US1588608A

US1588608A - Galvanic battery

Info

Publication number: US1588608A
Application number: US714711A
Authority: US
Inventors: Oppenheim Rene
Original assignee: Le Carbone Sa
Current assignee: Mersen SA
Priority date: 1925-06-06
Filing date: 1924-05-20
Publication date: 1926-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 1943-06-15

Description

June 15 1926.

Fig.2.

R. OPPENHEIM QALVANIC BATTERY Filed May 20. 1924 Figl Patented June 15, 1926'.

j 1,588,608" UNI-TED sTArE-s PATENT OFFICE.

RENE OPPENHEIM, OF LEVALLOIS-PER-RET, FRANCE. ASSIGNOR TO SOCIETE momma LE CABBONE, OF LEVALLOIS-IERRET, FRANCE.

' GALVANIC BATTERY.

Application filed May 20, 1924,'Serial No. 714,711, and in France April 10, 1824.

The so-called gas battery accumulators, that is to say accumulators for the energy of I the IOIllZQd gases, present as is well known,

"arious advantages, the chief of them being" that their weight in relation to the available quantities of energy is low in COIIIPtillSOIl with that of lead accunmlatorQfor example,

I their formation is very rapid, and their conditions of charge and discharge afford a wide range of utility. I

This type of accumulator has up to the present however the disadvantage of an insufiicient output because of the accumulation of the gases which takes place in the centre of the electrolyte and the output. is thus restricted by the degree of solubility of these gases in the electrolyte.

Now the object of the present invention is a manner of forming gas accumulators which, besides the qualities of the present gas accumulators, possess the advantage of having a large output.

The gas battery or accumulator of this invention is essentially characterized by the fact that it comprises a medium of great absorbing power in a small volume storing up the gases which originate from the charge and restoring them at the timeof the discharge.

The invention consists in principle of the use of electrodes capable of absorbing the gases and, constituted, for this purpose, of a porous body and a good conductor of electriclty possessing a high absorbent p wer, and protected over the whole of its s1 .rface by a coating impermeable. by liquids and permeable by gases. 4 This porous body, due to its special constitution, can concentrate during charging under a low pressure a considerable quantity of gas, which it retains as long as the circuit remains open and only restores it at the moment of the discharge.

llThe following advantages are the result of a) The possibility of accumulating, with a small pressure, a large quantity of energy, this later being in proportion to theweight of the gas liberate I (6) Work practically null with an open circuit. I

(a) A practically perfect output when the gas or ases is or are again liberated .so as to reconstitute the electrolyte.

In the present type of storage battery (accumulator) the the chief feature by a'block of porous carbon or a cake of charcoal coated on one surface with a film or skin impermeable by liquids and permeable by gasesand formed, for instance,'by a pectized colloid. In the casewhere the electrolyte decomposes into two gaseous elements, the anode and the cathode are each formed by an electrode composed in this manner. If, on the contrary, ,the electrolyte decomposes into a metal and a gas, the

anode onlypresents the special constitution indicated above and the cathode is, for example, a metal plate or rod of the same metal as that forming the basis of the electrolyte.

In both cases the electrolyte may be in liquid solution or may be immobilized by the processes'known by means of gelatine, glass wool, pumice stone in powdered form,

sawdust or the like.

porous electrode forming of the invention is formed In order to show these ideas, two methods I of using the invention are described herein- V after by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which :-v

Flg. 1 1s a vertical section of an embodiment applicable in the case in which the electrolyte-is decomposed in two gaseous elements. I K

Fig. 2 shows, also in vertical section, a modification to be used in the case in which the electrolyte decomposes in a. gas'and a metal.

The apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 comprises a receptacle (1 ofinsulating material which is notattacked by the electrolyte, say glass for example; in this receptacle there areplaced two blocks 6, a of any shape, say parallelepipedic for example, each formed by a block of charcoal the whole surface of which is covered by a pectized colloidal film d, 0 formed, for example, by a coating of oleo-margarate of zinc.

These two blocks 6, 0, which constitute respectively the anode and the cathode, are each provided at their upper part with a. terminal f g. I I

The electrolyte h, contained in the receptacle a, and into which the two electrodes 6, c, penetrate, is formed, for example, of a concentrated solution "of ammonium chloride.

In the course of the charging the amto the cathode c and the hydrogen is released.

Due to the great adsorbing power of the two electrodes 1), c, the chlorine and the ammonia are absorbed by these latter. In the course of the discharge the chlorine and the I and a gas.

ammonia are again combined so as to form ammonium chloride according to the formula:

the atom of liberated nitrogen disengages it-self.

Figure 2 shows a manner of carrying out the invention applicable to the case where the electrolyte used decomposes into a metal leased by the electrolyte, is deposited upon.

the zinc cathode z, and the chlorine is absorbed by the porous mass 12 forming the anode.

At the time of the discharge this chlorine is restored by the porous anode b and dis- 4 solves the zinc deposited upon the cathode i.

In the two apphcations of the-invention described above, the electrolyte may be in the state of a free liquid, or it may be immobilized by the means already known, such as gelatine, glass wool, powdered pumicestone, sawdust orthe like.

It is to be understood that the methods of application hereinbefore set forth are I only given byway of example, and that the form, sizes, nature of the materials employed and the structural details may vary according to the different applications of the invention.

" Claims 1. A gas accumulator characterized by the fact that it comprises at one of its poles, a porous electrode covered over its whole surface with a coating impermeable by liquids and permeable by gases.

. 2. A gas accumulator characterized by the fact that it comprises, at each of its poles, a porous electrode covered over its entire surface with a coating impermeable by liquids and permeable by gases.

3. A gas accumulator comprising an anode constituted by a block of porous carbon, covered by a pectized colloidal coating, and. a cathode constituted. by a conductive element.

4. A gas accumulator characterized by the fact that the anode and the cathode are each constituted by a block of porous carbon, charcoal for instance, and that a coating, formed of a pectized colloid, covers the said porous block.

5. A gas accumulator characterized by the fact that the anode and the cathode are each constituted by an agglomerate of charcoal,

that this agglomerate is covered over its whole surface with a pectized film of oleomargarate of zinc,fand that the electrolyte is a concentrated solution of'- ammonium chloride.

The foregoing specification of my Improvements in or relatingto galvanic batteries signed 1924:. i

RENE OPPENHEIM.-

by me this 6th day of May