US1607537A - Integrator - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 16 1926.

J. L. HODGSON INTEGRATOR Filed June 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 16,1926.

J. L. HODGSON INTEGRATOR Filed June 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. L. HODGSON INTEGRATOR Nov. 16, 1926. 1,607,537

Filed June 1925 v 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Nov. 16 1926.

J. L. HODGSON IN TEGRATOR e Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 5, 1925 WW fwd 3 a 8 Ma g1 2 "w (M fl Nov. 16 1926. 7 1,607,537

' J. L. HODGSON INTEGRATOR Filed June 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 ,[770677707' @7072? Zawazme fid $077.

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Nov. 16 1926.

INTEGRATOR 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed June 25 1925 Patented Nov. .16, 1926.

' UNITED STATES JOHN LAWRENCE HODGSON, F NEAR LEIGHTON BUZZARD, ENGLAND.

INTEGRATOB.

Application filed June 25, 192-5, Serial No. 39,582, and in Great Britain June 30, 1924.

This invention relates to integrating apparatus of the type in which a pivoted arm moved about its pivot according to the var ation in the variable to be integrated carrles a planimeter wheel and a counter actuated thereby, the wheel being driven by a consta-ntly rotated friction disk. paratus as hitherto constructed, the wheel has been so mounted that variation 1n the position of the arm has only varied the angular setting of the wheel upon the disk, without varying the distance of the point of contact of the wheel with the disk from the centreof the latter; consequently the change in the rate at which the counter is actuated, due to small angular movement of the arm, has been indefinite, and the counter has not therefore given a true indication.

Accordin to this invention the wheel so mounte on the pivoted arm that its axis is separated by a considerable amount from the pivot of the arm, and thus movements of the arm cause the distance between the point of contact of the wheel with the disk and the centre of the disk to be varied so that the speed at which the wheel is rotated depends not only upon the angular setting of the wheel but also upon its distance from the centre of the disk. Inasmuch as the wheel is thus caused to move more or less broadside on over the surface of the disk, it is preferably provided with a series of-rollers arranged round its periphery in order to reduce the effort necessary to turn the arm about its pivot. In cases where the motion to be integrated may vary rapidly, the periphery of the Wheel, or its rollers if they are fitted, may be roughened or knurled to give a better grip betweenthe disk and the wheel.

Preferably the wheel is carried by a spindle, journalled in a frame which itself is journalled in a bracket carried by the arm, and on the spindle is a bevel wheel meshing with a bevel wheel on a second spindle which drives the counter.

Preferably also the arm is so weighted that the position of the centre of'gravlty of the arm and ofthe mechanism carried by it is such as to produce the necessary friction be tween the driving disk andthe planimeter wheel. Alternatively, the arm may be balanced and the necessary contact pressure produced by a spring.

The arm may be turned about its pivot In such apnectedto a cam 7 through a in various Ways, which it is deslred to integrate. When such apparatus is used to integrate the indications of a fluidv flow meter, one end of the arm preferably carries a roller upon which bears a cam or equivalent mechanism set,

for instance, by the movement of a float in one leg of a U tube containing mercury, the two legs of which may be connected to the upstream and throat of a Venturi meter or to an orifice, Pitot tube or the like.

Thedriving disk is preferably coated with a sheet of rubber, paper or other suitable material. If it be desired to record the flow or other quantity to be integrated, this may b'e' made on a chart or diagram by means of a pen actuated by the movements of the pivoted. arm.

A further object of my invention is to provide an integrator of this description wherein theplanimeter wheel is moved arcuately over the face of the disk in an are not including the center of rotation of the disk, to attain the advantages portrayed above,

These and such other objects of my invention as may hereinafter appear W111 be best understood from a description of em' bodiments thereof, such as are shown in the accompanying drawings.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the princile of working, Figure 2 an elevation of one orm-of the apparatus, Figure 3 a part sectional side elevation of- Figure 2, and Figures 4 to 12 illustrate modifications, Figures 4, 5 and 6 being elevations, and Figures"? to 12 being sectional elevations. Fi ure 13 is an elevation of a further modi cation,

and Figure 14 is a sectional end elevation thereof. Figures 15 and 16 are detail'views of the planimeter wheel.

according to the motion Referring more particularly to Figure 1, I

1 is a float located in a chamber '2' forming one leg of a U tube which contains mercury, the ot er leg of whichis formed by a chamher 3, the chambers 2 and 3 communicatin through a passage 4. The float 1 is connected to a lever 5 by a link 6, said lever being conland in the casing of chamber 2. 8 is a rol er engaging the cam 7 and mounted at one end of an arm 9 which is pivoted at a point coincident with the centre of a counter 10, said armbeing fast with a frame 11 provided with bearings for a spindle 12. Fast on the spindle 12 the is a planimeter wheel 13, provided around its periphery with a series of rollers 14 (see Figures-15 and 16) in order to reduce the effort necessary to turn the arm about its ivot. Also fast. on the spindle 12 is a evel wheel 15, in mesh with a bevel Wheel 16 fast on a spindle 17 which operates the counter 10. The roller 8 onarm 9 is caused to engage the cam 7 by a weight 18 carried at the end of an arm 19. 20 is a disk which is driven at a constant speed and engages the planimeter wheel 13. 21 is-a Venturi tube,

22 a pipe connecting the throat thereof with the chamber 2, and 23 is a pipe connecting the upstream with the chamber 3 In operation, any rise or fall of the float 1 in the chamber 2 is proportional to the flow through the Ve'nturi tube 21, and causes the cam 7 to turn, thus rocking the arm 9, there-' by moving the planimefer wheel 13 arcuately across the disk 20. When the axis of the wheel -13 is coincident with the tangent of the direction of motion of the disk 20, i. e when the plane of the wheel 13 is coincident with a line joining the axis of the disk 20, and the axis about which the frame 11 turns,there will be'no motion imparted to the wheel 13. On the other hand, when the frame 11 is rocked until the planimeter wheel 13 takes up a position such that its axis is at right angles to the tangent of the direction of motion of the disk 20, said wheel 13 will be rotated at its maximum rate. The speed of lanimeter wheel will consequently depend upon its angular setting relatively to the disk 20, and therefore upon the rate of flow, since the cam 7, and thereby the planimeter wheel 13, are moved a distance proportional thereto by the float 1.

Preferably the frame 11 and the parts carried thereby are of suflicient weight, or are so weighted, as to produce the necessary pressure between the wheel 13 and the disk 20, or a spring may be. provided therefor.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, similar parts having similar numerals, 24 is an arm secured to the frame 11 and carrying at its upper end a marking instrument 25 of usual construction adapted to move over a chart or diagram 26 carried by a drum 27 driven in any suitable manner. 28 are air vent cocks communicating with the pipes 22, 23, and 29 is an equalizing cook. The disk 20 is driven by means'of clockwork 30. The indicating and recording ap aratus, together with the operating means t erefor, are enclosed within a casin 31 having a glass inspection door 32 pivote thereon.

' In the arrangement shown in Figure 4, the arm 24 carrying the marking instrument 25, is pivoted at 33 to the casing 31. The arm 24 is provided with an; arm 34, so arranged that the angle between them can be slightly varied for the purpose of setting the instrument by an ad1ustingscrew 35. The arm 34 diagram 26, an indicator 38 and alsoa count- In Figure 1, 3, 9, 10 and 12, the chamber 3 is so shaped as to give equal spacing for flow. In Figures 7, 8 and 11 the chamber 3 is of uniform-section, the cams 7 thereof being of such a shape as to cause the arm 9 to move a distance proportional to the square root of the flow in the Venturi tube 21.

' The chambers 2 and 3 may be formed by F a single casing, divided from each other by a partition'40, as shown inFigures 3, 7, 10, 11 and 12, or they may be formed by separate casings connected to each other by a passage'4, as shown in Figures 1, 8 and 9.

In Figures 7 and 12, the cam 7 has fast on it a pinion 41 in mesh with a rack 42, carried by the float 1, whereby the cam is turned as the float rises or falls.

In practice it has been found diflicult to shape the cam 7 to give accurate readings below a certain minimum value, say one eighth of the 'full indication. In the arrangement shown in Figures 13 and 14, means are provided for preventing the planimeter wheel from actuatin the counter 10 below this reading, and conslst of a lever 43 pivoted at 44 to a convenient part of the easing, and provided with an adjustable screw 45 and with a spring 46 for maintaining the lever in position. The upper end of the lever 43 is provided with an inturned projection 47, adapted to engage a toothed wheel 48 fast on the spindle 12 carrying the planimeter wheel 13.

In operation, if the planimeter wheel 13 is moved by the cam 7 to a position below the minimum reading, the toothed wheel 48 engages the projection 47 of the lever 43, whereby the planimeter wheel 13 is prevented from rotation.

When it is desired to remove the diagram 26, the marking instrument 25 and planimeter wheel 13 are moved clear thereof, the teeth of the wheel 48 remaining in engagement with the rejection 47 on the lever 43 which is I'OCkBCi on its pivot 44 against the action of the spring 46.

The planimeter wheel 13 is normally pressed on to the surface of the disk 20 by a counterweight 49 on the frame 11 which rocks on a pivot pin 50, said rocking motion being limited by adjustable screws 51, so that when changing the diagram, the toothed wheel 48 is prevented from moving out of engagement with the projection 47. Obviously a spring may be employed in place of the counterweight 49.

It is understood that my invention is not limited to the' specific embodiments shown and that various deviations may' be made therefrom without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims:

I claim I 1.' An integrating flow meter comprising a pressure differential producing element attached to a conduit, a constantly revolving disc, an arm pivotally mounted on said flow meter adjacent to said revolving disc, a planimeter wheel attached to a spindle revolvably mounted on said arm in roller contact with said disc with the axis thereof separated by a substantial amount from the pivot point and from the center of rotation of said disc, a counter mechanism driven by said planimeter wheel and means actuated by said pressure differentialproducing element to pivot said arm and thus to move said wheel in an arcuate line not including the centre of rotation-of said disk over the face of said revolving disc on changes in rate of flow in said conduit whereby movements of the arm cause the distance between the point of contact of the wheel with the disc and the center of the disc to be varied so that the speed at which the wheel is rotated depends upon its distance from the center of the disc, and also upon the angular setting of the wheel.

2. An integrating fiow meter comprising a pressure ditl'erential producing element attached to a conduit, a U-tube having the opposite legs thereof attached to opposite sides of said pressure differential producing element having a float actuated by the height of the fluid in one leg thereof, a constantly revolving disc, an arm pivotally mounted on said flow meter adjacent to said revolving disc having a stud projecting laterally from the lower end thereof, a planimeter wheel revolvably mounted on a spindlerevolvably mounted on said arm with the axis thereof separated by a considerable amount from said pivot point and from the center of rotation of said disc, a counter mechanism driven by said planimeter wheel, an oscillatable cam having the surface thereof contacted by said stud on said pivoted arm, and means actuated bysaid float to rock said cam with changes in the height thereof whereby movements of the arm may cause the wheel to move in an arcuate line not including the centre of rotation of said disk to' vary the distance between the point of contact of the wheel with the disc and the center of the disc so that the speed at which the wheel is rotated depends. upon its distance from the center of, the disc, and also upon the angular setting of the wheel.

3. In an lntegrating flow meter having a pressure diilerential producing element attached to a conduit, a constantly revolving disc, an arm pivotally mounted on said flow meter adjacent to said revolving disc, a planimeter wheel attached to a spindle revolvably mounted on said arm in roller contact with said disc with the axis thereof separated by a substantial amount from the pivot point and from the center of rotation :of said disc, a counter mechanism driven by said planimeter wheel and means actuated by said pressure diiferential producing element to pivot said arm and thus to move said wheel in an arcuate line not including the centre of rotation of said disc over the face of'said revolving disc'on changes in rate of flow in said conduit whereby movements of the arm cause the distance between the point of contact of the wheel with the disc and the center of the disc to be varied so that the speed at which the wheel is rotated depends upon its distance from the center of the disc, and also upon 'the angular setting of the wheel, means attached to said flow meter for rendering the planimeter wheel nonrotatablewhen relatively near the center of rotation of said disc.

4. In an integrating flow meter having a pressure differential producing element attached to a conduit, a constantly revolving disc, an arm pivotally mounted on said flow meter adjacent to said revolving disc, a planin'leter wheel attached to a spindle revolvably mounted on said arm in roller'contact with said disc with the axis thereof separated by a substantial amount from the pivot point and from the center of rotation ofsaid disc, a counter mechanism driven by said planimeter wheel and means actuated by said pressure differential producingelement to pivot said arm and thus to move said wheel in an arcuate line not including the centre of rotation of said disc over the face of said revolving disc on changes in rate of flow in said conduit whereby movements of the arm cause the distance between the point of contact of the wheel with the disc and the center of the disc to be varied so that the speed at which the wheel is rotated de; pends upon'its distance from the center of the disc, and also upon the angular setting of the wheel, a toothed wheel connected to said planimeter wheel and a projection attached to said flow meter adapted to engage said toothed wheel to render said planimeter wheel non-rotatable when relatively near the center of rotation of said disc.

5. In an integrator having a revolvable disc, a planimeter wheel in roller contact with said disc, a counter mechanism driven by said planimeter wheel and means to vary the position of said planimeter wheel on the face of said disc, means to render said planimeter wheel inoperative when relatively near the zero operating position thereof.

6. In an integrator having a revolvable disc, a planimeter wheel. in roller contact with said disc, a counter mechanism driven by said planimeter wheel and means to vary the position of the planimeter wheel on the face of said disc, a toothed wheel connected to said planimeter wheel and a projection attached to said integrator adapted to engage said toothed wheel to render said pla-' nimeter inoperative when relatively near the zero operating position thereof.

7. In an integrator having a revolvable disc, an arm pivotally mounted on said integrator adjacent to said revolvable disc, a

planimeter wheel in roller contact with said disc mounted on a spindle revolvably mounted on said arm with the axis thereof separated by a substantial amount from the pivot'point of said arm and from the center of rotation of'said disc, a counter mechanism driven by said wheel and means to pivot said arm and thus to move said wheel over the face of the revolving disc in an arcuate line not including the centre of rotation of said disc whereby movements of the arm cause the distance between the point of,

contact of the .wheel with the disc and the center of the disc to be varied so that the speed at which the wheel is rotated depends upon its distance from the center of the disc, and'also upon the'angular setting of the wheel, means attached to said flow meter for rendering the planimeter wheel non-rotatof rotation-of said disc, a counter mechanism driven bysaid wheel. and means to pivot said arm and thus to move said wheel over the face of the revolving disc inan arcuate line not including the centre of rotation of said disc whereby movements of the arm cause the distance betwen the point of contact of the wheel with the disc and the center of the disc to bevaried so that the speed at which the wheel is rotated depends upon its distance from the center of the disc, and also upon the angular setting of the wheel, a toothed wheel connected to said planimeter wheel and a projection attached to said flow meter adapted to engage said toothed wheel to render said planimeter wheel non-rotatable when relatively near the 60' center of rotation of said disc..

9. In an..integrator, the combination. of a revolvable disc, an arm pivotally mounted on said integrator adjacent to said revolvable disc, 9. planimeter wheel in roller contact with said disc mounted on a s indle revolvably mounted on said arm, wit the axis thereof separated by' a-substantial amount from the pivot point of said arm and from the center of rotation of said disc, a counter mechanism driven by said wheel and means to pivot said arm. and thus to move said wheel overthe face of the revolving disc in an arcuate "line not including the centre of rotation of said disc whereby movements of the arm cause the distance between the point of contact of the wheel with the disc and the center of the disc to be variedlso that the speed at'which the wheel is rotated depends upon its distance from the center ofthe disc, and also upon the angular setting of the wheel.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name this 10th day of June, 1925. v 1

JOHN LAWRENCE HODGSON.

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