US1600203A - Incandescent lamp - Google Patents
Incandescent lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1600203A US1600203A US540611A US54061122A US1600203A US 1600203 A US1600203 A US 1600203A US 540611 A US540611 A US 540611A US 54061122 A US54061122 A US 54061122A US 1600203 A US1600203 A US 1600203A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- filament
- lamp
- lamps
- bulb
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
- H01K1/56—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering characterised by the material of the getter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
- Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to incandescent lamps. Itsobject is to improve the operation of these lamps and particularly to obviate tliediscoloration of the bulb which sometimes occurs early in the life of'the lamp, that is, before the deposition of a film by the gradual accumulation of material evaporated from the incandescent filament during the normal operation of the lamp.
- I apply to the filament of the lamp some carbon preferably in such a form that it is uniformly distributed on the filament in a finely divided state.
- the carbon disappears, but apparently by chemical combination with deleterious gases exerts some influence or effect which prevents early discoloration of the bulb and enables me to produce a lamp which will 0perate for a normal useful life without objectionable blackening.
- the finely divided carbon may be applied to the filament in various ways as long as it is distributed with substantial uniformity.
- a convenient method which I have used with success is to add to commercial concentrated Aquadag enough distilled water to produce a liquid containing above five per cent by Weight of concentrated Aquadag in suspension. This liquid may be applied upon the filament in a very fine spray obtained by the use of an atomizer or spraying bottle. If
- the filament is heated to a temperature about that at which paper scorches, the carbon in suspension will stick to it.
- a convenient way of applying the carbon is to distribute the filaments uniformly over a sheet of paper on a rotating -llOt plate. The temperature can be raised to the point where the paper begins to'scorrh, and when this occurs, the liquid containing five per cent Aquadag is sprayed over the paper and the filaments as uniformly as possible. If the spraying is conducted under proper conditions, the carbon will sticlrto the filaments and dry on them as fast as sprayed, but if the temperature is not high enough, black streaks will be found on the paper beneath the filaments.
- red phosphorus For most purposes it is advantageous to mix some red phosphorus with the carbon. I have obtained good results with a suspension in water of about equal parts by weight of carbon and of red phosphorus. To obtain a suitable mixture of phosphorus and carbon, I prefer to suspend in distilled Water enough finely ground red phosphorus to make a liquid containing about 3% by weight of phosphorus. I have found that when phosphorus is used less carbon is necessary, and that only about 10 cubic centimeters of the Aquadag solution is required for spraying an area of 70 to 80 sq. inches if about 5 cubic centimeters of this liquid containing 3% of phosphorus is mixed with Aquadag solution. This smaller amount of carbon is advantageous, as a comparatively large amount of carbon on the filament causes difiiculty in factory operations, particularly in welding the carbon coated filament to the leads of the lamp.
- the carbon may be applied in other ways than by spraying as for example, by dipping the filament into a suspension of the proper concentration, but it is more diflicult to obtain the proper distribution of the carbon by dipping the filament than by spraying it.
- Forms of carbon besides Aquadag can be used in the practiceof my invention. I have obtained good results with inks such as india ink, in which finely divided carbon is suspended; and with finely divided lamp black.
- the carbon may be derived from compounds which decompose in contact with the heated filament and leave a residue. of carbon, as for example, starch, gum arabic and various aniline dyes.
- the filament is brought up to incandescence whereupon the carbon disappears from the filament and produces the desirable results above described, although the'presenee of the carbon in the lamp is difiicult to detect.
- My invention is applicable to various types of lamps but I have obtained the best results withgas filled lamps having closely coiled tungsten filaments of the concentrated Gas filled lamps are described in Langmuir Patent l lo 1,180,159. The greatest difiiculty with discoloration and short life is encountered in lamps such as are used for headlights on automobiles and which are constructed to operate at voltage of 12 to 24 volts. In such lamps my invention can be used to particular advantage, although useful on many other types and sizes of lamps.
- An incandescent lamp comprising the combination of a bulb, an incandescent body of non-carbonaceous refractor material therein, and a quantity of soli carbonaceous material applied to the surface of said body in a quantit effective to prevent discoloration of said iiulb during the early part of the life of said lamp but insufficient to materially change the physical properties of the body.
- An incandescent lamp comprising the combination of a bulb, a filament of tungsten therein, and finely divided carbon applied to the surface of'said filament in an amount of about one-tenth per cent of the weight of the filament.
- An electric lamp comprising a bulb, a tungsten filament therein, a filling of gas therein which is inert with respect to said filament and a quantity of carbon applied to said filament, said carbon being of such small amountms to be dissipated by incandescenee of the filament but large enough 0 1prevent premature discoloration of said 4.
- An article of manufacture comprising a lighting body of refractory metal and a quantity of carbon applied to the surface of said body in a quantity suificient to revent premature discoloration of a lamp ulb in which the lighting body is operated but insufiicient to materially change the physical properties of the body.
- An article of manufacture comprising a lighting body of tungsten wire and a coating of carbon provided on the surface of said wire in an amount of about one-tenth per cent of the weight of the tungsten wire.
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
Patented Sept. 14, 1926.
UNITED STATES 1,600,203 PATENT OFFICE.
PERCY A. CAMPBELL, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
INCANDESCENT LAMP.
No Drawing.
The present invention relates to incandescent lamps. Itsobject is to improve the operation of these lamps and particularly to obviate tliediscoloration of the bulb which sometimes occurs early in the life of'the lamp, that is, before the deposition of a film by the gradual accumulation of material evaporated from the incandescent filament during the normal operation of the lamp.
This premature discolor-ation of the bulb of tungsten filament incandescent lamps is usually accompanied by a decrease in the useful life of the lamp. Apparently, the discoloration is an indication of the presence of Water vapor in the lamp. It is not liable to appear if the lamp is given long and careful exhaust at high temperature, but it is desirable that lamps exhausted by the commercial methods ordinarily used in the lamp factory operate Without discoloration and With a normal length of life.
In accordance with my invention I apply to the filament of the lamp some carbon preferably in such a form that it is uniformly distributed on the filament in a finely divided state. When the filament is incandesced the carbon disappears, but apparently by chemical combination with deleterious gases exerts some influence or effect which prevents early discoloration of the bulb and enables me to produce a lamp which will 0perate for a normal useful life without objectionable blackening.
I prefer to use carbon in the very finely divided form found in the commercial product known as Aquadag which I understand contains graphite in a colloidal form. The amount of carbon necessary to produce the desired results is very small, ordinarily of the order of about of one per cent of the weight of the filament. Too much carbon does not discolor the bulb but weakens the filament apparently by chemically combining therewith.
The finely divided carbon may be applied to the filament in various ways as long as it is distributed with substantial uniformity. A convenient method which I have used with success is to add to commercial concentrated Aquadag enough distilled water to produce a liquid containing above five per cent by Weight of concentrated Aquadag in suspension. This liquid may be applied upon the filament in a very fine spray obtained by the use of an atomizer or spraying bottle. If
Application filed March 2, 1922. Serial No. 540,611.
the filament is heated to a temperature about that at which paper scorches, the carbon in suspension will stick to it. A convenient way of applying the carbon is to distribute the filaments uniformly over a sheet of paper on a rotating -llOt plate. The temperature can be raised to the point where the paper begins to'scorrh, and when this occurs, the liquid containing five per cent Aquadag is sprayed over the paper and the filaments as uniformly as possible. If the spraying is conducted under proper conditions, the carbon will sticlrto the filaments and dry on them as fast as sprayed, but if the temperature is not high enough, black streaks will be found on the paper beneath the filaments.
I have to nail that the right amount of car bon will be applied to the filaments if about 20 cubic centimeters of the liquid containing 5% of Aquadag is uniformly sprayed over an area of about 70 to 80 sq. inches. The filaments should be distributed over this area so that every filament will be exposed as much as possible to the spray.
For most purposes it is advantageous to mix some red phosphorus with the carbon. I have obtained good results with a suspension in water of about equal parts by weight of carbon and of red phosphorus. To obtain a suitable mixture of phosphorus and carbon, I prefer to suspend in distilled Water enough finely ground red phosphorus to make a liquid containing about 3% by weight of phosphorus. I have found that when phosphorus is used less carbon is necessary, and that only about 10 cubic centimeters of the Aquadag solution is required for spraying an area of 70 to 80 sq. inches if about 5 cubic centimeters of this liquid containing 3% of phosphorus is mixed with Aquadag solution. This smaller amount of carbon is advantageous, as a comparatively large amount of carbon on the filament causes difiiculty in factory operations, particularly in welding the carbon coated filament to the leads of the lamp.
I prefer to mix the liquids containing the Aquadag and the phosphorus at the time of using them, as the carbon has a tendency to settle out if the mixture containing phosphorus and carbon stands for a long time. If too much phosphorus is added a discoloration of the bulb will be observed and if too much carbon is added, there will be an attack upon the filament.
The carbon may be applied in other ways than by spraying as for example, by dipping the filament into a suspension of the proper concentration, but it is more diflicult to obtain the proper distribution of the carbon by dipping the filament than by spraying it.
Forms of carbon besides Aquadag can be used in the practiceof my invention. I have obtained good results with inks such as india ink, in which finely divided carbon is suspended; and with finely divided lamp black. If desired, the carbon may be derived from compounds which decompose in contact with the heated filament and leave a residue. of carbon, as for example, starch, gum arabic and various aniline dyes.
After the filament is coated with carbon I it is mounted in the bulb and then either types.
during exhaust or after the lamp is sealed oil the filament is brought up to incandescence whereupon the carbon disappears from the filament and produces the desirable results above described, although the'presenee of the carbon in the lamp is difiicult to detect.
My invention is applicable to various types of lamps but I have obtained the best results withgas filled lamps having closely coiled tungsten filaments of the concentrated Gas filled lamps are described in Langmuir Patent l lo 1,180,159. The greatest difiiculty with discoloration and short life is encountered in lamps such as are used for headlights on automobiles and which are constructed to operate at voltage of 12 to 24 volts. In such lamps my invention can be used to particular advantage, although useful on many other types and sizes of lamps.
lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:
1. An incandescent lamp comprising the combination of a bulb, an incandescent body of non-carbonaceous refractor material therein, and a quantity of soli carbonaceous material applied to the surface of said body in a quantit effective to prevent discoloration of said iiulb during the early part of the life of said lamp but insufficient to materially change the physical properties of the body.
2. An incandescent lamp comprising the combination of a bulb, a filament of tungsten therein, and finely divided carbon applied to the surface of'said filament in an amount of about one-tenth per cent of the weight of the filament.
3. An electric lamp comprising a bulb, a tungsten filament therein, a filling of gas therein which is inert with respect to said filament and a quantity of carbon applied to said filament, said carbon being of such small amountms to be dissipated by incandescenee of the filament but large enough 0 1prevent premature discoloration of said 4. An article of manufacture comprising a lighting body of refractory metal and a quantity of carbon applied to the surface of said body in a quantity suificient to revent premature discoloration of a lamp ulb in which the lighting body is operated but insufiicient to materially change the physical properties of the body.
5. An article of manufacture comprising a lighting body of tungsten wire and a coating of carbon provided on the surface of said wire in an amount of about one-tenth per cent of the weight of the tungsten wire.
In -witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 24th day of February, 1922.
PERCY A. CAMPBELL.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL11667D NL11667C (en) | 1922-03-02 | ||
US540611A US1600203A (en) | 1922-03-02 | 1922-03-02 | Incandescent lamp |
FR561530D FR561530A (en) | 1922-03-02 | 1923-01-29 | Incandescent lamp improvements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US540611A US1600203A (en) | 1922-03-02 | 1922-03-02 | Incandescent lamp |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1600203A true US1600203A (en) | 1926-09-14 |
Family
ID=24156203
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US540611A Expired - Lifetime US1600203A (en) | 1922-03-02 | 1922-03-02 | Incandescent lamp |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1600203A (en) |
FR (1) | FR561530A (en) |
NL (1) | NL11667C (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463143A (en) * | 1947-06-23 | 1949-03-01 | Hynson Westcott & Dunning Inc | Anaerobe jar |
US4103042A (en) * | 1975-11-14 | 1978-07-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Hot filament, arc type ion source and method |
US4233536A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1980-11-11 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamp getter |
US4629935A (en) * | 1985-02-11 | 1986-12-16 | Gte Products Corporation | Tungsten-halogen lamp with organic and inorganic getters |
US4629936A (en) * | 1985-02-11 | 1986-12-16 | Gte Products Corporation | Tungsten-halogen lamp with means for reducing filament embrittlement |
US4923424A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
US4927398A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-22 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
-
0
- NL NL11667D patent/NL11667C/xx active
-
1922
- 1922-03-02 US US540611A patent/US1600203A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1923
- 1923-01-29 FR FR561530D patent/FR561530A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463143A (en) * | 1947-06-23 | 1949-03-01 | Hynson Westcott & Dunning Inc | Anaerobe jar |
US4103042A (en) * | 1975-11-14 | 1978-07-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Hot filament, arc type ion source and method |
US4233536A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1980-11-11 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamp getter |
US4629935A (en) * | 1985-02-11 | 1986-12-16 | Gte Products Corporation | Tungsten-halogen lamp with organic and inorganic getters |
US4629936A (en) * | 1985-02-11 | 1986-12-16 | Gte Products Corporation | Tungsten-halogen lamp with means for reducing filament embrittlement |
US4923424A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
US4927398A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-22 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL11667C (en) | |
FR561530A (en) | 1923-10-23 |
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