US1588962A - Steel square - Google Patents

Description

STEEL SQUARE 192.4 2 Sheets-Sheet l H. A. HARRISON June 15 1926.

Filed August 4,

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H. A. HARRISON STEEL SQUARE Patented June 15, 1926.

Y UNITED lSTATES,

HENRY A.' HARRISON, OF JAMESTOWN, NORTH DAKOTA.

STEEL SQUARE.

Application led August 4, 1924. Serial No. 730,029.

This invention relates to improvements in carpenters squares, and has for one of its objects to produce an implement of this character so arranged that it may be used for marking out beams and timbers in constructing hips, valleys, jack rafters, cuts for sheathing boards, stair risers and treads and the like.

Another objects of the invention is to pro-A vide an implement of this characterl including all the ordinary elements of a carpenters square with the improved attachments applied, the attachments not interfering with the ordinary uses of the square.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certain novel features of construction as hereinafter shown and described and then pointed out in the claims, and in the drawings illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the invention:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the imroved steel square, looking at the obverse ace;

Figure 2 is a plan view, enlarged, of one of the gage blocks;`

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the gage block attached to the blade portion of a square, the latter being in section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Figure 4 is a detail illustrating the manner of using the implement for lining out the angles of a piece of Work, for instance a raft-er;

Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the manner of using the implement for lining out the angles inthe rafters of a square dome;

Figure 6 is a. detail illustrating the manner of usingthe implement in lining out a supporting joist in stair building;

Figure 7 is a plan view looking at the front face of the square.

The body of the improved implement is in the usual/form of a carpcnters square, and compri/ses a blade portion 10 and a tongue portion l11, each provided with the usual scales in inches and fractions of inches, or other scales as may be required.

The blade 10 is 24 inches in length and 2 inches in Width and is scaled to represent inches and fractions of inches. The tongue 11 is 16 inches in length and 111-5 inches in Width, (the thickness of standard rafter tim-- bers), and is scaled to represent inches and fractions of inches. The blade is the horizontal measurement for rafter framing, stair stepping and brace framing, and the tongue 1s the verticalheight in inches `per foot run on the blade in laying out the pitch for the roof in roof framing and grace framing and the Width of riser in stair building.

Formed through the tongue portion 11 is a relatively long longitudinally directed guide slot 12 and a plurality of'sockets 13 spaced at any required distance apart.

Formed through the blade portion 1() is a like slot 14 and a plurality of sockets 15 spaced apart as shown.

For the purpose of illustration the longer slot 12 in the tongue extends from the sixinch scale line to the eight and one-halfinch scale line, and the sockets 13l each extends between` the nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen and fifteen inch scale lines and the respective half inch scale lines next thereto, as shown. The longitudinal slot 14 of the blade 10 is shown extending from the six inch scale line to the ten and one-half inch scale line, 'While the sockets 15 are shown extending from the twelve inch and seventeen inch scale lines and the respective half inch scale lines next thereto, as shown.

It will be understood that the location and vlengths of the slots, and the location of the sockets may be varied as required, and I do not wishpto be limited to anyspecific location of the slots and sockets, nor to the number employed.

Furnished with each of the; squares constructed as described are a plurality of gage4 blocks, each formed with a head or body portion 16 of a predetermined Width, for instance one-half inch when employed in association With a square having scales of inches and fractions of inches on its blade and tongue. Each of the gage blocks is formed with a lug 17 to closely engage in the sockets 13 and 15 and slidably engaging in the slots12 and 14. Each of the lugs 17 is provided with a threaded aperture to receive a clamp screw' 18, the latter each'm0 having a head 19 to bear upon the adjacent face of the blade, or tongue, as the case may be.

Each gage block extends at the end farthest from the lug 17 -to one edge of the 105 blade or tongue, as shown.

One o f the gage blocks may thus be associated With one of the sockets 13 or 15 and another adjustably associated With the slot 12 or 14 as will be obvious, and may be thus no changed from one socket to another, or adjusted Within the slots 12 and 14 as required.

The slot. 12 extending from the six inch scale line to the eight and one-half inch scale line on the tongue 11, provides that one side face of the block 16 may be set to any scale line at or between theseterminal lines, for instance for marking the risers in stair' building; and the other block adjusted in the slot 14 which extends from the six inch scale to the ten and one-half inch scale on the blade, to provide for the adjustment of the block for use in marking stair treads in stair building. It will be understood that the dimensions of the risers and treads may be varied by changing the relative positions of the gage blocks. In Fig. 6

is illustrated the manner of using the im-F proved implement in laying out the treadA and riser cuts in the supports in stair building. For instance, the gage block 16 of the tongue 11 is set at the point to correspond to the vertical height of the risers, for instance seven inches, and the gage block 16 of the blade l0 set to correspond to the width of the treads or steps, for instance ten inches. Then it is only necessary to apply the square, successively or progressively, to the edge of the Stringer timber, a section of which is indicated at 20, as shown in Fig. -6 and marking with a scratch awl or pencil around the elbow or knee of the square, or the art which bears upon the joist, to correct y and expeditiously outline the angular sections which are to be cut out as indicated by the dotted lines at 21.

One of the sockets 15 is located betweeny the twelve and twelve and one-half inch scale on the blade 10, and is for use in laying out a main or common rafter, and the other socket 15 is located between the seventeen inch and seventeen and one-half inch scalev lines on the blade, and is for use in marking hip and valley rafters of various pitches.

The sockets 13 in the tongue are located between scale lines nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen and fifteen of thel tongue and the respective half-inch scale lines of the same, and are provided for marking the rafters for a required pitch of a roof.

-For instance, as illustrated in Fig. t a section of a rafter is illustrated at 22 with a diagram of the improved square for laying out a common rafter for a roof having a one-third pitch. Assuming that the Width of the building is 24 feet and the height of the roof is 8 feet, the gauge block is set at the 12 inch scale on the blade 10 which -represents one-half the width of the building and the other gauge block is set at the 8 inch scale of the tongue which represents the height of the roof. The square is then laid on the timber with ther gauge blocks bearing against the edge of the timber, with the knee or elbow of the square pointing away from you, then mark across the rafter with a scratch avv-l or pencil following the front of the tongue whiclrgives the outside of plumb mark of the frame, then move the square, starting from the upper edge of the plumb mark, keeping it at the same pitch, successively as many times as there are feet in one-half of the Width ofthe building, and at the finish cutout the rafter seat, and you have the main or common rafter for a roof having a one-third pitch.

In laying off or cutting the timber for the hip and also for the valley rafters the procedure is the same as that described for the main or common rafter'except that the gauge-block for the blade is shifted from the 12 inch scale to the recess formed at the 17 inch scale which represents an angle substantially of 45 degrees. The gauge-block on the tongue remaining say at the 8 inch scale adjustment, and following the 4method described for the main rafter there is formed the rafter for the hip or the valley for a roof having a one-third pitch.

In forming a main or common rafter and also the hip and the valley rafter for a roof having say a one-half pitch, the gauge block of the tongue is placed in the socket or recess of the tongue formed at the 12 inch scale, and with the gauge block of the blade placed at the 12 inch scale on the blade for the main rafter, or at the 17 inch scale for the hip or the valley rafter, and proceeding in the manner described for the roof with a one-third pitch there is produced the main rafter and also the hip and valley rafters for a roofwith a one-half pitch. To produce the rafters for roofs having other pitches the gauge-block of the tongue is adjusted to the scale representing the vertical height of the roof above the Wall in the rela-tion of one inch on the tongue scale to one foot run on the blade, and there is produced` the main and the hip and valley rafters laid out for a roof having the roof pitch corresponding to the number of feet represented by one foot run on the bla-de for which the gauge-blocks have been adjusted.

The jacks and cripples for the roof are obtained in the same way. For instance, measurevout of many feetof run on the blade as the jack rafter contains linear feet from the corner of the structure; if there be-sixteen inch centers,'measure out one foot run,

slide the square along edge of the timber into position four inches more, which gives the length of the first pair; this added to every pair gives the'length of each pair. The bevel to the hi is the thickness of the rafter timber, and t e Width 'of the tongue being the thickness of the timber hold the square on the plumb cut,.mark along the inside edge of the tongue, at end of jack timber rafter, and at the same time mark the plumb 'cut square across, and then square over, and this givls the bevel and the exact length of'the jac It is obvious from the foregoing that in stair building it is only necessary to adjust one gauge-block in the elongated slot or recess of the tongue to the scale representing the height of the riser and the other gaugeblock in the elongated slot or recess of the blade representing the width of the tread and apply the square to the Stringer with the blocks bearing against the edge of the timber and mark the timber following the edge of the tongue and blade and around its knee or elbow, and then slide the squarefor lthe next marking and so on throughout t-he length of the Stringer for the length desired without scaling each movement of the square. Also that in laying out the main and also the hip and valley rafters for a roof of a given pitch. it is only necessary to adjust the gauge-block on the tongue to the scale which in inches represents the number of feet in height of the roof, and adjust the other gauge-block on the blade to the scale which in inches represents the number of feet in one-half the width of the building, or in the same proportionate relation if the width of the building contains more feet than is represented by the blade scaled 'one inch to one foot run, then apply the square to the rafter timber with the blocks bearing against the edge of the timber and the elbow away from you, then mark across the rafter along the front edge of the tongue; then move the square along the rafter timber as many times as there are feet in one half of the width of the building and mark the timber along the front edge of the tongue in the final position of the square, and take out your rafter seat. This gives ou the main or common rafter for a roof aving a itch corresponding to the proportion whic the scale of the location of the gauge-block on the ton ue bears to one foot run on the blade; that 1s, if the gauge-block be at the 8 inch scale on the tongue the roof will have one-third pitch, and if it be at the 12 inch scale it will have one-half pitch, and so on according as the gauge-block may be positioned. For the hip and valley rafters the gauge-block of the blade will be positioned in the socket or recess at thel inch scale of the blade without any change in the location of the gauge-block of the tongue, with the result that you get the lay out of the hip and also 'of the valley rafter for a roof having the same pitch. The results stated are gained without calculations and scalin necessary in the use of a steel square of or inary formation.

It will be obvious that the rafters for any required pitch may be quickly marked by adjusting the blocks to kthe appropriate sockets and slots.

In Figs. 1 and 7 geometrical Figures 28 and 29 are' shown outlined on the square, as a matter of information.

In Fig. 45 the manner of lining out the rafters for a square dome is illustrated.

An outline or flat diagram for a dome is first drawn to a scale, with the curved hip rafters represented conventionally at 23 and the spaced rafters at 24, and the curvatures of the dome indicated at 25. rafters are shown terminating at the curved lines. Then by applying the improved irnplement to the curved lines and to the lines indicating the spaced rafters at their respective junctures as illustrated, the gage blocks can be set to enable the correct angles to be scribed.

The various adjustments of the blocksy 16 The spaced enables the operator to lay out any dimen-y sion or angle required.

It is to be understood that changes may be made for various positions of adjustment; of the gauge-blocks on the blade and on the tongue, and also in the means or manner of securing the blocks in their proper positions for the various manipulations described without departing from the essential features of the invention as sought to be defined in the appended claims.

Having described my invention and set forth its merits what I claim is 1. A square having a blade and a tongue scaled to inches and fractions of inches, the blade representing .horizontal measurements having formed therein an elongated recess extending between the 6 and 10 inch scale divisions, and the tongue representing vertical height having formed therein an elongated recess extending between the 6 and 8 inch scale divisions, the blade. and vtongue each formed with additional recesses in alinement with the elongated recess of the member, and gauge-blocks adjustable in the recesses of the blade and tongue to the scale 'representing the horizontal measurement and scale representing the vertical height, respectively, for the treads and risers for steps. l

2. A` square having -a blade scaled in inches and fractions of inches representing horizontal measurements and a tongue scaled in inches and fractions of inches representing vertical height measurements, the blade and the tongue each having an elongated recess between certain scale divisions and the bladerwith an independent recess between its elongated recess and end of the blade, spaced from and in alinement with the elongated recess, and the tongue formed with a plurality of independent recesses between its elongated recess and end of the tongue and in alinement withthe elongated recess, and gauge-blocks, one of said gauge blocks to fit to the recess inthe blade and the other to fit either the elon.-A gated recess or a selected independent recess auf of the tongue to obtain the proper marking of a common rafter or jack rafter for a roof having a given pitch.

3. A square having a blade scaled in inches and fractions of inches representing horizontal measurements and a tongue scaled in inches and fractions of inches representing height measurements, the blade and the tongue each having an elongated recess be tween certain scale divisions and with an independent recess between its elongated recess and end of the blade and in alinement with the elongated recess for use in hip and valley rafter lay-outs, and the tongue formed with a plurality of recesses between its elongated recess and end of the tongue in alinement with one another and the elongated recess, and gauge-blocks, one of said gage blocks to fit to the recess in the blade and the other to lit either the elongated recess or a selected recess of the tongue to obtain the proper marking of either a valley or hip rafter for a roof having a given pitch.

4. A square having a blade scaled in inches and fractions of inches representing horizontal measurements and a tongue scaled in inches and fractions of inches representing height measurements, the blade and the tongue each having an elongated recess between certain scale divisions for conjoint use in laying out stair stringers with tread and riser cuts of a predetermined selection, and the blade and tongue provided each with certain other recesses in alinement with one another and the elongated recess for conjoint use in laying out main and hip and valley rafters and jack rafters in a structurel having a roof of a predetermined itch, and gaugeblocks for co-operation with the elongated recesses and selected recesses of the blade and tongue for the lay-out desired, said gauge blocks each having a stud for sliding movement in the elongated vrecesses and proportioned to lit snugly in the selected smaller recesses.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

HENRY A. HARRISON.

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