US1596605A - Method of and appliance for erecting building walls - Google Patents

Description

6 Shasta-Sheet 1 attozmtp Aug. 17 1926 F. R. EVANS METHOD or' AND APPLIANCE FOR EnEcTING BUILDING WALLS Filed Nov. 22, 1923 Aug. 17 1926.

F. R. EVANS METHOD QF AND APPLIANCE FOR ERECTING BUILDING WALLS Filed Novv 22, 192s s Smets-snaai.4 2

W) 4 ,nsf-L ai k u *i Q ma gg g si l ZEW ,l 'y d@ q` 'N A' ./ll m JW A si. o *Q Aug. 17 1926.

F. R. EvNs METHOD OF AND APPLIANCE FOR EREQTING BUILDING WALLS Filed Nov- 22, 192s e sheets-sheet a Aug. 17 1926. 1,596,605

F. R. EVANS METHOD 0F AND APPLIANGE FOR ERECTING BILDING WALLS Filed Nov 22, 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Aug. .11, 192s. 1,596,605.

F. R. EVANS umnov or AND APPLIANca Fox mmc'rme BUILDING wALLs Filed Nw 22, 1923 s sheets-sheet s F. R. EVANS METHOD AND APPLIANCE FOR ERECTINGvBUILDING WALLS Filed Nov. 22, 1923 s sheets-sheet e a@ ffl,

Patented ug. l?, 1926.

FRANK R. EVANS, OF ZANESVLLE, OHIO.

METHOD OF AND APPLIANCE FOR, ERECTING BUILDING WALLS.

Application 1ed November This invention relates to a novel method of and appliances for erecting building walls and similar' structures.

It has been the custom heretofore to erect 5 brick building walls by laying the outer courses of bricks which are to constitute the facing courses of the wall, and back these courses up by laying backing courses in rear thereof. Both of these operations have been performed solely by hand and it is a well recognized fact that considerable skill is required on the part of a brick layer to lay the courses which comprise the wall.- This is particularly true of the facing courses for they must be laid with exceptional care in order that the outer surface of the wall may be plane and likewise in order that the wall may be plumb. lVhile less care and skill is required in laying the backing courses, nevertheless this is a time-consuming task and an item of expense, both for labor and material. After such a wall has been erected, it is necessary to plaster the same and this too requires experience and involves expense. lhile as stated, the same degree of care and skill is not required to be exercised in laying the backing courses of the wall, nevertheless, this may be donefwith sufficient care to render the inner face 3o 'of the wall sufliciently smooth to permit of the pl-astering operation being properly performed. Another| well known and popular method of erecting a building wall is to lay the facing courses of bricks and back up` the facing wall with building tile, but in this method as in the preceding one, experienced bricklayers must Abe employed if the work is to be performed in a satisfactory manner. .in both of these common methods, exceptional skill must be employed in erecting the corners of the structure in order that the same may be precisely'plumb, any deviation from the perpendicular at these portions of a building structure being very noticeable whereas slight deviations from ra plane surface at one or more portions of the intermediate area of a building wall may not be so noticeable. It is for this reason that in erecting a building, the more eX 60 porienced bricklayers are selected to lay the corner courses of the facing` wall and even to lay the backing courses at this portion of the structure. Very naturally the emordinary methods.

22, 1923. Serial No. 676,440.

ployment of skilled labor 'adds materially to the cost of erection of the structure. In consideration of the foregoing. it is the primary object ofthe present invention to evolve a method of and appliances for erecting' building walls, by carrying out which method and employing which appliances, even the most unskilled workmen may be employed and, by their labors, erect a'wall vwhich willbe precisely plumb and the facing surface of which will be plane throughout its entire area, the vnature of the invention being such that infollowing the method and employing the appliances, a building wall may be erected in a fraction of the time which would be required under the employment of skilled laborers and 'following the In backing up facing wall courses, and by the old method 'in which the backing vis done by laying the backingl course of brick or tile, the cost of the material is considerable even though yan inferior quality of bricksbe employed for the backing courses, in the former instance, and it is therefore another important object of the 'invention to evolve a method whereby the backing of the facing wall may be effected at a much lower cost bothfor material and for labor and at the same time a much more substantial and durable wall be produced.

As previously pointed out, in erecting a building wall by the `methods now in common use, the greatest skill must be exercised in layingdthe corner courses. Therefore it is another very important object of the present kinvention to provide means whereby these courses may be laid with great accuracy by unskilled workmen so that not only `may the contractor avoid the expense of employing skilled labor but the further advantage-is gained that by the use of the presentinvention the corners of the structure may be erected with much greater accuracy'than where skilled labor is employed under the old methods.V

The ordinary methods of erecting brick or other walls present another disadvantage,

namely that scaffolding must be erected on which the workmen may stand while laying thecourses and upon which the bricks and mortar may be supported for their use. Wood is the material commonly employed salvage is not considerable and the loss thus sustained must be added to the cost ofr erect-- ing the wall. Therefore, it is another important object of the invention to provide a temporary structure which-will serve all of the purposes of the ordinary scaffolding in the process of building the wall and which will present a decided advantage over th-e ordinary temporary scaffolding, namely that practically every memberV or device employed in the construction of the same may be recovered after the wall has been erected and employed time after time ijn future operations, so that bythe present invention there is saved, to the builder, the expense incident to thev erection and salvage of the ordinary wood scaffolding.

As regards the temporary structure referred to above, itis another object of the invention to provide therein a novel plat.- form support, means for supporting the same, andV means whereby the supporting means may be elevated in a moet convenient manner as the building operation progresses so that there is no neces-sity for interrupting the work ofthe bricklayers, as in the old methods, while carpenters add to thewooden scaffold strjuct'ure. p

As before pointed out, and as has been demonstrated by the actual erection of a building structure, in accordance with the principlesof the present invention, the invention contemplates that this *workV be rendered capable of accomplishment by the the most unskilled workmen with an ex ceptional degree of accuracy and with this end in view the invention embodies, a-s another important feature, meansy adapted to be elevated from time to time during the building operation, and constituting a brick laying guide against which the workmen may dispose the bricks to be laid, with as'- surance that when properly disposed against the guide and mortar appliedy in the usual manner, the courses will be accurately and correctly located. In this manner, and by this means, the necessity of applying plumb and level to the wall during the course of erection thereof is entirely obviated and much time is saved and the work is performed in a more accurate mannerand more expeditiously.

It is now generally recognized that concrete constitutesan excellent building material butit has likewise been found that it alone cannot be employed in the erection of building walls. The material absorbs moisture and, due to atmospheric changes, is subiect to cracking and disintegration.

Therefore, notwithstanding its otherwise substantial and durable qualities, its use as a material, alone, in the construction of building walls, has been practically abandon-ed. Of course, if a building wall could be constructed of this material and protected from the elements, a. durable and substantial structurev would be the result. However, sofar as I am aware, this has not been accomplished prior to my invention. Therefore the present invention has as a further important object to provide means whereby a wall maybe erected comprisino' a facing wall of brick. or vother facing material and a backing wall of concrete so that the wall moisture therefrom, thereby eliminating the l factors which ordinarily cauce cracking and disintegration of concrete.

Another important object of the invention', so far as regards the construction of a building wall from brick and a concrete backing', is-to evolve a method whereby the bricks may be laid and the backing poured in such a mann-er as to not only effect union between the two sections of the wall, but likewise in such .a manner that the brick facing section will constitute one wall of the mold into which the concrctevbacking is poured so that, unlike ythe rmethods followed in building a wall of concrete alone, there is no necessity of constructing a complete mold orform for this purpose. In this connection, the invention has as a further object to provide an adjustable mold wall member and means for supporting the same in such a manner as to permit of elevation of the said member at successive periods in the building operation.

. Still another object of the invention is to soV construct the mold wall member that lOl) by its use, the backing sectiouof the buildl ing wall, will, at the time of its completion, present .a smooth and unbroken surface in which no joints or seams will appear and which surface may be finished in any of the well-known ways. f

Another object of the invention is to so construct the temporary structure employed in carrying lout the method, that its component parts may be adjusted and arranged in various ways so as to provide for offsets and various other structural devations from a straightor plane wall, as occasion may re quire during the process of erection.

lill) In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a perspectiv-e view illustrating the initial steps in the method of constructing a building in accordance with the principles of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section illustrating the appliances or apparatus employed in carrying out the method and likewise illustrating several succeeding .steps in the method; j

Figure 3 is a detail horizontal sectional view taken substantially on the line 3 3 of Figure 2 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;

Figure l is a detail view partly' in eleva tion and partly in section illustrating Vthe brick laying guide of the invention, the parts being shown in the position which vthey will assume during the brick laying operation; y

Figure 5 is a similar view illustratingtlie positions assumed by the parts, when it is desired to. point the course or courses of bricks which have been laid;

Figure 6 is` a view in front elevation of the brick laying. guide structure; l

Figure 7 is av perspective vew'illustrating component parts of thesaid structure disassembled FigureS is a detail vertical transverse 'sectional viewon the line SMS of Figure 4f;

Figure 9 is a perspective view illustrating lone form of attaching means for the bi1-ackw ets of the brick laying guide,

Figure 1.0 is a fragmentary view in elevation of one of the rack bars which Vconstitutes a supporting means for the brick laye ing guide;

Figure ll is ay fragmentary perspective view in Vdetail illustrating means provided for slightly displacing the mold wall meinber to permitof its vertical adjustment without disturbing the concrete backing which has been poured; i

Figure l2 is a vertical sectional view, parts being shown in elevation, illustrating the manner of carrying out the invention in cases where thel facing wall is to be backed by tile;

Figurey 13 isa similar view illustrating the manner of carrying out the invention where the brick;

Figure 14 is a similar view illustrating another way in which the invention can be practiced.

Figure l; of the drawings illustrates in a general way the first steps which are to be carried out in erecting the walls of a buildingstructure by the method of the present invention., In carrying out the method, the

.first vstep consists in digging an excavation,

E, on the site where the building structure vis to `be erected, the contour and dimensions of this excavation corresponding tothe A merals o facing wall is tojbe backed by` .exterior contour and dimensions ofthe foundation of the saidibuilding structure. In the bottom of the excavation there is then f dug a trench indicated by the reference letter T which trench extends around the sides and ends of the excavation. Concrete is then poured into the trench and, when it sets, forms the footing Vl of the foundation ofthe building structure, the footing being preferably flush with the bottom surface of the excavation E as illustratedin the said tangular form Vand of a relatively small size, and in thisparticular instance it will be found advisable tolocateone of the bolts flat each corner of the foundation, and a pair of theV bolts between each two corners of the foundation at each of the longer sides 4thereof and preferably midway between the said corners. This arrangement, however, is purely an arbitrary one and it will be understood that it is merely illustrative of one application of the invention and that the ar rangement may be variously modified depending upon circumstances. `The appliances employed in carrying out the method of the invention are supported upon a skeleton `frame structure'which comprises uprights indicated in the drawings-by the nuandll. The uprights 3 are preferably ofangle iron of L-form in cross section, and theuprights l are preferably of T- form. Foot brackets 5 are secured to the lower ends of the uprights 3 and are fitted to the `projecting threaded Shanks of the bolts 2 at the corners of the foundation. Similar foot brackets 6 aresecuredl to the lower ends of the uprights land engage the' respective pairs of bolts atfthe longer sides of the foundation and are secured in place by nuts. The upriglits having been arranged in the manner illlustrated y'and described and having-'been firmly andfsecurely united to the Vfooting l of 'the foundation, the sev-y eral uprights are connected and relatively bracedv by anyV suitable means, such, for

example, as tie wires 7 which may be tensioned by turn buerles 8, Vand likewise by wires E) which may be tensioned by turn buckles l0, the guy wires 9 extending downwardly from the uprights to stakes r other anchoring devices ll located outwardly oeyond the walls of the excavation lninountinc' the unriehts in lace and zo L o i lio j vin 'adjusting the tie and guy ioare :is

tending in a longitudinal seriesralong each Wing las clearly shown in Figure l.

The irst one of the devices mirth-is brought into'use, in carrying` fout the method beyondy the stepv above recited, is a mold membeil Whichfis indicated Vgeneral by the j numeral 1 This device compri-ses a 1,0.' mold Wall member ll Which may, as illustrated most clearly in Figure 2 of the drawings, be in the form` ofa channel-iron beam roi: a suitable length andfembodying upper and lower flanges 15 :and 16 fand connectine; Web 1?.' A t its ends, the mold Wall'y member 1li its flanges 1,5 and 16 cut away or recessed, as indicated by the numerals Ti-'S s 4 as the case `maybe and it will be 'evident and '19 res aectivel T so las to adajt the ends of the said member ,for disposal 'against the f the angle iron u youter sides ofthe uprights ol theeskeleton frame structure heretofore described.. `One of the members -14 maybe arrangedtojextend between l'two of lthe uprights o and transversely' of one or the other of the ends of the skeleton Jframe structure, and :likewise the same orothercorresponding memberslll" may. be disposed'to extend between, any of the'uprights '3 and the next adjacentY upright il. ln any 'event the 1recesses 18 and 19 inthe flanges 15 and 1G will be so formed that when the member .11i is properly arranged against two `of the uprights-as, for example, two of the uprights 3, the outer face of the Web 17 of the said member will occupy a vertical plane, and this face ofv the `memberwill be finished smooth.l The numeral 2O indicates in' general V rack-bars which. constitute supporting` means forvfthe 75. mold Wall member 14:.- Each of vtherack ba-rslis provided longitudinallyuof one edge with a rseriesotteeth 21.., and eachbar is provided at points in its length as, for example, adjacent each end and lat opposite sides of and relatively close to `a point .midway between `its ends, with bosses 22 which are formed upon one l'lace thereof. The barsv are likewise formed, at the points ot' location ofthe bosses, Withopenings 23 which are in alinement with the openings in the bosses,

and bolts 2li are adapted to be fitted `through the openi es 12 inthe-*Wings or flanges oi .prigh'ts and througlli the "said openings 33 and yhave nuts 25 fitted on their ends and bearing against the respective-rack bar, the bolts and nuts ser-ying tosecure the rack bar to the angle iron uprights, and 'the bosses 2v2 serving" to space kthe rack bars a short distance -from the plane of the inner side oic the Wing of the angle iron to Whichy it is secured. In orderV that the vmold Wall member. le my, be byv the Track 'bars upon "two adjacent Jones oit the upiig'hts the respective rack bar 20, and mods ane pivotafllv' "connected with the 'other Varms oitlie two .rocfkers und :likewise Vpi-votally Connected to, the farms 33 of'fa'n. "operating lever 34 which '1s :mounted for. oscillation, as at 35, upon the 'member i4. The eng:

ment of the pawls With the teeth of the rack -barsserves ot course tosupport the member 14 imposition .upon Vtheuprige/"lits 3 or Saud that upon oscillating the lever Se, th'e'roiclers "26 will :be so foscillatedrasgtocause the :pawls 30 and 28 to alternat'ely `ride over :and engage 'above the respective teethguiponfthe opposing spring 311m engagement 'with the teethfotY edges Yofthe rackbars` this constituting means whereby the member 14 may elevated from` time to time .as the building operation progresses.

'ord-'er that the member lfllxmay be maintained in proper relation tothe uprights 'of the skeleton frame struct-ure and yetlmve slight freedom of play Wliiehivill Epresentlyfbe explained, small clips 36 `are bolted or otherwise removably secured upon the web' 17 of the nember. 1,4 and loosely engage over the margins of the flanges `of the'gang-le iron` u-prights against which the ends ofthe said' member 14 are disposed. l l

Having arranged one yor more of the members Min proper position Vupon the uprights, the said member or member-s occupying a .position at the extreme lower'fen'd ot the uprighs, conc-rete is pouredl into the spacebetween `the smooth linished Jfaces of ,the said `members V14: and the-Wall of the'ex- Vbodily ele-vate the member luntil the lowertlange 16 thereof occupies :a plane slightlybelow'the plane'of the `surtace of the poured concrete mass, and this operation is `repeated until the main foundation,which is indicated in the drawings by the numeral 37, has 'been completely formed, thiszfoundation being formed, Vot "course,V directlyv upon-the j looting 1 thereof and-as illustrated in. Figure'2. The main tonnel-ation will., ofcourse, extend, in that embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure-2, substantially tothe groundsurfaceyand from tiis'point throughout the remaining steps of the method, the procedure. is somewhat different from that just described. irt this point it may be explained that the pouring operation is more or less a continuous one; that is to say, the

,mold space between the mold member 14 and the wall of the excavation at one end of the excavation may, for example, be iilled by poured concrete, and the concrete mass be permitted to remain confined within the mold chamber provided by the said wall'of the excavation, the memberli, and the footing 1, assuming that the building of the main foundation 37 has just been begun, and then the workmen may proceed along one side of the excavation, thence along the other end thereof, and nally along the other side of the excavation. By this time, ordinarily, it will be found that the first poured concrete has set sufficiently to permit of upward adjustment of the mold member 14 so that the pouring operation 'may be again begun at the first mentioned end of the excavation and continued as before until the entire main foundation 37 has been completed. rihis method of procedure could, of course, be followed, with advantage, by a single workman, while on the other hand if a number of workmen were employed on the building, they might be so arranged along the sides and ends of the excavation as to permit of all sides and ends being poured simultaneously. The manner of procedure in carrying out this step of the method may be lef more or less to the judgment of the workmen or contractor and will, of course, depend more or less upon the number of workmen employed and the size of the building structure. l

The mold members 14 are adjusted upwardly whileJ the concrete mass molded thereby is still in a semi-plastic state, and in order to prevent any distortion of the surface of the mass due to sliding frictional Contact of the smooth face of the member 14 therewith, means is provided which will now be described. rlihe numeral 38 indicates rods which are pivotally connected at relatively adjacent ends to the arms 39 of an operating lever 40 pivotally mounted, as at 41, upon the web 17 of each member 14, and the opposite or outer ends of the rods are provided with wedges 42 which ride against inclined portions 43 formed upon the inner sides of the web portion 17, the wedges 42 entering between the said faces 43 and the outer sides of the respective uprights of the skeleton frame structure against which the member 14 is disposed. rIhe wedges 42 are located immediately abovethe lower ianges 16 and below the clips 36. y n practice, the lever 40 willbe rocked about its pivot so as to exert endwise thrust against the rods 38V and thus slide the wedges 42 into position between the inclined faces; 43 and the said outer faces of the uprights of the skeleton frame, prior to the pouring of the concrete. After the concrete has been poured and immediately prior to adjusting the member 14 upwardly to position wher-ea further pouring may take place, the said lever 40 is manipulated so as to pull upon the rods 38 and slide the wedges 42 inwardly, thereby permitting the member 14 to have a slight tilting movement so that it will, at its lower portion, recede from the face of the poured mass of concrete just sufficient to prevent this portion of the member 14 exerting any appreciable pressure against the face of the concrete mass. Should the member 14 be immediately shifted upwardly, the frictional contact of its smooth finished face with the semi-plastic concrete might tend toexert a pull upon the mass and distort the saine. This may be avoided .by moving the member 14 vdownwardly a short distance immediately prior to shifting it upwardly so as to thereby overcome toa greater or less degree the adherence of the concrete to the face of the said member, and this is effected by mounting a lhand operated rocker 41 upon the member 14 and extending rodsor wires 42 from the ends of this rocker to the pawls 28 so that when the rocker is manually turned in one direction, the pawls will be retracted from engagement with the different racks 20 and the lever 34 may then be manipulated so as to permit the4 member 14 to lower a short distance as, for example, the length of one of the rack teeth, after which the rocker 41 may be released and the springs- 29 will return the pawls 28 to positionv coacting with the respective racks, and the lever 34 may then be actuated to elevate the said member 14, and the pouring operation resumed. As some difficulty may at times be experienced in forcing the wedges 42 into place by operation of the lever 40, due to the pressure of the concrete against the member 14, it is preferable that the ends of the rods 38 be extended somewhat beyond the pivots which connect them with the arms 39 of the said lever 40 and that these projecting ends be formed with relatively blunt heads 44 against which hammer blows may be struck for the-purpose stated.

The foundation having been completed., the building of the wall proper is next to receive attention. The wall proper, in the embodiment of the invention now being described, comprises a facing wall sect-ion 45 made up of a number of courses of bricks 46, andl it likewise comprises a backing section which is indicated by the numeral 47 and which is of poured concrete. Having reached substantially the level of the ground surfac'e or, more specifically, the foundation 37, the mold member 14 is positioned as before and with its lower portion vengaging behind the face of the foundation near the the collar 73 and the washer 78 and being in this manner suspended for pivotal or swinging movement as will be readily understood. At this'poiiit it-will be;evident that by loosening one of the niits TT, the

hearing member G8 may be laterally dis-A placed so as to permit the serrations or teeth 7l clearing the teeth G7 whereupon thesaid bearing member may be slidably adjusted along the bracket arm l until the suspended brickl laying guide 79 has been adjusted to the proper distancefrom the plane of the building wall being erected, inthe event an offset is to be made in the wall, or until the said member has assumed a position with its working face in. tlie plane of theouter surface of the wall being built. The nut 77 may then be tightened so as to secure the bearing member 68 in place, andthe guide will then be suspended in position for use.

The suspension arms 8O of the brick laying guide are preferably located at the ends'of an angle iron `bar which constitutes in effect a straight edge, the depending or vertically disposed wing of the saidbar, indicated by the numeral 88, occupying averti cal plane when the guide is suspended in position for use, and the face of this wing of the bar being plane and constituting an abutment against which the bricks areto be laid in courses. It is preferable that the bar be reinforced by a second angle `bar 84; which .is disposed within the angle of the bar 82 and riveted or otherwise secured thereto as indicated by the numeral85. The reinforcing ybar Slwill, `of course, prevent any sagging of the intermediate portion of the barfSQ so that the upper side of the saidaar 82 will occupy a true horizontal or level pli-ine, ln other words, the bar 82 will, in

the use of the device, serve both as a level and a plumb. .lt is, of course, essential that the brick laying guide be held against out* Ward swinging movement while in use, and for this purpose a rock `lever 86 is mounted upon the upper side of the bar 82, and rods S7 are connected to the said lever at opposite sides of the pivot therefor and at their oppositeV ends' are connected to `sliding latches 88 which are mounted in suitable housings k89 upon the suspension arms 8O and which latches, through manipulation of the lever 86, may be projected into engage nient with the rear edge'of the body 69 of the bearing iiiembersGS. `The saidiear edges of the bearing membersof each brick laying' guide therefore constitute abutment means for the latches S8 and serve to prevent forward or loutward swinging moves ment of the said guide beyond the perpendicular.

In order to permitof the workmen point ing the rbricks as the courses are laid, it is of course essential that they brick laying guide be swung `away from the wall, and j this may be done by operating the lever so aste retract thelatches 88 and then so moving the said o'uide until it assumes substantially the position shown in Figuie of the drawings whereupon. the .lever may be again actuated toI project the latches into i engagement with the upper sides. of the respective bracket arms 5l, the engagement of the latcheswith the saidarms then serving to support the guide in theV position shown iii ther said figure and entirely clear ofthe wall.A In order that the bracket 419 may beV vertically adjusted upon the upriglits 8 andl l to correspondingly adjust the brick lay-V ing guides supported thereby, 'asthe builds.

ing operation progresses, each ybracket is providedl with a laterally projecting arm 90 i which extends rfrom its attaching base 5() and which supports, at its outer end, a lever,

91 pivotally mounted upon a pivot pin 92,

at a point between its ends.. A pawl 93 Vis freely supported at the inner end of theVV lever at one side of tliepivotpin 92, and a spring 94lbears against said pawl and holds the same yieldably in engagement with the teeth 2lv of the respective rack 20. l-

pawl 95 is likewise supported upon thepivot pin 92 and is yieldably held by a spring 9G, in engagement with the teeth of tive rack. Thus by operatingthe lever 91, thev corresponding brackets :may be shifted the respecupwardly along the upright upon which it is mounted.

The foundation having been laidaiid completed, the erection of the building Wall is continued by first positioning the mold wall member la so that the lower portion of its working face will abut against the inner side or face of the said foundation near the top thereof,` and the `brick laying guide is then so positioned that the face of the de.

pending flange 83 thereof will be substantially opposite the face ofthe member l/l and at suchelevation that bricks maybe tion is continued until a number of courses have been properly laid, the Aguide being swung away from theface of the wall at" suitable intervals, to permit of the mortar.

being struck and the wall thuspointed, dur-1 ing the operation. j number of courses of the bricks have been laid in the manner recited, concrete ispouredyiio After a predetermineuY,A

.s saved.

unusual postures he is' required to assume in laying the bricks, the work is liable to be performed in an unsatisfactory manner.

As the building operation progresses, it, of course, becomes necessary that means be provided for supporting the workmen and their materials at different elevations and the present invention therefore contemplates the provision of brackets 103 which are provided at their upper ends with attaching portions 104 adapting them to be secured to the lower flanges 16 of the mold wall members 14 as clearly shown in Figure 2 of the drawings. At their lower portions the brackets are provided with triangular rests 105 upon which platform planks orY boards 1l-06 may be secured for the purpose stated.

ln order to properly space the lower ends of the brackets and prevent tilting thereof with relation to the wall as the wall is constructed, spacing beams 107` are secured to the lower portions of the said brackets and are. interposed between these portions and the inner surface of the wall. It will be understood, of course, that the workman standing upon the platform thus provided may operate the lever 34 so as to elevate the platform to suit his convenience and this is a feature of decided importance for thereason that unlike the conditions existing where ordinary wooden scaffolding is built, the workman may at all times lay his bricks while he is standing in the most convenient posture, being neither required to stoop nor ben-d nor l to elevate his arms above his head. As a consequence, disregarding all other advantages which attend the carrying out of the method of the present invention, a workman is enabled to lay the bricks and pour the concrete backing or supply some other backing, without undue exertion and he can therefore perform his labors more expeditiously and in a more accurate manner.

By reference to Fig-ure 10 of the drawings, itwill be observed that the rack bars 20 serve not only the purpose which has heretofore been ascribed to them but they likewise serve as a bonding or tying means between the sections which constitute the uprights of the skeleton frame structure so that while section after section may be added to the different uprights as the building opera-l tion progresses, no interruption to the work. is occasioned and considerable time. is thus The rack bars are, of course, dis mounted from the uprights and arranged in a more elevated position as the work progresses, the bars which connect the successive sections of the uprights, however, being left infxplace until the buil-ding operation is entirely completed.

It has been found by actualv experiencer that a building wall erected by the method of the present invention will present a sm-ooth'and yattractiv,e .interipr finish which.

is not the case where the wall is backed by the ordinary methods and by laying tile or bricks in rear of the facing wall section. The. surface of the concrete backing is, as stated, smooth and therefore will readily accommodate any finishing materials which may be applied thereto. While the backing is exceptionally substantial and presents all of the advantages which might be obtained by the erection of a concrete wall, as such, it does n ot present the disadvantage that it is subjected to the elements, for the facing of vitreous material which is either in the form of bricks or tile, protects the backing from the elements so that moisture is not absorbed crumble or disintegrate. While particular reference has been made to the use of brick as a facing material, it' willbe understood that various materials might be employed for this purpose, such for example, as tile or split bricks, and as a matter of fact it is an important feature of the present invention that split bricks may be employed instead of whole bricks thereby effecting a very considerable saving in the cost of the materials.

In the foregoing descriptionof the invention particular reference has been made to the laying of a foundation or Vfooting as the first step of the method but this is not necessarily an important step inasmuch as in some soil conditions, the foundation might be laid without the necessity of first providingv a footing. For example, as illustrated in Figure 14 of the drawings, a. foot may or may not be laid and building block may be employed as the foundation material. Therefore, the uprights of the skeleton frame structure may be erected in some other manner than by being anchored to a footing. They may be driven into the ground where the soil conditions are suitable, or they may be set into concrete foundations cast in the excavation, or anchored by stakes, or in fact set up and sustained by any means found appropriate. Likewise, instead of employing bondingties such as the ties 97 previously referred to, the bricks may be laid at suitable u intervals in such a manner as to provide the well known header as a bond between the facing section of the wall and the backing section. v

By reference to Figure 3 of the drawings it will be observed that, at the corners of the wall, the members 82 of the brick laying guide meet end to end at right angles, so that when the bricks are laid in this angle,

-and therefore the backing is not liable to 'i they will be exactly squared. As a consequence, while an inexperienced person may lay the bricks, the corners of the building structure will be precisely plumb and square. and in fact more accurately laidthan would be-possible by manual labor alone.

As before pointed out, the uprights which i are to constitute the skeletonvv frame-.strucj ture, vare initially secured at their lower ends tothe footing which is molded 1n the. foundation, or are 1n some other manner mounted and supported at their lower ends.y As

the 'building ,operation progresses, the lower upriglits or sections may be removed and carried upwardly with the structure thereby permitting yof Vthe employment of but comparatively fjew of the uprights, the uprightsbeing, under these conditions, supported upon the completed portions of the wall by the tie bolts lOl.

As'before explained, the mortar between the eeurses of brick is Pointed or Streek, et the face of the wall, but this is'not done at the Ickl or inner side of the facing wall Sestriere@ that e Smell lin et mortar Will Preieet from between eeehv tWe eurerreee @suisse 0f.. brick., and when these lips set 01' harden, and-'tbe'. eeuerete is rented te 121'@- vide the baekingof the, wall, the lips will beejemeembeddfed inthe concrete and. e more intimate and firm union of the facing and baelnng sections et the wall .will be, effected- While it is not practicalte erect exterior building Walls. cfeellerete alene-f fer the reasons before explained, it is practical to erect interior or partitiQli walls of this material and it will' be evident therefore that the appliances embedying the present invention may be employed in carrying out this operation, it being only necessary to support upon the uprights 3 and e, twol of the f mold wall members 14 arrangedy in opposed relation to eachy other and proceed with the pouring of the COIlCrcte in the manner heretofore eXPlilined. v

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is A f l. The method o,f erecting a. building wallwhich comprises erecting skeleton treme structure, laying a facing wally section,'ar ranging a moldA wall memberin spaced relation to said:` facing wall; section', utilizing the said facing wall section and the .mold Wall member es thefwelle'ef e meld. ehember in Vpouring a backing for the facing wally Sect-ien; and tying the frame Structure t'e the wall as the wallY is constructed; and thereby carryingthe frame structureup. with the said wall.

2. The method of erecting a building wall which comprises digging excavation on.

thev site on wliiclrthe wallf is to bel erected, laying a foundation, erecting a frame structure in the eacavation including plumb uprights, Supporting. a meld Well member upon the uprights in plumb relation to the pleineof theY inner face 0f the Well te be erected., living a tacita Well -eeefee ie.

spaced; relaties'. te the e'efd meld Well inem.- ber, and utilizingF44 the' said facing wall sectieeand.. the, weldra-.11.' member reihe Welle ef.. meld dumber in laying. a. bee-kiest?? the facmg wall section.

3. In apparatus for use in the erection of a building wall, a support, and av mate-rial laying guide mounted Vupon the support and vertically adjustable thereon, the said guide being likewise mounted for movement outn wardly from the face of the wall in the course of erection thereof.

4. In apparatus for use in the erection ot a building wall, spaced uprights, and a material laying guide mounted upon the uprights and vertically adjustable thereon and supported for swinging movement to occupy a perpendicular plane Vand likewise to oc`- cupy a position swung away from the wal-l inthe course of erection to permit of finishing of the surface ofthe wall'.

5. In apparatus for use in the erection of a building wall, spaced uprights, brackets vertically adjustably mounted thereon, a material laying guide suspended for swinging movement between the brackets, means for holding the guide in position with its working side occupying a perpendicular plane, and operableV likewise'to hold the guide in a position swung away from the face of the wall being erected.

6L In apparatus for use in the erectionot a building wall, spaced uprights, brackets mounted upon the uprights for vertical adjustment thereon, a material laying guide suspendedI for vswinging rmovement, between thebrackets and having a vplaine, working face against whichl the material is tob'e laid', stop members upon the said brackets', and means upon `the guide for coaction with the stop members to maintain the guide in position' with'its working face perpendicular and in position swungaway from the face o f the wall. i

7. 11,1 apparatus for use in the erection'of ay building wall, spacedV uprights, vbrackets mounted upon the uprights for vertical adjustment therealong, bearing members mounted for adjustment upon the uprights toward and from thewplaneA ofA the uprights, arms. suspended from the bearings, and a materi al laying guide extending between the arms. t v

8., In apparatus for use inthe erection of a building wall, spaced uprights, fbrackets mounted upon the upright-s. for verticaly adjustment therealong, A bearing members mounted for` adjustment upon the uprights toward` and from the planeof the uprights, arms suspended from the bearings, a material laying guide extending kbetween the arms, and means for maintaining the said guide in position with its working face perpendicular and likewise in position swungaway from the face ofthe wall. i

9. In apparatus for use in the erection bf a1 building 'wa-lll, spaced uprightsj, a material laying guide 'mounted upon the uprights. and having aj planeabutnffentl face presented toward tliefupiglts, and? a mold wall member likewise mounted for vertical adjustment upon the uprights and having a plane mold face presented toward the plane abutment face of the guide.

l0. In apparatus for use in the erection of a building wall, spaced uprights, a material laying guide mounted upon the uprights and having plane abutment face presented toward the uprights, and a mold wall member likewise mounted for vertical adjustment upon the uprights and having a plane mold face presented toward the plane abut'- ment face ofthe guide, the said guide and mold wall member being independently adjustable.

ll. In apparatus for use in the erection of a building wall, a supporting structure, a material laying guide vertically adjustable upon the structure, and a mold wall member likewise vertically adjustable upon the structure, the said guide and mold wall member having opposing plane faces.

12. In apparatus for use in the erection of a building wall, spaced uprights, a mold wall member extending between the uprights and supported thereby for vertical adjustment, and a material laying guide supported between the upright: i, Opposition to the mold wall member.

13. In apparatus for use in the erection of a building wall, spaced uprights each comprising sections disposed in vertical alinement, rack bars mounted upon and secured to the sections of the uprights and constituting a means for connecting the scctions together in their vertically alined relation, a material coniining member vertically adjustably mounted upon the uprights, and means upon the guide for coaction with the rack to support the guide at various elevations.

lfl. In apparatus for use in the erection 0f a building wall, spaced uprights, a molt wall member vertically adjustably mounted upon the uprights, spacing means working between the said mold wall member and the faces of the uprights to hold the mold wall member in perpendicular relation during the molding operation, the said spacing means being displaceable subsequent to completicn of the molding operation, whereby to permit of slight displacement of the said mold wall member with relation to the face of the material which has been molded.

l5. In apparatus for use in the erection of a building wall, spaced uprights, a mold wall member vertically adjustably mounted upon the uprights, wedges operating between the mold wall member and the faces of the uprights, and means for adjusting th "wedges v l5. In apparatus for use in the erection of building wall, a temporary frame structurezomprising corner and intermediate uprights, mold wall members vertically adjust-- 'mounted upon the uprights able upon the said uprights and extending between the same, material laying' guides and vertically adjustable thereon and opposing the said mold wall members, the said members at their adjacent ends meeting at right angle and the said material laying guides liken wise meeting at their relatively adjacentends at a right angle, and scaffolding supporting brackets mounted upon the said mold wall members.

l?. In apparatus for use in the erection ef a building wall, spaced uprights, rack bars upon the uprights, a mold wail member extending between the uprights, and manually operable acking in ans mounted upon the said mold wall member and coacting with the rack bars and operable to effect ver*- tical adjustment of the said mold wall mem` ber upon the said uprights.-

i8. The method of erecting a building *fall which comprises the steps of erecting a temporary supporting structure, supporting upon the structure in plumb and level position a guide, laying facing bricks or the like against the guide to provide an outer facing wall section, arranging a mold Wall upon the said structure in spaced relation to the inner side of the said facing wall sec tion, and establishing a backing for the facing wall section by pouring concrete into the space between the said facing wall section and the mold wall.

19. The method of erecting a building wall which comprises the steps* of erecting a temporary supporting structure, supporting upon the structure in plumb and level position a guide, laying facing bricks or the like against the guide to provide an outer facing wall section, arranging a mold wall upon the said structure in spaced relation to the inner side of the said facing wall section, establishing a backing for the facing wall section by pouring concrete into the space between the said facing wall section and the mold wall, displacing the mold wall with relation to the molded mass of backing material after the said mass has partly set and then adjusting the said mold wall upwardly to a new position of adjustment, and continuing the operation.

20. The method of erecting a building wall which comprises the steps of making an excavation -on the site where the structure isto be erected, laying a footing of plastic material in the excavation, erecting uprights upon the footing, connecting the uprights by ties adjustable to permit of each upright to assume a true plumb position, disposing a mold wall upon the fuprights, pouring material between said Vmold Wall and the Wall of the excavation to provide the foundation of the wall structure, adjust-- ing the mold wall to different elevations as the pouring operation continues, until the lll) foundation has been completed, associating with the upriglits a metered laying guide in position opposing the Said mold Wall member, laying 'facingvmaerial against the Said gni'cle, :incl employing .the facing mate-- rial and +be said mold all es the Walls of a mold chamber andvk ponring backing matea rial into said chamber 'to'set and harden, and continuing tbe operation.

2l. The method of erecting a building Wall n/'hicn comprises erecting e Skeletonl ffreme structure including uprlglits lormecl in sections, laying a facing Wall section, arranging a mold Well member En spaced relation tosaid fee-ing Wall section, utilizizigbe Y Said facing Wall section and tno moll'n'all memberras the Walls '01"'. a mold chamber `in oonring' a bziclino" for the fzrein0f-wall Siec- D D v ing` them esk upper sections as the operation progresses.

ln testimony Wliereoz I afx my signeture.

FRANK R.. EVANS. [n Sq,

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