US1599241A - Electric incandescent lamp - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 7 1926.

G. MERY ELECTRIC INGANDESCENT LAMP Filed June 5, 1926 Patented Sept. 7, 1926.

UNITED STATES GEORG MERY, 0F VIENNA, AUSTRIA.

ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMP.

Application filed June 3, 1926, Serial No.

It is already known to provide an electric incandescent lamp with a tungsten filament which serves as the glower and is in theshape of a fine spiral with closely disposed windings and to fill the bulb wlth an inert gas which is a poor conductor of heat, particularly nitrogen or argon. Thereby it is possible to considerably lncrease the'temperature of the filament and thus the lum1- nous power and in spite of this to prevent the danger of vaporization of the filamentmaterial. It has been proposed also to pro duce from the helically wound filament, as above referred to, a helix of greater or smaller length and to use the same as a glower for electric incandescent lamps.

In view of the observation, that the loss of heat of the glowing spiral by convectlon is reduced and thus the economy of the lamp is increased according to the increase of the diameter of the spiral-with respect to 1ts length, I have designed a glower, which consists of a structure, formed of at least two wires, both of which are helically wound together and each of which is of helical shape. This structure may again be wound in the manner of a screw-line.

With such glowers an econom of about 0.3 watt per Hefner candle an even less can be obtained.

One mode of carrying out the present invention is illustrated by way of example on the accompanying sheet of drawings in which Fig. 1 shows a complete incandescent lamp constructed according to the invention.

Fig. 2 illustrates the glower, and

Fig. 3 a. glower and a particular construction of the glower-support.

Fig. 4 shows a particular construction of the neck of the bulb.

Figure 5 is a view showing two of the primary helices and their cores.

Figure 6 is a view showing two such primary helices wound on a core to form a secondary helix.

Figure 7 is an end view of one coil of a tertiary helix formed by winding the structure shown in Figure 6'into helical shape.

Figure 8 shows a modified form of secondary helix in which the two primary helices and their cores are twisted together and coiled to form the secondary helix.

For manufacturing the glower, at least two helical wires, usually termed wire- 113,515, and in Austria October 27, 1884.

spirals, are wound about each other according to a screw-line, so that again a wirespiral is the result. Two or' more spirals, composed in this manner, may be now further united with each other to a helix in a spiral-winding machine. that by this method also more than two spirals. may be started with. Instead of a number of helical wires also a single helical wire of suitable length ma be employed, which is several times turne off in a zigzag line, whereafter the branches thus obtained are coiled together into the shape of a screwkm in the way of the embodiments above referred to.

The windings as well as the pitch of the individual windings have not to be like each other.

For producing the helixes according to the present invention, the helical wire to be started with may be wound round a core of copper or any other pliant material. Now these primary helixes are again wound together on a core of the said material and so forth. In Fig. 2, the glower consisting of helixes, which are coiled together, is designated with the character 14, while 15 designates the core, used for forming the helix.

In Figure 6 there is disclosed a pair of primary helices 14 formed by winding filaments on cores 15. In the construction of the glower two or more of these primary helices are wound on a core 15 as shown in Figure 6, the two primary helices being indicated at 1 1 and 143. This core is then wound to helical form as shown in Figure 7 thus forming a tertiary helix.

In the form shown in Figure 8 the cores 15 with the primary helices 14 wound thereon are twisted together and then coiled to form the secondary helix.

After forming the helical structure, the same is heated to red-heat in hydrogen or in another inert atmosphere, in order that it may maintain its final shape. Now the cores are removed by suitable means, which do not afiect the filament, which latter preferably consists of tungsten, thus whenmaln'ng the cores for instance of copper the same can be dissolved out by an acid.

The employment of a core, in order to facilitate the shaping of the helix, is not absolutely necessary and may be replaced by any other measure, which facilitates the winding of the helix. By means of the pres- It is obvious,

cut invention the length of the glower can be considerably reduced, and this will be readily recognized if it is taken into considoration, that for instance the length of a I structure on a support consisting of a material, which is a non-conductor of heat and, is heat-resisting, the helical structure being for instance wound round the support. The latter may consist of a highly refractory oxide, such as zirconia or a mixture of such oxides. In order to prevent the sliding off of the helical structure from the support, small stops or knobs of a heat-resisting and non-conducting material may be secured to both ends of the said support.

The helical members may be mounted on the support either before or after, the removal of the core. The glower is connected with the current-supply wires in the usual -manner. Inorder to obtain a uniform emission of light it is of advantage to form the glower in such a manner, that one half of the secondary helix is bent with respect to the other half thereof at an angle of about 60 degrees (see Fig. 3), which of course renders necessary a bending of the small support-bar in the same angle, whereby the angle of the small support-bar may be carried by a rod 18 (Fig. 3), secured to the socket of the lamp or its bar and preferably consisting. of molybdenum or tungsten-wire.

The incandescent lamp, constructed according to the present invention, may be filled with a gas such as nitrogen or argon,' or it may be evacuated and used as vacuum lamp. In consequnce of the high temperature of the glower and the circulation of the gas, which takes place in the lamp if the same is filled with gas, the parts of the lamp are heated which come in contact with the hot gases rising upward, this being particularly the case with respect to the lamp-socket, so that it is advisable. to force the gases to pass up a certain way along the glower and give up their heat, without impairing the life of the lamp. In

order to obtain this object a cylindric or bell-shaped member 8 is provided, which consists of a transparent material, such as glass or mica, and is open at the bottom side facing the glower 1 and closed at its top side 9 facing the place of admission of'the currentconductor, while near its top end the said member 8 is furnished with. openngs 10. The cylindric member preferably is of such a diameter, that in cross-sectional p area it approximately corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the concentric annular space, remaining between its outside and the inner wall of the neck of the bulb. In the illustrated embodiment the cylindric hollow member forms a draft tube which is fused to the glass-rod 7, the latter being fused-to the member 5 through which pass the current-carrying wires 6. The current-- supply wires 2 pass through the top face of the cylindric member 8 and may be held in position in the middle portion of the latter-by means of positioning members 11.

The hot gas passes upward from the glower 1. through the cylindric member 8 and out of the latter by the openings 16, it is cooled by passing along the wall of the bulb-neck and drops down in the space between this wall and the outside wall of the cylindric member 8. Thereby it is not only rendered impossible for the heat of the glower to damage the place of admission'of the current-supply wires and the socket of the lamp, but moreoverthe vaporized metal of the glower is deposited in the upper part of the lamp, so that the bottom part of the lamp remains clean and its life is increased.

As above set forth, the circulating gas is mainly cooled along the inner wall of the neck of' the lamp. Therefore it is of advantage to considerably increase the surface of the neck of the incandescent lamp. In order to obtain this object the neck is corrugated at 12, but if desired the surface may be increased also by furnishing the neck of the lamp with ribs. The corrugations 12 may be of any desired shape or may be replaced by flanges or the like. As shown, the length of the neck of the lamp may be decreased without lessening the area of the cooling surface by providing the same with corrugations, which is of considerable advantage in comparison to the known lamps.

Besides the advanta e of the small amount of energy of a out 0.3 watt per Hefner candle power above referred to, the lanip according :to the present invention possesses the further advantage that, owing to the smaller volume of the glower, the glass bulb can be smaller than in the case of the known lamps of corresponding candle power, whereby the costs of manufacture are considerably reduced.

I claim:

1. A glower for incandescent electric lamps including a plurality of helically wound filaments forming a plurality of primary helices, said primary helices being wound about a common axis to form a plural threaded secondary helix.

2. A glower for incandescent electric lamps including a plurality of helically wound filaments forming a plurality of primary helices, said primary helices being wound about a common axis to form a plural threaded secondary helix, the axis of the secondary helix being itself a helix whereby to form a tertiary helix.

3. A method of producing a glower of helical shape for electric incandescent lamps consisting in winding filaments on cores, helically winding together these filaments provided with the cores, helically winding up the structure thus formed on a support of a heat-resisting and non-conducting material, and finally removing the cores.

4. Amethod of producing a glower for electric incandescent lamps consisting in winding filaments on cores, helically windin" together upon a core these filaments provided with the cores first mentioned, helically winding up the structure thus formed on a support of a heat-resisting and non-conducting material, and finally removing the cores.

5. A method of producing a glower for electric incandescent lamps consisting in winding filaments on cores, helically winding together these filaments provided with the cores, heating the structure thus formed up to-a red-hot condition, helically winding up the structure on a support of a heat-resisting and non-conducting material, and finally removing the cores. 1

6. A method of producing a glower of helical shape for electric incandescent lamps consisting in winding filaments on cores, helically winding together these filaments provided with thecores, helically winding up the structure thus formed on a V-shaped support of a heat-resisting and non-conducting material, and finally removing the cores. 7. An electric incandescent lamp provided with a glower and with a device for deflcct-' ing the hot gas-current from the leading-in place of the current-supply wires and the lamp-socket, in which the said device consists of a cylindrically-shaped hollow member arranged some distance above the glower between the latter and the lamp-socket, and

lateral openings in the said member, for the purpose specified.

8. An electric incandescent lamp provided with a glower and with a device for deflecting the hot gas-currei'it from the leading-in place of the current-supply Wires and the lamp-socket, in which the said device consists of a cylindrically-shaped hollow member arranged some distance above the glower between the latter and the lamp-socket, lateral openings in the said member, and corrugations in the neck of thebulb, for the purpose specified.

9. An electric incandescent lamp provided with a glower and with a device for deflecting the hot gas-current .from the leading-in place. of the current-supply wires and the lamp-socket, in which the said device consists of a cylindrically-shaped hollow member arranged some distance alcove the glower between the latter and the lamp-socket, lateral openings in the said member, and ribs in the neck of the bulb, for the purpose specified.

10. An electric incandescent lamp provided with a glower and with a device for deflecting the hot gas-current from the leading-in place of the current-supply wires and the lamp socket, in which the said device consists of a bell-shaped hollow member arranged some distance above the glower between the latter and the lamp-socket, and

lateral openings in the said member, for the purpose specified.

11. An electric incandescent lamp vided with a deflecting the ot gas-current from the leading-in place of the current-supply wires and the lamp socket, in which the said device consists of a bell-shaped hollow member arranged some distance above the-:glower between the latter and the lamp-socket, lat- ,eral openings in the said member, and corrugations in the neck of tlte bulb, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

GEORG MER'Y.

prolower and with a device for

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