole or part of the chromium used subsequently for coating the base metal 1.
The base metal 1 having been pickled, I next coat the same with chromium. Obviously there are many ways of accomplishing this, but as an example, the base metal 1 may be electroplated by suitable means; the electroplating bath utilizing the chromium recovered from the pickling bath, in forms suitable for chromium sulphate, chrome alum, or chromic acid plating baths.
The thickness of the chromium coating may be varied to suit various requirements. Further, it willbe apparent that methods other than the electrolytic method for applying the chromium, may be used; for example, the chromium may be applied by thermal decomposition under suitable conditions, of chromium chloride or other halides of chromium.
Referring now to Fig. 3; as an additional step in the method heretofore described, the coated metalis subjected to a further annealing operation which drives the coating metal into the coated metal, as shown bythe reference character 3, .so that, to a certain extent, the coated metal, or base 1 becomes alloyed with the coating metal 2. It will .be obvious that by suitably proportioning the thickne"s of the coating metal 2 relative to that of the base metal 1, the above mentioned beneficial effects of ,high
'chrome alloys may be obtained throughout the entire cross section of the coated metal by such alloying annealing.
From the above description it is believed that the invention will be fully apparent to those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that as a corrosion protector, this coatin applied to the particular type of base meta described is-unique, for not only is the underlying metal coated with a metal which closely resembles the so-called noble metals,
such as gold, silver and platinum in its insolubility and inalterability, but also, since the difference in electrolytic potential between the coating 2 and the base or underlying metal 1 is extremely slight, there is little tendency for either metal to corrode by electrolytic corrosion because of accidental defects in the coating such as pin holes, scratches or the like.
Throughout the specification the term corrosion resistant has been employed and it is well known that many metals are resistant to corrosion resulting from certain conditions. In this invention it is not. to be assumed that the article is resistant to all kinds of corrosion or that it will withstand corrosion by every known corrosion producing element or condition. It is well known that silver is, corrosion resistant to certain media but it is also a 'fact that silver is not corrosion re.:istant to certain media which do not attack chromium. 'For example, silver oxidizes at 200 C. whereas chromium when exposed to the air for a number of Weeks shows no corrosion; silver decomposes in steam whereas chromium is unaffected by steam even after being subjected to the action thereof for a period of about a year;
chromium is unaffected by water; nitric acid is a rolvent for silver whereas chromium is unsoluble in nitric acid; in the presence of air, fused alkali hydroxides readily attack silver whereas chromium is not attacked by alkalis; in the presence of air, silver dissolves in ammonia whereaschromium plated articles exposed to air show no loss of weight, therefore, it is obvious that chromium is corrosion resistant tof ammonia; air and sodium chloride solution act very rapidly on silver and a concentrated solution of sodium chloride dissolves silver very rapidly whereas chromium is only very slightly attacked after a months exposure to a spray of sodium chloride solution; hydrogen sulphide tarnishes silver especially if small amounts of air or moisture are present whereas chromium plated samples exposed to air carrying sulphur dioxide show a slight gain instead of a lo?s. The above examples are cited to more readily define the meaning of the term corrosion resistant but in general it may be stated that the article of the pres- ,ent invention is corrosion resistant to the usual atmospheric conditions, salt water, salt air, and is especially adapted for use in the customary and usual domestic cooking vessels and other vessels and for purposes for which silver is totally unsuitedlbecause of the corrosion resistant properties and the hardnessof chromium and also because of the comparative cheapness of chromium as compared to the high cost of silver. Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is
1. An article of manufacture comprising abase metal of the kind known as stainless steel or i'ron'having a corrosion resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium.
2. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal of the kind known as stainless steel or iron having a coating of chromium. 3. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy of iron and chromium, and having a corrosion resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium. p l i 4. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an allov of iron and chromium, and having a coating of chro mium.
5. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal having six to nine percent chromium, said base metal having a coating of chromium.
6. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal having from siX to nine percent of chromiun'i, said base metal having a cor rosion resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium.
7. An article of manut'iwture, comprising a base metal formed oi an alloy of iron and chromium to the extentotsix to nine percent and having a corroson resistant coating possessing the properties of chromium.
8. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy of iron and chromium to an extent of about six per cent and having a coating of chromium.
9. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an allov of iron and chromium to the extent of six to nine percent and having a coating of chromium.
10. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming an.
alloy of iron and chromium, annealing and pickling said alloyed metal and then coating the alloyed metal with a metal possessing the properties of chromium.
11. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises coating stainless steel or iron with chromium.
12. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming. an alloy of iron and six to nine percent of chromium, annealing and removing the scale from said alloy and then coating the alloyed metal with a corrosion resistant metal possessing the properties of chromium.
13. The method of making corrosion resistantarticles which comprises forming a ',.corrosion resistant alloy, annealing and pickling said alloy, and then coating said alloy with a corrosion resistant metal possessing the properties of chromium.
14. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming an alloy of iron and six to nine percent of chromium, annealing and removing the scale from said alloy ,.and then coating said alloy with chromium.
15. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming an alloy of iron and chromium, annealing and pickling said. alloy, and then electroplating said pickled alloy with chromium.
16. The method of makingcorrosion resistant articles which comprises forming an alloy of iron and chromium, annealing and pickling said alloy, electroplating said pickled alloy with chromium, and then annealing the electroplated article to alloy a portion of the electroplated coating with the first named alloy.
17. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises forming a base of iron and six tonine percent chromium, annealing and pickling said base, coating said base with chromium, and then annealing said coated article to drive a portion of the chromium into said base.
18. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises pickling an alloy of iron and chromium in a bath of such a character as to dissolve chromium, and then coating the pickled alloy with chromium recovered from said pickling bath.
19. The method of making corrosion resistant articles which comprises pickling an annealed alloy of iron and chromium in a bath to remove the scale therefrom and to dissolve chromium, recovering the chro- :mium from the bath, and then electroplating the pickled alloy with such recovered chromium.
'20. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy including iron and chromium and having a corrosion resisting coating possessing the properties of chromium.
'21. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an allov including iron and chromium and having a coating of chromium.
22. An article of manufacture comprising a base metal formed of an alloy including iron and chromium and having a coating possessing the properties of chromium.
In testimony whereof I hereby aflix mv signature.
JOHN a. cam.
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US49367A US1608694A (en) | 1925-08-10 | 1925-08-10 | Corrosion-resistant article and method of making the same |
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US49367A US1608694A (en) | 1925-08-10 | 1925-08-10 | Corrosion-resistant article and method of making the same |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2461935A (en) * | 1943-08-14 | 1949-02-15 | Int Nickel Co | Insulated electrical resistances |
US2633419A (en) * | 1948-03-11 | 1953-03-31 | Pyk Sven Christian | Process for the treatment of melted magnesium and magnesium alloys |
US2686654A (en) * | 1948-10-19 | 1954-08-17 | Thompson Prod Inc | Coated member and method of making the same |
US2688405A (en) * | 1948-08-09 | 1954-09-07 | Sharples Corp | Centrifuge construction for separating solids from liquids |
US2742691A (en) * | 1950-04-18 | 1956-04-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of making corrosion resistant clad steel |
US2764805A (en) * | 1952-02-13 | 1956-10-02 | United States Steel Corp | Duplex metal article |
US2856334A (en) * | 1955-11-01 | 1958-10-14 | Tiarco Corp | Chromium plating |
US2859158A (en) * | 1957-01-31 | 1958-11-04 | Glenn R Schaer | Method of making a nickel-chromium diffusion alloy |
US2950233A (en) * | 1954-04-29 | 1960-08-23 | Horizons Inc | Production of hard surfaces on base metals |
US2973307A (en) * | 1956-11-16 | 1961-02-28 | Lyon Inc | Method of treating stainless steel |
US3240572A (en) * | 1962-02-16 | 1966-03-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Protective coating for metals and method of making the same |
US3502549A (en) * | 1967-04-17 | 1970-03-24 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Method for the protection of zirconium and zirconium-base alloys |
US3652236A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1972-03-28 | Res Holland Nv | An article having a layer containing nonconductive organic fibers and method of producing |
US3718443A (en) * | 1971-01-22 | 1973-02-27 | Int Nickel Co | Composite metal products |
US4054174A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1977-10-18 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Method of inhibiting deposition of internal corrosion products in tubes |
EP0410033A1 (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1991-01-30 | ITW-ATECO GmbH | Process for manufacturing ferritic steel work pieces |
-
1925
- 1925-08-10 US US49367A patent/US1608694A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2461935A (en) * | 1943-08-14 | 1949-02-15 | Int Nickel Co | Insulated electrical resistances |
US2633419A (en) * | 1948-03-11 | 1953-03-31 | Pyk Sven Christian | Process for the treatment of melted magnesium and magnesium alloys |
US2688405A (en) * | 1948-08-09 | 1954-09-07 | Sharples Corp | Centrifuge construction for separating solids from liquids |
US2686654A (en) * | 1948-10-19 | 1954-08-17 | Thompson Prod Inc | Coated member and method of making the same |
US2742691A (en) * | 1950-04-18 | 1956-04-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of making corrosion resistant clad steel |
US2764805A (en) * | 1952-02-13 | 1956-10-02 | United States Steel Corp | Duplex metal article |
US2950233A (en) * | 1954-04-29 | 1960-08-23 | Horizons Inc | Production of hard surfaces on base metals |
US2856334A (en) * | 1955-11-01 | 1958-10-14 | Tiarco Corp | Chromium plating |
US2973307A (en) * | 1956-11-16 | 1961-02-28 | Lyon Inc | Method of treating stainless steel |
US2859158A (en) * | 1957-01-31 | 1958-11-04 | Glenn R Schaer | Method of making a nickel-chromium diffusion alloy |
US3240572A (en) * | 1962-02-16 | 1966-03-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Protective coating for metals and method of making the same |
US3652236A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1972-03-28 | Res Holland Nv | An article having a layer containing nonconductive organic fibers and method of producing |
US3502549A (en) * | 1967-04-17 | 1970-03-24 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Method for the protection of zirconium and zirconium-base alloys |
US3718443A (en) * | 1971-01-22 | 1973-02-27 | Int Nickel Co | Composite metal products |
US4054174A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1977-10-18 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Method of inhibiting deposition of internal corrosion products in tubes |
EP0410033A1 (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1991-01-30 | ITW-ATECO GmbH | Process for manufacturing ferritic steel work pieces |
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